初中英語語法動詞時態(tài)課件

動詞時態(tài)初中階段8種時態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時一般過去時一般將來時現(xiàn)在進行時過去進行時現(xiàn)在完成時過去完成時過去將來時(1)一般現(xiàn)在時:表示經常反復發(fā)生的動作.e.g.Theyoftenspendtheirholidaysinthesouth.

常搭配的時間狀語:alwaysoftenusuallysometimesseldomneverfromtimetotime

nowandthen(偶爾)everydayevery….onceaweek2.表示狀態(tài):e.g.Heisbusyatthemoment.3.表示客觀真理,諺語,格言.e.g.Thesunsetsinthewest.一般現(xiàn)在時與現(xiàn)在進行時的區(qū)別進行時強調動作正在進行,而現(xiàn)在時強調動作的經常和反復,或特征,這類動作沒有時間性的.某些表示感官知覺的動詞如:see,hear,smell,taste等表示感覺,用一般時,不用進行時.e.g.Doyouseeaplaneinthesky?

注意:1)feel可以用一般時和進行時表示說話時的感覺:e.g.Iamnotfeelingwelltoday.Howareyoufeelingtoday?Ifeeltired.2)see,hear有相應表示動作的動詞lookat/listento,這些詞可以用進行時比較:Doyouseeamaponthewall?Heislookingatamaponthewall.Ihearastrangenoisefromthecarengine.Heislisteningtothemusic.3.有些表示狀態(tài)或心理感覺的動詞一般不用現(xiàn)在進行時,而用一般現(xiàn)在時表示狀態(tài)或感覺,如love,like,hate,want,need,wish,know(知道),understand(懂得),remember(記得),believe,guess(認為),mean(意味著),think(認為),feel(認為),fit(合適),find(認為),show(表明),have(有)e.g.Ihopeyouwillenjoyyourmeal.Iwanttovisitthemtomorrow.4.當有些感覺動詞詞義轉變,成為表示動作的動詞時,可以用進行時:e.g.NowIseetheliquidintheglasshasturnedred.Heisseeinghisfriendoffattheairport.Ithinktheywillcome.Weareallthinkinghard.Thereportshowstheproblemisserious.Heisshowingthemaroundourschool.Exercise:Water______(freeze)atthetemperature0.Theair_____(keep)movingallthetime.Thetown_____(lie)tothewestofthehill.I_______(believe)you________tellthetruthnow.--____myson__________(work)hardthisterm?--Oh,yes,he_________(try)hisbestnow.6.______thehat_______(fit)mewell?7.–Whathashappenedtothefish,Mary?--Mum,thecat______(eat)thefish.Justnowthecat_____(jump)ontothetableand_____(eat)itup.8.Sam____(live)inthesmalltownforfiveyearsduringthewar.9.ItisagessinceIlast____(see)you.You___(grow)taller.10.Hewon’ttelluswherehe______(get)thebook.freezeskeepsliesbelievearetellingIsworkingistryingDoesfithaseatenjumpedatelivedsawhavegrowngot3.表示主語過去的狀態(tài)或特征.e.g.Itwasrainylastweek.Hewasataxidriveryearsago.4.在時間,條件狀語從句中代替過去將來時.e.g.Hewouldgiveherthebookifhesawher.(4)過去進行時表示過去某一時刻正在進行的動作.e.g.Hewasdoingshoppingthistimeyesterday.Wewerehavingadiscussionatthattime.2.表示過去某一階段正在進行的動作.Aswewereleaving,someofourfriendsarrived.Whenwewereplayingintheplayground,itbegantorain.過去進行時與一般過去時的區(qū)別:過去進行時強調過去某時刻或階段動作的進行,不表明動作的完成,而一般過去時表示過去某動作已發(fā)生,表明動作已完成.e.g.Hewaswritingacompositionlastnight.(作文不一定完成)Hewroteacompositionlastnight.(作文肯定寫完了)III.現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別：1)完成時強調過去發(fā)生的動作的結果和影響；而一般過去時強調動作發(fā)生的時間，地點，方式等，與現(xiàn)在沒有聯(lián)系。e.g.Ihavejusthadbreakfast.Ihadbreakfastamomentago.(時間）Ihavefinishedmyhomework.Ifinishedmyhomeathome.（地點）2）現(xiàn)在完成時表示的持續(xù)狀態(tài)強調持續(xù)到說話時為止，與現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系，而一般過去時表示的持續(xù)狀態(tài)強調過去某段時間的經歷，與現(xiàn)在沒有聯(lián)系。e.g.TheGreenshavestayedinChinaforayear.TheGreensstayedinChinaforayearduringthewar.Ihavelearnedcomputerforsometime.Ilearnedcomputerforsometimewhileinmiddleschool.IV.不可持續(xù)動詞與可持續(xù)動詞1）常見的詞：leavedieputonfailillbeawaybedeadwearbeillborrowcatchacoldbuyjointhearmykeephaveacoldhavebeinthearmy2)不可持續(xù)動詞不能與“for+時間段”或since+時間點”連用，應改用持續(xù)性動詞。Ihaveboughtacalculator.Ihaveboughtthecalculatorforaweek.Ihavehadthecalculatorforaweek.e.g.Hehashadthewatchforamonth.Heboughtthewatchamonthago.Mybrotherhasbeeninthearmyforayear.Mybrotherjoinedthearmyoneyearago.但是：不可持續(xù)動詞的否定結構可以與”for+時間段”或since+時間點”連用。e.g.Ihaven’tmetmyteacherofEnglishforayear.Wehaven’tmeteachothersinceheleft.3)till/until用法可持續(xù)動詞+till/until:“某動作一直持續(xù)到…”not+不可持續(xù)動詞+till/until:“直到…才…”e.g.Iwillstayuntilhecomes.Iwon’tleaveuntilhecomes.V.現(xiàn)在完成時特例：Itis+時間段+since…e.g.Itistwodayssinceheleft.It