全國碩士研究生入學統(tǒng)一考試英語試題（2016年）

全國碩士研究生入學統(tǒng)一考試英語試題(2016年)UseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)InCambodiathechoiceofaspouseisacomplexonefortheyoungmale.Itmayinvolvenotonlyhisparentsandhisfriends,1thoseoftheyoungwomen,butalsoamatchmaker.Ayoungmancan2alikelyspouseonhisownandthemaskhisparentsto3themarriagenegotiations,ortheyoungman'sparentsmaymakethechoiceofaspouse,givingthechildlittletosayintheselection._4_,agirlmayvetothespouseherparentshavechosen.5aspousehasbeenselected,eachfamilyinvestigatestheothertomakesureitschildismarrying6agoodfamily.Thetraditionalweddingisalongandcolorfulaffair.Formerlyitlastedthreedays7bythe1980sitmorecommonlylastedadayandahalf.Buddhistpriestsofferashortsermonand8_prayersofblessing.Partsoftheceremonyinvolveritualhaircutting,9cottonthreadssoakedinholywateraroundthebride*sandgroom*swrists,and10acandlearoundacircleofhappilymarriedandrespectedcouplestoblessthej_l_.Newlywedstraditionallymoveinwiththewifeysparentsandmay12withthemuptoayear,13theycanbuildaflewhousenearby.Divorceislegalandeasyto14,butnotcommon.Divorcedpersonsare15withsomedisapproval.EachspouseretainsWpropertyheorshej_7intothemarriage,andjointly-acquiredpropertyis18equally.Divorcedpersonsmayremarry,butagenderprejudiceJ9up.Thedivorcedmaledoesn*thaveawaitingperiodbeforehecanremarry20thewomanmustwaitthemonths.1.[A]bywayof[B]aswellas[C]onbehalfof[DIwithregardto2.[A]adaptto[B]providefor[C]competewith[D]decideon3.[A]close[B]renew[C]arrange[D]postpone4.[A]Intheory[B]Aboveall[C]Intime[D]Forexample5.[AJAlthough[B]Lest[C]After[D]Unless6.[A]into[B]within[C]from[D]through7.[A]sineIB]or[C]but[D]so8.[A]test|B]copy[C]recite|D|create9.[A]folding[B]piling[C]wrapping[D]tying10.[A]lighting[B]passing[C]hiding[D]serving11.[A]meeting[B]association[C]collection[D]union12.[A]grow[B]part[C]deal[D]Iive13.[A]whereas[B]until[C]for[D]if14.[A]obtain[B]followIC]challenge[DJavoid15.[A]isolated[B]persuaded[C]viewed[D]exposed16.[A]wherever[B]however[C]whenever[D]whatever17.[A]changed|B]brought[C]sh叩ed[D]pushed18.[A]divided|B]invested[C]donated[D]withdrawn19.[A]clears[B]warms[C]shows|D]breaks20.[A]while[B]sowhat[C]once[D]inthatReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1France,whichpridesitselfastheglobalinnovatoroffashion,hasdecideditsfashionindustryhaslostanabsoluterighttodefinephysicalbeautyforwoman.Itslawmakersgavepreliminaryapprovallastweektoalawthatwouldmakeitacrimetoemployultra-thinmodelsonrunways.TheparliamentalsoagreedtobanwebsitesthatMinciteexcessivethinness,,bypromotingextremedieting.Suchmeasureshaveacoupleofupliftingmotives.Theysuggestbeautyshouldnotbedefinedbylooksthatendupwithimpingingonhealth.That*sastart.Andthebanonultra-thinmodelsseemstogobeyondprotectingmodelsfromstarringthemselvestohealth-assomehavedone.Ittellsthefashionindustrythatitmovetakeresponsibilityforthesignalitsendswomen,especiallyteenagegirls,aboutthesocialtape-measuretheymustusetodetenninetheirindividualworth.Thebans,iffullyenforced,wouldsuggesttowoman(andmanymen)thattheyshouldnotletothersbeorbitersoftheirbeauty.Andperhapsfaintly,theyhintthatpeopleshouldlooktointangiblequalitieslikecharacterandintellectratherthandietingtheirwaytosinezeroorwasp-waistphysiques.TheFrenchmeasures,however,relytoomuchonseverepunishmenttochangeaculturethatstillregardsbeautyasskin-deep-andbone-showing.Underthelaw,usingafashionmodelthatdoesnotmeetagovernment-definedindexofbodymesscouldresultina$85,000fineandsixmonthsinprison.Thefashionindustryknowsithasaninherentprobleminfocusingonmaterialadornmentandidealizedbodytypes.InDenmark,theUnitedStates,andafewothercountries,itistryingtosetvoluntarystandardformodelsandfashionimagesthererelymoreonpearpressureforenforcement.IncontrasttoFrance'sactions,Denmark'sfashionindustryagreedlastmonthonrulesandsanctionsregardingage,health,andothercharacteristicsofmodels.ThenewlyrevisedDanishFashionEthicalcharterclearlystates,weareawareofandtakeresponsibilityfortheimpactthefashionindustryhasonbodyideals,especiallyonyoungpeople.Thecharter*smaintollofenforcementistodenyaccessfordesignersandmodelingagenciestoCopenhagen.Fashionweek,whichismenbytheDanishFashionInstitute.Butingeneralitreliesonaname-and-shamemethodofcompliance.Relyingonethicalpersuasionratherthanlawtoaddressthemisuseofbodyidealsmaybethebeststep.Evenbetterwouldbetohelpelevatenotionsofbeautybeyondthematerialstandardsofaparticularindustry.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whatwouldhappeninFrance?PhysicalbeautywouldberedefinedNewrunwayswouldbeconstructedWebsitesaboutdietingwouldthriveThefashionindustrywoulddeclineThephraseuimpingingon”(Line2Para2)isclosestinmeaningtoheighteningthevalueof|B|indicatingthestateoflosingfaithindoingharmtoWhichofthefollowingistrueofthefashionindustryTheFrenchmeasureshavealreadyfailedNewstandardsarebeingsetinDenmarkModelsarenolongerunderpeerpressureItsinherentproblemsaregettingworseAdesignerismostlikelytoberejectedbyCFWfor[A]settingperfectphysicalconditions|B]caringtoomuchaboutmodels,character[C]showinglittleconcernforhealthfactors[DJpursuingahighagethresholdformodelsWhichofthefollowingmaybethebesttitleofthetext?AchallengetotheFashionIndustry'sBodyIdeals|B]ADilemmaforthestarvingmodelsinFranceJustAnotherRoundofstruggleforbeautyTheGreatThreatstotheFashionIndustryText2Forthefirsttimeinthehistorymorepeopleliveintownsthaninthecountry.InBritainthishashadacuriousresult.WhilepollsshowBritonsrateuthecountrysidealongsidetheroyalfamily.ShakespeareandtheNationalHealthService(NHS)aswhatmakethemproudestoftheircountry,thishaslimitedpoliticalsupport.AcenturyagoOctaviaHilllaunchedtheNationalTrustnottorescuestylishhousesbuttosaveathebeautyofnaturalplacesforeveryoneforever”.Itwasspecificallytoprovidecitydwellerswithspacesforleisurewheretheycouldexperience“arefreshingair”.Hill'spressurelaterledtothecreationofnationalparksandgreenbelts.Theydon'tmakecountrysideanymore,andeveryyearconcreteconsumesmoreofit.Itneedsconstantguardianship.Atthenextelectionnoneofthebigpartiesseemlikelytoendorsethissentiment.TheConservatives,planningreformexplicitlygivesruraldevelopmentpriorityoverconservation,evenauthorizing“off-plan”buildingwherelocalpeoplemightobject.Theconceptofsustainabledevelopmenthasbeendefinedasprofitable.Labourlikewisewantstodiscontinuelocalplanningwherecouncilsopposedevelopment.TheLiberalDemocratsaresilentonlyusensingitschance,hassideswiththosepleadingforamoreconsideredapproachtousinggreenland.ItscampaigntoprotectRuralEnglandstruckterrorintomanylocalconservativeparties.Thesensibleplacetobuildnewhousesfactoriesandofficesiswherepeopleareincitiesandtownswhereinfrastructureisinplace.TheLondonagentsStirlingAckroyedrecentlyidentifiedenoughsitesforhalfofmillionhousesintheLandonareaalonewithnointrusionongreenbelts.WhatistrueofLondoniseventrueroftheprovinces.Theideathatuhousingcrisis,,equalsuconcretedmeadowsnispurelobbytalk.Theissueisnottheneedfbrmorehousesbut,asalways,wheretoputthemunderlobbypressure,GeorgeOsbornefavoursruralnew-buildagainsturbanrenovationandrenewal.Hefavoursout-of-townshoppingsitesagainsthighstreets.Thisisnotafreemarketbutabiasedone.Ruraltownsandvillageshavegrownandwillalwaysgrow.Theydosobestwherebuildingstickstotheiredgesandrespectstheircharacter.Wedonotruinurbanconservationareas.Whyruinruralones?Developmentshouldbeplanned,notlettrip,AftertheNetherlands,BritainisEurope'smostcrowedcountry.Halfacenturyoftownandcountryplanninghasenableittoretainanenviableruralcoherence,whilestillpermittinglow-densityurbanliving.Thereisnodoubtofthealtemative-thecorruptedlandscapesofsouthernPortugal,SpainorIreland.Avoidingthisratherthanpromotingitshouldunitetheleftandrightofthepoliticalspectrum.Britain*spublicsentimentaboutthecountrysideisnotwellreflectedinpoliticsisfullybackedbytheroyalfamilydidn'tstartfilltheShakespeareanagehasbroughtmuchbenefittotheNHSAccordingtoparagraph2,theachievementsoftheNationalTrustarenowbeinglargelyovershadowedproperlyprotectedeffectivelyreinforcedgraduallydestroyedWhichofthefollowingcanbeofferedfromparagraph3LabourisunderattackforopposingdevelopmentTheConservativesmayabandonoff-plan“buildingUkipmaygainfromitssupportforruralconservationTheLiberalDemocratsarelosingpoliticalinfluenceTheauthorholdsthatGeorgeOsbornes'spreferenceshowshisdisregardforthecharacterofruralareastressesthenecessityofeasingthehousingcrisishighlightshisfirmstandagainstlobbypressurerevealsastrongprejudiceagainsturbanareasInthelastparagraphtheauthorshowhisappreciationofthesizeofpopulationinBritaintheenviableurbanlifestyleinBritainthetown-and-countryplanninginBritainthepoliticallifeintoday*sBritainText3aThereisoneandonlyonesocialresponsibilityofbusiness“wroteMiltonFriedman,aNobelPrize-winningeconomistuThatis,touseitsresourcesandengageinactivitiesdesignedtoincreaseitsprofits.nButevenifyouacceptFriedman'spremiseandregardcorporatesocialresponsibility(CSR)policiesasawasteofshareholders*smoney,thingsmaynotbeabsolutelyclear-act.NewresearchsuggeststhatCSRmaycreatemonetaryvalueforcompaniesatleastwhentheyareprosecutedforcorruption.ThelargestfirmsinAmericaandBritaintogetherspendmorethan$15billionayearonCSR,accordingtoanestimatebyEPG,aconsultingfirm.Thiscouldaddvaluetotheirbusinessesinthreeways.First,consumersmaytakeCSRspendingasa“signal”thatacompanyTsproductsareofhighquality.Second,customersmaybewillingtobuyacompany'sproductsasanindirectmaytodonatetothegoodcausesithelps.Andthird,throughamorediffuseuhaloeffectwherebyitsgooddeedsearnitgreaterconsiderationfromconsumersandothers.PreviousstudiesonCSRhavehadtroubledifferentiatingtheseeffectsbecauseconsumerscanbeaffectedbyallthree.ArecentstudyattemptstoseparatethembylookingatbriberyprosecutionsunderAmerican'sForeignCorruptPracticesAct(FCPA).Itarguesthatsinceprosecutorsdonotconsumeacompany'sproductsaspartoftheirinvestigations,theycouldbeinfluencedonlybythehaloeffect.Thestudyfoundthat,amongprosecutedfirms,thosewiththemostcomprehensiveCSRprogrammestendedtogetmorelenientpenalties.Theiranalysisruledoutthepossibilitythatitwasfirm,spoliticalinfluence,ratherthantheirCSRstand,thataccountedfortheleniency:Companiesthatcontributedmoretopoliticalcampaignsdidnotreceivelowerfines.Inall,thestudyconcludesthatwhereasprosecutorsshouldonlyevaluateacasebasedonitsmerits,theydoseemtobeinfluencedbyacompany'srecordinCSR."Weestimatethateithereliminatingasubstantiallabour-rightsconcern,suchaschildlabour,orincreasingcorporategivingbyabout20%resultinfinesthatgenerallyare40%lowerthanthetypicalpunishmentforbribingforeignofficials.vsaysoneresearcher.ResearchersadmitthattheirstudydoesnotanswerthequestionathowmuchbusinessesoughttospendonCSR.Nordoesitrevealhowmuchcompaniesarebankingonthehaloeffect,ratherthantheotherpossiblebenefits,whentheycompaniesgetintotroublewiththelaw,evidenceofgoodcharactercanwinthemalesscostlypunishment.TheauthorviewsMiltonFriedman'sstatementaboutCSRwith[AJuncertainty|B]skepticism[C]approval[D]toleranceAccordingtoParagraph2,CSRhelpsacompanyby[A]guardingitagainstmalpractices[B]protectingitfromconsumers[C]winningtrustfromconsumers.[DJraisingthequalityofitsproductsTheexpressionumorelenientM(line2,Para.4)isclosestinmeaningto[A]lesscontroversial[B]morelasting[C]moreeffective[D]lesssevereWhenprosecutorsevaluateacase,acompany'sCSRrecord[A]comesacrossasreliableevidence[B]hasanimpactontheirdecision[C]increasesthechanceofbeingpenalized[D]constitutespartoftheinvestigationWhichofthefollowingistrueofCSRaccordingtothelastparagraph?[A]Thenecessaryamountofcompaniesspendingonitisunknown|B]Companies,financialcapacityforithasbeenoverestimated[C]Itsnegativeeffectsonbusinessesareoftenoverlooked[D]IthasbroughtmuchbenefittothebankingindustryText4TherewilleventuallycomeadaywhenTheNewYorkTimesceasestopublishstoriesonnewsprint.Exactlywhenthatdaywillbeisamatterofdebate."Sometimeinthefuture,Mthepaper,spublishersaidbackin2010.Nostalgiaforinkonpaperandtherustleofpagesaside,there'splentyofincentivetoditchprint.Theinfrastructurerequiredtomakeaphysicalnewspaper-printingpresses,deliverytrucks-isn,tjustexpensive;it,sexcessiveatatimewhenonline-onlycompetitorsdon'lhavethesamesetoffinancialconstraints.Readersaremigratingawayfromprintanyway.Andthoughprintadsalesstilldwarftheironlineandmobilecounterparts,revenuefromprintisstilldeclining.Overheadmaybehighandcirculationlower,butrushingtoeliminateitsprinteditionwouldbeamistake,saysBuzzFeedCEOJonahPeretti.PerettisaystheTimesshouldn'twastetimegettingoutoftheprintbusiness,butonlyiftheygoaboutdoingittherightway.aFiguringoutawaytoacceleratethattransitionwouldmakesenseforthem,Mhesaid,“butifyoudiscontinueit,you'regoinghaveyourmostloyalcustomersreallyupsetwithyou."SometimesthatTsworthmakingachangeanyway.PerettigivestheexampleofNetflixdiscontinuingitsDVD-mailingservicetofocusonstreaming."Ilwasseenasblunder,“hesaid.Themoveturnedouttobeforesighted.AndifPerettiwereinchargeattheTimes?”Iwouldn'tpickayeartoendprint,whesaid“Iwouldraisepricesandmakeitintomoreofalegacyproduct.Themostloyalcustomerswouldstillgettheproducttheyfavor,theideagoes,andthey'dfeelliketheywerehelpingsustainthequalityofsomethingtheybelievein."Soifyou*reoverpayingforprint,youcouldfeellikeyouwerehelping,“Perettisaid."Thenincreaseitatahigherrateeachyearandessentiallytrytogenerateadditionalrevenue.nInotherwords,ifyou'regoingtomakeaprintproduct,makeitforthepeoplewhoarealreadyobsessedwithit.WhichmaybewhattheTimesisdoingalready.Gettingtheprinteditionsevendaysaweekcostsnearly$500ayear-morethantwiceasmuchasadigital-onlysubscription."Il'sareallyhardthingtodoanditJsatremendousluxurythatBuzzFeeddoesn'lhavealegacybusiness,MPerettiremarked."Butwe,regoingtohavequestionslikethatwherewehavethingswe'redoingthatdon'tmakesensewhenthemarketchangesandtheworldchanges.Inthosesituations,it'sbettertobemoreaggressivethatlessaggressive.MTheNewYorkTimesisconsideringendingit'sprinteditionpartlyduetotheincreasingonlineandsales|B]thepressurefromitsinvestorsthecomplaintsfromitsreadersthehighcostofoperationPerettisuggeststhatinfaceofthepresentsituation.TheTimesshouldmakestrategicadjustmentsendtheprintseditionforgoodseeknewsourcesofleadershipaimforefficientmanagementItcanbeinferredfromparagraphs5and6thata”legacyproductnhelpsrestorethegloryofformertimesismeantforthemostloyalcustomerswillhavethecostofprintingreducedexpandsthepopularityofthepaperPerettibelievesthatinachangingworld[AJtraditionalluxuriescanstayunaffectedcautiousnessfacilitatesproblem-solvingaggressivenessbettermeetschallengeslegacybusinessesarebecomingoutdatedwhichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleofthetext?shifttoonlinenewspapersallatonceCherishtheNewspapersstillinYourHandkeepYourNewspapersForeverinFashionMakeYourprintNewspapersaluxuryGoodPartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachofthenumberedparagraphs(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadings.MarkyouranswersontheANSERSHEET.(10point)CreateanewimageofyourselfDecideifthetimeisrightHaveconfidenceinyourself[DJUnderstandthecontext[E]Workwithprofessionals[FJMakeitefficient[G]KnowyourgoalsNomatterhowformalorinformaltheworkenvironment,thewayyoupresentyourselfhasanimpact.Thisisespeciallytrueinthefirstimpressions.AccordingtoresearchfromPrincetonUniversity,peopleassessyourcompetence,trustworthiness,andlikeabilityinjustatenthofasecond,solelybasedonthewayyoulook.Thedifferencebetweentoday*sworkplaceandtheudressforsuccessMeraisthattherangeofoptionsissomuchbroader.Normshaveevolvedandfragmented.Insomesettings,redsneakersordressT-shirtscanconveystatus;inothernotsomuch.Plus,whateverimagewepresentismagnifiedbysocial-mediaserviceslikeLinkedln.Chancesare,yourheadshotsareseenmuchmoreoftennowthanadecadeortwoago.Millennials,itseems,facetheparadoxofbeingtheleastformalgenerationyetthemostconsciousofstyleandpersonalbranding.Itcanbeconfusing.Sohowdowenavigatethis?Howdoweknowwhentoinvestinanupgrade?Andwhat*sthebestwaytopulloffonethanenhancesourgoals?Herearesometips:41 Asanexecutivecoach,I'veseenimageupgradesbeparticularhelpfulduringtransitions-whenlookingforanewjob,steppingintoanewormorepublicrole,orchangingworkenvironments.Ifyou'reinaperiodofchangeorjustfeelingstuckandinarut,nowmaybeagoodtime.Ifyou'renotsure,askforhonestfeedbackfromtrustedfriends,colleaguesandprofessionals.Lookforcuesabouthowothersperceiveyou.Maybethere*snoneedforanupgradeandthat'sOK42 Getclearonwhatimpactyou'rehopingtohave.Areyoulookingtorefreshyourimageorpivotit?Foroneperson,thegoalmaybetobetakenmoreseriouslyandenhancetheirprofessionalimage.Foranother,itmaybetobeperceivedasmoreapproachable,ormoremodemandstylish.Forsomeonemovingfromfinancetoadvertising,maybetheywanttolookmore"SoHo."