規(guī)則動(dòng)詞與不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞

規(guī)則動(dòng)詞與不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞規(guī)則動(dòng)詞與不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞規(guī)則動(dòng)詞與不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞xxx公司規(guī)則動(dòng)詞與不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞文件編號(hào)：文件日期：修訂次數(shù)：第1.0次更改批準(zhǔn)審核制定方案設(shè)計(jì)，管理制度規(guī)則動(dòng)詞與不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞英語(yǔ)中大部分都是規(guī)則動(dòng)詞。規(guī)則動(dòng)詞都以加-ed詞尾的方式構(gòu)成過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞；又以加-ing詞尾的方式構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在分詞?，F(xiàn)在式ListenTreatWishDiscuss過(guò)去式ListenedTreatedWishedDiscussed過(guò)去分詞ListenedTreatedWishedDiscussed現(xiàn)在分詞ListeningTreatingwishingdiscussing但在加-ed及-ing詞尾時(shí)要注意：若以字母e結(jié)尾:：去式及過(guò)去分詞只需加-d；而現(xiàn)在分詞則要除去e加上-ing（雙e結(jié)尾的除外）。Love→loved→lovingacknowledge→acknowledged→acknowledginglive→lived→livingplease→pleased→pleasing2．“輔音+y”結(jié)尾：過(guò)去式及過(guò)去分詞應(yīng)先變y為i，再加-ed；現(xiàn)在分詞只加-ing。study→studied→studyingtry→tried→tryingfry→fried→frying3．“元音字母+一個(gè)輔音字母”結(jié)尾，該音節(jié)又重讀者，末尾輔音字母要雙寫-e，再加上-ed或-ing。plan→planned→planningbeg→begged→beggingprefer→preferred→preferringpermit→permitted→permitting在其他情況下都直接加-ed或-ing：Play→played→playing（雖以y結(jié)尾，但前面是元音字母a）Pack→packed→packing（末尾是兩個(gè)輔音字母，因此不需雙寫）repeat→repeated→repeating（輔音字母前是兩個(gè)元音字母，因此輔音字母無(wú)需雙寫）open→opened→opening（后面音節(jié)不重讀，因此末尾輔音字母也不需雙寫）4．“一個(gè)元音字母+L”結(jié)尾的詞，英國(guó)人雙寫，美國(guó)人不雙寫：travel→travelled→travelling（英）travel→traveled→traveling（美）cancel→cancelled→cancelling（英）cancel→canceled→canceling（美）5．若“L”前面有兩個(gè)元音字母，L則一概不雙寫：reveal→revealed→revealing（英、美）appeal→appealed→appealing（英、美）6．另有少數(shù)特殊的詞，盡管末尾音節(jié)不重讀，末尾輔音字母在英國(guó)仍然雙寫：Worship→worshipped→worshipping（英）worship→worshiped→worshiping（美）Kidnap→kidnapped→kidnapping（英）kidnap→kidnaped→kidnaping（美）program→programmed（英）program→programed（美國(guó)有時(shí)用此拼法）7．以“X”結(jié)尾的詞，X不雙寫：tax→taxed→taxingmix→mixed→mixing在英語(yǔ)中，有些詞在加-ed/-ing時(shí)，其末尾字母需要雙寫。常見(jiàn)的有下面這些：abetbegcompeldipemitflaghopknitmugabhorblotconferdistilenrolgethugknotnagacquitbragcontroldotenthralgrinhumlagnetadmitbrimcramdragequipgripincurlognipallotchatcropdropexcelgroginstilmannodbanchopdamdrumexpelgunjammaroccurbarclapdeferdubfanhandicapjogmobomitbatcommitdeterembedfithemjotmopoutwitpadplugscanpatpopscarpatrolpropscarppenpropelscrubpinrebelshippitrebutshopplanrecapshredplodrefershrugshunslapstabstuntransfertripsinslipstarsubmittransmittrotsipslopstemsunthrobvetskidslotstepswaptipwagskimsnapstirtagtopwrapskinsobstoptantrapskipspotstraptaptrekslamsquatstripthintrim另外，下面的詞在加-ed和-ing時(shí)，在英國(guó)英語(yǔ)中末尾的字母要雙寫，而在美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中卻不一定雙寫：CanceldialequalhiccupinitialkidnaplabellevelMarvelmodelpanelpedalpencilprogramquarrelrefuelRevelrivalshovelshrivelspiralstenciltotaltravelTunnelunravelworship不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞數(shù)目雖然有限，但大多數(shù)是常用動(dòng)詞，例如：Beat→beat→beatenbecome→became→becomebegin→began→begunblow→blew→blownbreak→broke→brokenbring→brought→broughtbuild→built→builtburst→burst→burstbuy→bought→boughtcatch→caught→caughtchoose→chose→chosencome→came→comecost→cost→costdig→dug→dugdo→did→donedraw→drew→drawndrink→drank→drunkdrive→drove→driveneat→eat→eatenfall→fell→fallenfeel→felt→feltfind→found