課文聽(tīng)力文本Unit9AboutYourself

Unit9AboutYourselfPartⅠ GettingReadyExerciseB.Keys：teeth,24,32bones,153,206heart,98,7.nose(meaning:notinterferein)foot(meaning:causeembarrassmentbydoingorsayingsth.tactless)hand,hand(meaning:askforhelp)ears(meaning:listenwithcare)Head(meaning:completely)neck(meaning:deeplyinvolvedin)heart,heart(meaning:withthedeepestdevotion)Tapescript:A:Doyouknowhowmanyteethyou’vegot?Howmanyteeth?Ooh,ooh,24?More?(Yes)32?Yes.A:Doyouknowhowmanybonesthereareinyourbody?Howmanybones?I'lltakeaguess.153.206.A:Howoftendoesyourheartbeat?98timesaminute.No,70timesaminute.Bob:Doyouknowwhatthebossthinksyoushoulddo,Billy?Billy:Justyoukeepyourgreatnoseoutofthis,Bob,willyou?(Meaning:notinterferein)Anne:StevenKent,Inever,neverwanttoseeyouinmylifeagain.Steven:Ohno.Mary:Youreallyhaveputyourfootinit,haven'tyou?(Meaning:causeembarrassmentbydoingorsayingsth.tactless)Kate:Dave!Canyougivemeahand,please?Dave:What?Kate:Isaidcanyougivemeahand.Dave:Allright,I'mcoming.Noneedtoshout.(Meaning:askforhelp)7.Max:Arethereanyjobsgoinginyourcompanythen,foranintelligent,hard-workingyoungman;likemysonJulian?Frank:No,Ihaven'theardofanyatallrecently.Max:Well,couldyoukeepyourearsopen,justincase?(Meaning:listenwithcare)8.Carol:HaveyouheardaboutMaggiethen?Norma:Maggie?MaggieThatcher?Carol:No.MaggieBrown.She'sinloveagain.Norma:Ohnotagain.Whowiththistime?Carol:Withherboss.Headoverheelsinlovewithhim,sheis.(Meaning:completely)Nick:HaveyoueverlentanymoneytoMick?Jill:Mick?Huh!Iwouldn'tlendhimanyifIwereyou.Nick:Whynot?Doesn'thepayitback?Jill:No.Never.He'suptohisneckindebts.(Meaning:deeplyinvolvedin)Liz:She'saverygooddoctor.Neverlooksatherwatch.Nevercomplains.Nothing'stoomuchtroubleforher.Pat:Iknow,yeah.Notmanylikeherabout.She'sallheart,really.Allheart.(Meaning:withthedeepestdevotion)PartⅡExerciseA.Keys:4 3 5 2 4 1 3 4 4 1Tapescript:Ourbodyismadeupofthousandsofdifferentparts.Allthesepartsworktogethertokeepusaliveandtohelpusmovearound.Thepartsofthehumanbodyarelikethepartsofaverycomplicatedmachine.Likeanyothermachine,however,ifitisinexpertlycaredfor,over-taxedorinsufficientlyused,itwillbecomerusty,sluggishorcloggedandpartsofitsmechanismmayevengrindtoahalt.Thatiswhyitissoimportanttokeepeverypartofthehumanmachinehealthyandproperlycared.Tokeepingoodrunningorder,thebodyrequirestherawmaterialsforgrowthandthereplacementoftissueswhennecessary.Ourbodiesbumfoodlikefueltoproducetheenergyweneed.Thehumandigestivesystemisabit likeavery longtube,butit'salotmorecomplex.It'sseveralmeterslong,andmostofitiscarefullycoiledupinourabdomen.Ithasseveralimportantjobstodo.First,itmustdigestorbreakdownourfood.Digestionstartsthemomentfoodentersourmouth.Thenitcontinuesasthefoodissqueezedalongthegutbymusclesinthewalloftheintestine.Asthefoodtravelsthroughthegut,naturalchemicalscalledenzymesareaddedtoit,whichhelpbreakdownthefood.Thenthisdigestedfoodandwatermustbeabsorbedfromthegutintoourbloodstreamsothatitcanbeusedbythebody.Finally,thegutmustcarryawayanywasteproductsintheformoffeces.Usuallyourintestinedoesallthesethingsveryefficiently. Butsometimesthingscangowrong.Probablythemostcommongutsymptomsarediarrheaandconstipation.Withdiarrhea,thefoodandwatertravelstooquicklythroughtheintestine,oftenmakingthefeceswatery,andmakingitnecessarytoopenthebowelsmorefrequently.Therearelotsof