(It'sOKtousecharacterizationslikethat)43 Lookatyourworkenvironmentlikeananthropologist.Whatarethenormsofyourenvironment?Whatconveysstatus?Whoareyourmostimportantaudiences?Howdothepeopleyourespectandlookuptopresentthemselves?Thebetteryouunderstandtheculturalcontext,themorecontrolyoucanhaveoveryourimpact.44 Enlistthesupportofprofessionalsandsharewiththemyourgoalsandcontext.Hireapersonalstylist,orusethefreestylingserviceofastorelikeJ.Crew.Tryahairstylistinsteadofabarber.Workwithaprofessionalphotographerinsteadofyourspouseorfriend.It'snotasexpensiveasyoumightthink.45 Thepointofastyleupgradeisn'ttobecomemorevainortospendmoretimefussingoverwhattowear.Instead,useitasanopportunitytoreducedecisionfatigue.Pickastandardworkuniformorafewgo-tooptions.Buyallyourclothesatoncewithastylistinsteadofshoppingalone,onearticleofclothingatatime.PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Mentalhealthisourbirthright.(46)wedon'thavetolearnhowtobementallyhealthy,itisbuiltintousinthesamewaythatourbodiesknowhowtohealacutormend,abrokenbone.Mentalhealthcan'tbelearned,onlyreawakened.Itislikeimmunesystemofthebody,whichunderstressorthroughlackofnutritionorexercisecanbeweakened,butwhichneverleavesus.Whenwedon'tunderstandthevalueofmentalhealthandwedon'tknowhowtogainaccesstoit,mentalhealthwillremainhiddenfromus.(47)Ourmentalhealthdoesn'tgoanywhere;likethesunbehindacloud,itcanbetemporarilyhiddenfromview,butitisfullycapableofbeingrestoredinaninstant.Mentalhealthistheseedthatcontainsself-esteem-confidenceinourselvesandanabilitytotrustinourcommonsense.Itallowsustohaveperspectiveonourlives-theabilitytonottakeourselvestooseriously,tolaughatourselves,toseethebiggerpicture,andtoseethatthingswillworkout.ItTsaformofinnateorunlearnedoptimism.(48)Mentalhealthallowsustoviewotherswithsympathyiftheyarehavingtroubles,withkindnessiftheyareinpain,andwithunconditionallovenomatterwhotheyare.Mentalhealthisthesourceofcreativityforsolvingproblems,resolvingconflict,makingoursurroundingsmorebeautiful,managingourhomelife,orcomingupwithacreativebusinessideaorinventiontomakeourliveseasier.Itgivesuspatiencefbrourselves.Andtowardothersaswellaspatiencewhiledriving,catchingafish,workingonourcar,orraisingachild.Itallowsustoseethebeautythatsurroundsuseachmomentinnature,inculture,intheflowofourdailylives.(49)Althoughmentalhealthisthecure-allforlivingourlives,itisperfectingordinaryasyouwillseethatithasbeentheretodirectyouthroughallyourdifficultdecisions.Ithasbeenavailableeveninthemostmundaneoflifesituationstoshowyourightfromwrong,goodfrombad,friendfromfoe.Mentalhealthhascommonlybeencalledconscience,instinct,wisdom,commonsense,ortheinnervoice,wethinkofitsimplyasahealthandhelpfulflowofintelligentthought.