→foundfly→flew→flownforget→forgot→forgotenforgive→forgave→forgivenfreeze→froze→frizenget→got→gotgive→gave→givengo→went→gonegrow→grew→grownhave→had→hadhear→heard→heardhide→hid→hiddenhit→hit→hithold→held→heldhurt→hurt→hurtkeep→kept→keptknow→knew→knownlay→laid→laidlead→led→ledleave→left→leftlend→lent→lentlet→let→letlie→lay→lainlose→lost→lostmake→made→mademean→meant→meantmeet→met→metpay→paid→paidput→put→putread→read→readride→rode→riddenring→rang→rungrise→rose→risenrun→ran→runsay→said→saidsee→saw→seensell→sold→soldsend→sent→sentset→set→setshake→shook→shakenshine→shone→shoneshoot→shot→shotshow→showed→shownshut→shut→shutsing→sang→sungsink→sank→sunksit→sat→satsleep→slept→sleptspeak→spoke→spokenspend→spent→spentspin→span→spunspread→spread→spreadspring→sprang→sprungstand→stood→stoodsteal→stole→stolenstick→stuck→stuckstrike→struck→struckswim→swam→swumtake→took→takenteach→taught→taughttear→tore→torntell→told→toldthink→thought→thoughtthrow→threw→thrownwake→woke→wakenwear→wore→wornweep→wept→weptwin→won→wonwrite→wrote→writtenunderstand→understood→understood這里面有些詞有兩種拼法，例如：英國(guó)拼法美國(guó)拼法burn→burnt→burntburn→burned→burneddream→dreamt→dreamtdream→dreamed→dreamedlean→leant→leantlean→leaned→leanedleap→leapt→leaptleap→leaped→leapedlearn→learnt→learntlearn→learned→learnedsmell→smelt→smeltsmell→smelled→smelledspell→spelt→speltspell→spelled→spelledspill→spilt→spiltspill→spilled→spilledspoil→spoilt→spoiltspoil→spoiled→spoiled現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成法現(xiàn)在分詞一般由動(dòng)詞原形加-ing構(gòu)成，如：go→goingstand→standingask→askinganswer→answeringstudy→studyingbe→being但在下列情況下，拼寫應(yīng)作相應(yīng)變化：以不發(fā)音的-e結(jié)尾是動(dòng)詞，須去掉e再加-ing。如：come→comingwrite→writingtake→takingbecome→becoming但當(dāng)將-e去掉會(huì)引起發(fā)音變化時(shí)，最后的-e就應(yīng)保留。如：agree→agreeingsinge→singeing另外，-e前為元音是，-e也應(yīng)保留。如：canoe→canoeing動(dòng)詞是閉音節(jié)的單音節(jié)詞，或是以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的多音節(jié)詞，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母是，這個(gè)輔音字母須雙寫，再加-ing。如：sit→sittingbegin→beginningrun→runningadmit→admittingstop→stoppingforget→forgetting少數(shù)幾個(gè)以-ie結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)動(dòng)詞，須變ie為y，再加-ing。如：die→dyingtie→tyinglie→lying-s詞尾的加法在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中，如果主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)，則動(dòng)詞一般需加-s詞尾，如：Sheworksinacomputercompany.她在電腦公司工作。Hegivesmealotofhelp.他給我許多幫助。一般情況下都直接加-s：comeslivesplayslistens因此在使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)時(shí)要經(jīng)常注意在第三人稱單數(shù)動(dòng)詞后加-s詞尾。在加-s詞尾時(shí)要注意下面兩點(diǎn)：在以ch，sh，s，x或o結(jié)尾的詞后面要加-es：teach→teachescatch→catcheswish→wisheswash→washesmiss→missesguess→guessesmix→mixesfix→fixesgo→goesdo→does以“輔音+y”結(jié)尾的詞，先變y為i再加-es:try→triesstudy→studiesreply→repliesfly→flies在加-s詞尾時(shí)，讀音有許多值得注意的地方：在/p/，/t/，/k/，/f/等清輔音后面，-s讀作/s/：Helpshopesletsgetsasksthinkslaughscoughs在/s/，/z/，/∫/，/t∫/，/d3/等音后-s或-es讀作/iz/：Guessesstressesrisespleaseswashesbrushesteachescatchesurgeswages在其他情況下都讀作/z/：comesgoesseesbringsreadsliesshowsbeginsforgives動(dòng)詞的緊縮形式主要的緊縮形式如下：Iam→I’mYouare→you’reHeis→he’sSheis→she’sItis→it’sWeare→we’reTheyare→they’reThereis→there’sThereare→there’reHereis→here’sThatis→that’sIhave→I’veYouhave→you’veHehas→he’sShehas→she’sWehave→we’veTheyhave→they’veWhohas→who’sIhad→I’dIshall/will→I’llYouwill→you’llHewill→he’llShewill→she’llWeshall/will→we’llTheywill→they’llIwou