causesofdiarrhea.Probablythecommonestcausesof diarrheaarecontaminatedfoodorwater,andinfectioncausedbyvirusesorparasites.Manycasesofdiarrheaclearupwithin afewdayswithout anyspecialmedicines.Butthebodylosesalotoffluid throughdiarrhea,sothereisaveryrealriskofthebodydryingoutorbecomingdehydrated.Becauseofthisriskofdehydration,thebesttreatmentfordiarrheaissimplytomakesureyouaredinkingenough.Avoidingdehydrationinthiswaycanbealifesaver.ExerciseB.Keys:Causesofdiarrhea:foodpoisoning,themselves,thegut,getverynervous,stressedaboutsomethingdiarrheaTreatmentofdiarrhea:serious,clearup,oneortwodays,drinklotsoffluid,eattoomuch,saltandsugar,speciallymixed,sugarandapinchofsaltTapescript:Therearelotsofdifferentcausesofdiarrhea.Um,thereareinfectionsthatcanhappen,andthisisfoodpoisoning,ifyoulike,whereinyourfoodyoueatsomesortofbacteriaororganisms,whichinfectyou.Somefoodscanjustirritatethegutandtendtogiveyoudiarrhea,althoughtheyarenotinfected.It'sjustthefooditself(that)mightirritateyoursystem.Somepeople,iftheygetverynervousandstressedaboutsomething,findtheytendtogetdiarrhea.Somethingcalledtheirritablebowelsyndromewheresomethinggoeswrongwiththewaythegutworks.Andpeoplethatsufferfromthistendtoget,um,tummypains,andtheygetsometimesdiarrhea,sometimesconstipation.Allsortsofcauses.Mostattacksofdiarrhea,urn,particularlyinadults,arenotseriousandtheyclearupbythemselveswithinoneortwodays.Themostimportantthingistodrinklotsoffluid,becauseifyouhavegotdiarrhea,you'reobviouslylosingalotoffluid.Andsoit'sbetterreallynottoeattoomuch,nottoworryaboutthat,butomakesureyoudrinkplentyoffluid.Andideally,thisshouldhavealittlebitofsaltandsugarin.Youcangetspecialdehydratingfluids,whicharespeciallymixed.Butifyouwanttomakeyourownbyaddingjustateaspoonfulofsugarandapinchofsalt,thenit'sobviouslyperfectlyreasonabletodothat.Part

Ⅲ

ImmunityExerciseB.Keys:1.Becausetherearesomethingswhichweenotnaturally’rimmuneto.2.Aversionofanillnessisgiventothebody, andthebodythinksthatit ’sactuallybeinginfectedwiththatinfection.Thenexttimeitseesit,thebodycanrespondveryquickly.No.Wecan’tproduceavaccineforAIDS,forinstance.TheHIVvirus,whichcausesAIDS,attacksthehumanimmunesystem.Andthevirusitselfcanchangeveryeasily.It ’sverydifficulttofindavaccinewhichcanrecognizealltypes.ofHIVTapescript:Thehumanbodyisconstantlyunderattackfrominvadinggermsandinfections.Andtheonlyreasonwedon'tsufferfromconstantillnessisourbodieshavetheirowndefensemechanismtofightoffdisease.Thisresistancetoinfectioniscalledimmunity.Howdoesimmunitywork?Well,theimmunesystemisthebody'sownsecretarmy,whichfightsinfection.Anditconsistsofawholerangeoftroops,soldiers,theircellsandtheirmolecules.Nowtheheadquartersofthisarmyisreallytheblood.That'swhereitdoesmostofitsfighting.Andsometimesitneedssomereserve,andthatcomesfromthebonemarrow.That'swheretheimmunecellsaremade.A:Sotherearemanydifferentkindsofcells,differentkindsofmoleculesintheimmunesystem.Iguessedtheonesthatwe'reprobablymorefamiliarwitharewhitebloodcells.B:That'sright.Whitebloodcellsformamajorpartofthebody'sdefense.Buttherearealsoantibodiesintheirlife,moreproteins.Theyjustlashontotheinvaders.Thewhitecellscansometimesactuallygobbleupinvaders.Thecleverthingisthatoncetheinfectionhasattackedourbody,theimmunesystemseemstohaveamemoryoftheinvader,sothatthenexttimeitseestheinvaderitcanattackveryquickly.Therearesomethingswhichwe'renotnaturallyimmunetoandthat'swherevaccinationcomesin,isn'tit?Exactly.Vaccinationplaysonthebody'sabilitytorememberinfection.Sowhathappensisthatsomeoneisgivenaversionofanillness,forinstance,measlesorpolio,ortuberculosis,andthebodythinksthatitisactuallybeinginfectedwiththatinfection.Andthenexttimeitseesit,thebodycanrespondveryquickly.Allthetroopsofitsimmunesystemcancomeintoplay.Nowsometimestheimmunesystemdoesn'tworkverywell,doesit?No.It'saremarkablycomplexsystem.Andsometimesitcangowrong.Eitheritcanbeoveractive,soitactuallystartstoattackourownbodyself,oritcanbeunderachievesometimes,andwearemorelikelytobeinfectedinthatsituation.A:Arethereanyimportantillnesses,whichresultfromtheimmunesystemsothatit'sturningonourbodiesthemselves?B:Thereare.Oneexamplewouldbeadiseaselikemultiple-sclerosis,wherethebody'sownimmunesystemattackstheliningofnerves,whichmeansthatpeople'snervesdon'tworkproperly.A:We'reabletoassistthebodyinitsfightagainsttheillnessinmanycases,buttherearesomediseaseswhichwedon'tseemtobeabletoproduceavaccinefor.AIDSisoneofthem.Whynot?B:TheproblemisAIDS,whichiscausedbytheHIVvirus,attacksthehumanimmunesystem,whichmeansthatournormaldefensesaren'ttheretofightoffthatinfection.TheotherproblemwithtryingtoproduceavaccineagainstHIVorAIDSisthatthevirus,HIV,canchangeitselfsoeasily.That'sverydifficulttofindavaccine,whichcanrecognizeallthedifferenttypesofHIV.Soonevaccinemaybeeffectiveagainstonetypeofthevirusbutitmayabsolutelybenogoodforanothertype.ExerciseC.Keys:headquarters→bloodGobblingupinvadersHavingamemoryofinvadersUnderactive —morelikelytobeinfectedtheimmunesystem: 2 3vaccination:5HIV:1 4 6Tapescript:Presenter:Thehumanbodyisconstantlyunderattackfrominvadinggermsandinfections.Andtheonlyreasonwedon'tsufferfromconstantillnessisourbodieshavetheirowndefensemechanismtofightoffdisease.Thisresistancetoinfectioniscalledimmunity.AndherewithmetodiscusshowitworksisGrimeEaston.Heisafamilydoctor,andamemberoftheScienceInIthereintheBBCWorldService.Grime,howdoesimmunitywork?Grime:Well,theimmunesystemisthebody'sownsecretarmy,ifyoulike,whichfightsinfection.Anditconsistsofawholerangeoftroops,soldiers,theircellsandtheirmolecules.Um,nowtheheadquartersofthisarmyisreallytheblood.That'swhereitdoesmostofthefighting.Andsometimesitneedssomereserve,somebackup,andthatcomesfromthebonemarrow.That'swheretheimmunecells'factoriesare,Presenter:Sotherearemanydifferentkindsofcells,anddifferentkindsofmoleculestiedupintheimmunesystem.Iguessedtheonesthatwe'reprobablymorefamiliarwitharewhitebloodcells.Grime:That'sright.Whitebloodcellsformamajorpartofthebody'sdefense.Buttherearealsoantibodiesintheirlife,moreproteins,whichjustlashontotheinvaders.Um,but,asyousay,thewhitecellscansometimesactuallygobbleupinvaders.Sothecleverthingisthatoncetheinfectionhasattackedourbody,theimmunesystemseemstohaveamemoryoftheinvader,sothatthenexttimeitseestheinvaderitcanattackveryquickly.Theimmunesysteminthehumanbodyfightsinvadingdisease.Immunityoccursbecausetheimmunesystemcanrememberthechemicalmakeupofinvadinggermsandattackthemveryquickly.Presenter:Therearesomethingswhichwe'renotnaturallyimmunetoandthat'swherevaccinationcomesin,isn'tit?Grime:Exactly.Vaccinationplaysonthebody'sabilitytorememberinfection.Sowhathappensisthatsomeoneisgivenaversionofanillness,forinstance,measlesorpolio,ortuberculosis,andthebodythinksthatitisactuallybeinginfectedwiththatinfection.Andthenexttimeitseesit,urn,thebodycanrespondveryquickly.Andallthetroopsofitsimmunesystemcancomeintoplay.Vaccinationcanbeusedtoprotectthebodyagainstspecificinfections.Presenter:Nowsometimestheimmunesystemdoesn'tworkverywell,doesit?Grime:No.It'saremarkablycomplexsystem.It'saverycomplicatedsystem.Andsometimesitcangowrong.Eitheritcanbeoveractive,soitactuallystartstoattackourownbodyself,oritcanbeunderactivesometimes,andwearemorelikelytobeinfectedinthatsituation.Presenter:Arethereanyimportantillnesses,whichresult fromtheimmunesystemsothatit'sturningonourbodiesthemselves?Grime:Thereare.Andoneexamplewouldbeadiseaselikemultiple-sclerosis,wherethebody'sownimmunesystem,wethink,attackstheliningofnerves,whichmeansthatpeople'snervesdon'tworkproperly.Presenter:We'reabletoassistthebodyinitsfightagainsttheillnessinmanycases,buttherearesomediseaseswhichwedon'tseemtobeabletoproduceavaccinefor. Um,AIDSisoneofthem.Whynot?Grime:Well,theproblemisAIDS,whichiscausedbytheHIVvirus,isthatHIVitselfattacksthehumanimmunesystem,which meansthatournormaldefensesaren'ttheretofightoffthatinfection,orindeedmanyothersortsofinfection.TheotherproblemwithtryingtoproduceavaccineagainstHIVorAIDSisthatthevirus,HIV ,canchangeitselfsoeasily.Urn,that'sverydifficulttofindavaccinewhichcanrecognizeallthedifferenttypesofHIV,whichthereare.Soonevaccinemaybeeffectiveagainstonetypeofthevirusbutitmayabsolutelybenogoodforanothertype.HIVisthevirusthatcausesAIDS.HIVdestroysthebody'simmunesystem,andputsthebodyatgreaterriskfromothercommoninfections.Presenter:IwastalkingtoDr.GrimeEastonoftheScienceInItaboutimmunity.Thereasonwhyhe,I,andIhopeyou,areabletoremainashealthyasweare.Part Ⅳ TheCirculatorySystemKeys:parts,waste,body,needed,heart,defense,cells,invaderstwo,lungs,blood,back,arterieswalls,cell,heart,oxygen,blood,digestive,liver,heartPartⅤHairKeys:Caller ’sname:JimBaillieProblem:losinghairCaller’sdoctor ’sopinion:nothinghecandoaboutit;hereditarySolution:notalothecandoaboutit;trytoacceptAdvice:don ’tcombitover;donwearany’tfalsehairpiecethingsTapescript:Radiopresenter:Allright.Thankyouforthatcall,Rosemary.Wenowgo,Ithink,toGlasgowandournextcaller,er,JimBaillie.H