(50)Asyouwillcometosee,knowingthatmentalhealthisalwaysavailableandknowingtotrustitallowustoslowdowntothemomentandlivelifehappily.Section111WritingPartADirections:Supposeyouarealibrarianinyouruniversity.Writeanoticeofabout100words.Providingthenewly-enrolledinternationalstudentswithrelevantinformationaboutthelibrary.YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.Donotsignyourownnameattheendofthenotice.UseLiMinginstead.Donotwritetheaddress.(10points)PartBDirections:Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingpicturesInyouressay,youshoulddescribethepicturesbrieflyinteq)retthemeaning,andgiveyourcommentsYoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(20points)Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.UseLiMinginstead.Donotwritetheaddress.(10points)“其只提饕求，不如做個刷料2015年全國碩士研究生入學考試英語一試題SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Wehavemoregenesincommonwithpeoplewepicktobeourfriendsthanwithstrangers.Thoughnotbiologicallyrelated,friendsareas"related"asfourthcousins,sharingabout1%ofgenes.Thatis]_astudypublishedfromtheUniversityofCaliforniaandYaleUniversityintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,has2.Thestudyisagenome-wideanalysisconducted31932uniquesubjectswhich4_pairsofunrelatedfriendsandunrelatedstrangers.Thesamepeoplewereusedinboth5.While1%mayseem6,itisnotsotoageneticist.Asco-authorofthestudyJamesFowler,professorofmedicalgeneticsatUCSanDiegosays,“Mostpeopledonoteven7theirfourthcousinsbutsomehowmanagetoselectasfriendsthepeoplewho8ourkin.”Theteam9developeda"friendshipscore"whichcanpredictwhowillbeyourfriendbasedontheirgenes.Thestudyalsofoundthatthegenesforsmellweresomethingsharedinfriendsbutnotgenesforimmunity.Whythissimilarityinolfactorygenesisdifficulttoexplain,fornow.10,astheteamsuggests,itdrawsusllsimilarenvironmentsbutthereismoretoit.Therecouldbemanymechanismsworkingintandemthat12usinchoosinggeneticallysimilarfriends13Afunctionalkinship"ofbeingfriendswith14!Oneoftheremarkablefindingsofthestudywasthatthesimilargenesseemtobeevolving15thanothergenes.Studyingthiscouldhelp16whyhumanevolutionpickedpaceinthelast30,000years,withsocialenvironmentbeingamajor17factor.Thefindingsdonotsimplycorroboratepeople's18tobefriendthoseofsimilaret19backgrounds,saytheresearchers.ThoughallthesubjectsweredrawnfromapopulationofEuropeanextraction,carewastakento20thatallsubjects,friendsandstrangersweretakenfromthesamepopulation.Theteamalsocontrolledthedatatocheckancestryofsubjects.14L[A]when[B]why[C]how[D]what2.|A|defended|B]concluded[C|withdrawn|D|advised3.[A]for[B]with[C]on[D]by4.[A]compared[B]sought[C]separated[D]connected5.[A]tests[B]objects[C]samples[D]examples6.[A]insignificant|B|unexpected|C]unreliable|D|incredible7.[A]visit[B]miss[C]seek[D]know8.[A]resemble[B]influence|C|favor|D]surpass9.[A]again[B]also[C]instead[D]thus1O.|A|Meanwhile|B]Furthermore|C]Likewise|D]Perhaps1l.[A]about[B]to[C]from[D]like12.|A|drive[B)observe|C|confuse|D]limit13.[A]accordingto[B]ratherthan[C]regardlessof[D]alongwith14.|A]chances|B]responses|C|missions|D|benefits15.[A]later[B]slower[C]faster[D]earlier16.|A]forecast|B|remember|C|understand|D|express17.[A]unpredictable[B]contributory[C]controllable[D]disruptive18.|A|endeavor|B]decision|C|arrangement|D|tendency19.[A]political[B]religious[C]ethnic[D]economic20.[A]see[B]show[C]prove[D]tellSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfour