考研考博-英語-成都航空職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-成都航空職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingintoChinese.

WhileitistruethatAmericansbelievethatclimbingtheeducationalladderleadstosuccess,theyarelesscertainthatintellectualachievement,whichisthemainpurposeoftheschools,istheonlyimportantfactorleadingtosuccess.Acompetitive-evenaggressive-personalityisseenasimportanttosuccess,especiallyinmen.Thedevelopmentofsocialandpoliticalskillsarealsoconsideredtobeveryimportant.

TohelpAmericanstodeveloptheseotherimportantskills,schoolshaveaddedalargenumberofextracurricularactivitiestodailylifeatschool.Thisisespeciallytrueofhighschoolsandcollegesbutextendsdownintoelementaryschoolsaswell.

Athletics,frequentlycalled"competitivesports",areperhapsthemostimportantoftheseactivities.Football,basketball,andbaseballteamsareseenasveryimportantinstudents,particularlyboys,the"winningspirit".Attimes,athleticteamsseemtobecomemoreimportanttosomestudentsandtheirparentsthanacademicprogramsofferedbytheschools.

【答案】盡管美國人的確認(rèn)為教育是通向成功的階梯，但他們并不確定，作為學(xué)校教育主要目的的知識成就是通向成功的唯一重要因素。人們認(rèn)為爭強(qiáng)好勝甚至帶有侵略性的個(gè)性，對取得成功很重要，特別是對男人而言。社交能力和政治技能的培養(yǎng)也非常重要。

為了幫助美國人培養(yǎng)這些另外的重要技能，學(xué)校在日常生活中增加了大量課外活動。高中和大學(xué)尤其如此，而且也延伸到了小學(xué)。

田徑運(yùn)動，常被稱為“競技體育”，可能是這些活動中最重要的。足球、籃球和棒球隊(duì)對學(xué)生，尤其是男生來說，被視為非常重要的“求勝精神”。有時(shí)，對于一些學(xué)生和家長來說，運(yùn)動隊(duì)似乎比學(xué)校提供的學(xué)術(shù)課程更為重要。

2.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Intheevenings,theygotothemall.Onceaweekormore.Sometimes,theyevenleavethedinnerdishesinthesinksotheywillhaveenoughtimetofinishalltheerrands.Thefathernevercomes—hehatesshopping,especiallywithhiswife.Instead,hestaysathometoreadthepaperandputaroundhisstudy.Todothingsthattheotherdadsmustbedoingintheevenings.Tosummonthesandtocomerushinginandpluguphisearswithitsroaringsilence.

Meanwhile,themotherarmsherselfwithreturnsfromthelasttrip.HertwoyoungdaughtersforgetgamesofflashlighttagorfavoriteTVshowsandstrapontennisshoesandseatbelts:andthey’reoff.Onsummernights,whenit’slightuntilafterthefirefliesarrive,theairisheavyandmoist.Thedaughtersunrolltheirwindowsandstickthewholeoftheirheadsoutintotheslatebluesky,feelingfullforcethesweaty,honeysuckleair.Inthecoldmall,theirrubbersolessqueakonshinylinoleumsquares.Theyoungerdaughtertriesnottosteponanycracks.Theolderdaughterkeepsastraight-aheadgaze;hersulleneyescountdowneacherrandasit’sdone.

Itisnotuntilthethirdor,onagoodnight,thefourtherrandthatthetroublebegins.Thegirlshavewanderedovertoexaminerainbowbeachtowels,perhaps,orsomekindofpinkruffledbedspread.Themother’svoicefindsthemfromafewaislesaway.

Dinnersquirmsinthedaughters’stomachs.Nowcomesthatwhat-if-I-threw-up-right-this-second?Orwhere-is-a-rabbit-hole-for-me-to-fall-into?feelingthattheygetaroundthistimeofevening,atthemall.Theolderoneshakesherponytailsattheyoungerone.Herblueeyeshissthecareful-don’t-crywarning,buttheyoungerone’scheeksonlygetredder.Toebytoe,thedaughtersedgetowardshousewareswheretheyfingerlaceplacematsortracepatternsinthestorecarpetwithsneakeredsoles.Themother’svoicestillfindsthem,shakingwithrage.Finally,heelsslappinginhersandals,shestridestowardsthemandthenkeepsgoing.Theyfollow,catchingherword-trail,“Stupidpeople.Stupid,stupid,stupid.IHATEstupidpeople.”It’sthelittleskipsbetweenstepstheyoungeronetakestokeepupwithhermother’stong,angrylegs.It’sthecardoorslammingandtheseatbeltbuckleyankedintoplace.It’sthosethingsthattellthedaughtershowthenextfewhourswillgo.

Inthecar,theolderonesighsandgrindsherbackteeth.Theyoungeronefeelsherfacegethotterandhereyesstarttoswell.Shestaresatanicecreamstainonthebackofthefrontseatandseesapony,aflower,andafairyinthatsplashofchocolatemintchip.Themotherbeginsonbothatonce.“Andwhenwegethome,ifyourshoesarestillintheTVroom,I’mthrowingthemout.Sameforbooks.Nomoreshithouse.Nomorelazy,ungratefulkids.”AndsoonandsoonthroughtheblackvelvetskyandacrosstheHersheybarroads.Onintothehousewithaslaportwo.“You’llbehappywhenI’minmygrave,”wailsatthemastheyputontheirnightgownsandbrushtheirteeth.Theolderonesetsastonejawandtheyoungeronetriesnottosobassheopenswide,engulfinghersmallhandandscrubbingeachandeverymolar.

Thefatherisnotspared.Thevolcanicmothersavessomeupjustforhim.“Fuckinglousyhusband.Do-nothingfather.”Andonlikethatforanhourorsomore.Theninthedarkestpartofthenight,it’sbarefeetandcoolhandsonasmallsweatyforehead.Kissesandcaressesand“SorryMomgotalittlemad.”Promisesforthatpinkruffledbedspreadormaybeanewstuffedanimal.Longfingersrakethroughtheyoungerone’scurls.“Tomorrowevening,we’llgetyousomekindoftreat.Rightafterdinner,we’llgotothemall.”

1.Fromthefirstparagraph,wegettheimpressionthat（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,thetwodaughterseemto（）.

3.Theword“squirms”inthefourthparagraphprobablymeans（）.

4.WhichofthefollowingadjectivesdoseNOTdescribethemother?

5.Whichcategoryofwritingdoesthetextbelongto?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thefatherisinert

B.theirlifeisbustling

C.theeveningareexciting

D.themotherisconstantlynagging

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.enjoytheevening’sshoppinginthebeginning

B.bereluctanttorunerrandswiththemother

C.enjoybrowsingvariouskindofitems

D.begladtohelptheirmotherwithhousework.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.moves

B.squirts

C.wriggles

D.digests

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Irritable

B.Remorseful

C.Amiable

D.Discontented

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Narration

B.Description

C.Persuasion

D.Exposition

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段Intheevenings,theygotothemall.Onceaweekormore.Sometimes,theyevenleavethedinnerdishesinthesinksotheywillhaveenoughtimetofinishalltheerrands.（晚上，他們?nèi)ベ徫镏行?。一周一次或更多。有時(shí)，他們甚至把晚餐的碗碟放在水槽里，這樣他們就有足夠的時(shí)間完成所有的差事）可以得知B選項(xiàng)“他們的生活是忙碌的”正確，他們?nèi)ベ徫镏行倪€需要擠時(shí)間，代表他們的生活是忙碌的；根據(jù)題干可以定位到第一段Thefathernevercomes—hehatesshopping,especiallywithhiswife.Instead,hestaysathometoreadthepaperandputaroundhisstudy.Todothingsthattheotherdadsmustbedoingintheevenings.（父親從不來——他討厭購物，尤其是和妻子一起。相反，他待在家里看報(bào)紙，在他的書房周圍。做其他爸爸晚上必須做的事情）可以得知A選項(xiàng)“父親是懶惰的”錯(cuò)誤，根據(jù)這些內(nèi)容我們只能判斷出父親不喜歡購物，無法判斷出父親是否懶惰；C選項(xiàng)以及D選項(xiàng)未在第一段內(nèi)提及。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第二句Nowcomesthatwhat-if-I-threw-up-right-this-second?Orwhere-is-a-rabbit-hole-for-me-to-fall-into?feelingthattheygetaroundthistimeofevening,atthemall.（現(xiàn)在，在她們晚上閑逛商場的時(shí)候，出現(xiàn)了“如果我現(xiàn)在就吐出來”嗎?還是“哪里有讓我掉進(jìn)的兔子洞?”的感覺）可以判斷出B選項(xiàng)“不愿意和母親一起跑腿”正確；根據(jù)第二段第二句HertwoyoungdaughtersforgetgamesofflashlighttagorfavoriteTVshowsandstrapontennisshoesandseatbelts:andthey’reoff.（她的兩個(gè)年幼的女兒忘記了手電筒標(biāo)簽游戲或最喜歡的電視節(jié)目，系上網(wǎng)球鞋和安全帶：然后她們就出發(fā)了）以及最后一句Theolderdaughterkeepsastraight-aheadgaze;hersulleneyescountdowneacherrandasit’sdone.（大女兒直視著前方；每做完一件事，她就用陰沉的眼睛數(shù)著）可以得知A選項(xiàng)“一開始就享受晚上的購物”和C選項(xiàng)“享受瀏覽各種各樣的商品”錯(cuò)誤；D選項(xiàng)在文章內(nèi)沒有提到；因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】語義推測題。A選項(xiàng)“移動；感動”；B選項(xiàng)“噴射，噴出，擠”；C選項(xiàng)“扭動；蠕動”；D選項(xiàng)“消化；吸收”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵字squirms可以定位到第四段Dinnersquirmsinthedaughters’stomachs.Nowcomesthatwhat-if-I-threw-up-right-this-second?（晚餐在女兒們的胃里蠕動著。現(xiàn)在感受到了“如果我現(xiàn)在就吐出來”嗎?）可以推測squirms是蠕動的意思，因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段Thefatherisnotspared.Thevolcanicmothersavessomeupjustforhim.“Fuckinglousyhusband.Do-nothingfather.”Andonlikethatforanhourorsomore.Theninthedarkestpartofthenight,it’sbarefeetandcoolhandsonasmallsweatyforehead.Kissesandcaressesand“SorryMomgotalittlemad.”（父親沒有幸免。易怒的母親轉(zhuǎn)而對父親生氣：“他媽的糟糕的丈夫。懶惰的父親。”就這樣持續(xù)了一個(gè)多小時(shí)。然后，在夜晚最黑暗的時(shí)候，她會光著腳，用涼的手捂著孩子那布滿汗珠的小前額。親吻、愛撫，并說道：“對不起，媽媽有點(diǎn)生氣了?！保┑弥狝選項(xiàng)“易怒的”，B選項(xiàng)“懊悔的”以及D選項(xiàng)“不滿的”可描述母親，而C選項(xiàng)“和藹可親的”不可，因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】判斷推理題。Narration即記敘文，把人物的經(jīng)歷和事物的發(fā)展變化過程表達(dá)出來的一種表達(dá)方式。它是寫作中最基本、最常見，也是最主要的表達(dá)方式，記敘文有六要素：人物、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、事件的起因、經(jīng)過和結(jié)果；Description即描述文，是對人物的外貌、動作，事物的性質(zhì)、形態(tài)和景物的狀貌、變化所作的具體刻畫和生動描??；Persuasion不屬于表達(dá)方式；Exposition即說明文，是用簡明的語言、客觀而準(zhǔn)確地解說事物或闡述事理的一種表達(dá)方式；本文不屬于說明文，也沒有記敘文的六要素，屬于描述文，通過文章描述了一位暴躁易怒又容易懊悔的母親的形象，以及一個(gè)壓抑的家庭。因?yàn)锽選項(xiàng)正確。

3.翻譯題

1.中國是世界上的發(fā)明大國，但是很多發(fā)明無法走出實(shí)驗(yàn)室，歸根結(jié)底是資金問題。

2.當(dāng)然我們還應(yīng)該充分意識到，大熊貓生存的主要威脅不是來自于大熊貓的繁殖能力，而是來自于人類對大熊貓自然生態(tài)環(huán)境的破壞。

3.他飲他的花酒，我喝我的清茶。人生需要一種境界：自我安定。

4.自幼來自農(nóng)村且深受“誰知盤中餐，粒粒皆辛苦”陶冶的我，是斷然不肯將能吃的剩菜倒掉的。

5.太多的醫(yī)學(xué)和研究生教育把學(xué)生禁閉在黑暗的房間里，使他們成為被強(qiáng)迫灌輸信息的笨人。

【答案】1.China,oneoftheworld'sleadinginnovators,findsitselfintheawkwardsituationofbeingunabletogetmanyofitsinventionsoutofthelabs,whichcomesdowntotheproblemoffunding.

2.Ofcourse,weshouldalsobefullyawarethatthemainthreattothesurvivalofthepandaspeciescomesnotfromthepoorpropagationofthespecies,butfrommankind’sdestructionofpandas'naturalhabitat.

3.Life,itseemstome,needsaplacidityofmind.Whileothersmaybewininganddining,I'mcontentwithplaintea.

4.Borninthecountrysideandalwaystaughttobelieveprofoundlyintheneedto“treasureeachandeverygrainofriceinthebowl”，Iflatlyrefusetothrowawaytheleftovers.

5.Toomanymedicalstudentsandpostgraduatesreceiveeducationinaclosedroom,andfinallybecomeapassiveknowledge-receivingidiot.

4.寫作題

Forthispart,youarerequiredtowriteacompositionofnolessthan200wordsaccordingtothefollowingtopic.PleasewriteyourcompositionclearlyontheAnswerSheetprovided.(20points)

Manypeople,especiallyyoungpeople,makefriendsthroughQQchattingorotherformsofinstantmessagingsystems.SomepeoplesaythatsuchrelationshipsasQQnetworkingfriendsarenottrustworthybecausetragedieshappenoccasionally;otherssaythatrelationshipsofsuchkindarenodifferencefromthetraditionalones,becausetheyencounterbothgoodfriendandbadguysthroughQQchattingastheydointheirtraditionallifestyles;stillothersbelievethatwhethertheyaretrustworthyornotdependsonyourinitialpurposeandhowyoupursuesucharelationship.

What'syouropinionaboutit?Pleasechooseoneoptionandwriteanessayofatleast200words.Pleaseuseadequatematerialstosupportyourposition.

【答案】ShouldPeopleMakeFriendsonLine?5.翻譯題

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglishontheAnswerSheet.

時(shí)下，在北京的圖書館、博物館甚至?xí)昀?，?jīng)常有一些大大小小不同類型的文化講座，這些講座，小而言之，只是一次次知識的宣講，大而言之，則是先進(jìn)文化的傳播。在這方面，中國現(xiàn)代文學(xué)館組織的周末義務(wù)講座無疑是開風(fēng)氣之先、具有示范作用的。這里一時(shí)間竟出現(xiàn)了作家學(xué)者主動報(bào)名講演，聽者以能占有一席之地為榮的局面，可以相信，越來越多的人自覺進(jìn)入求學(xué)殿堂，將大大促進(jìn)我國國民素質(zhì)的提升。

【答案】Nowadays,fromlibrariesandmuseumsinBeijingtobookstores,thereareoftenculturallecturesondifferentscalesandvariedsizes.Theselectures,inpracticalterms,arerepeatedknowledgeimpartations.Intheoreticalterms,they’rethedisseminationofadvancedculture.Inthisregard,theweekendlecturesorganizedbytheMuseumofModernChineseLiteratureareundoubtedlypioneeringandexemplary.Here,manywritersandscholarsvolunteertobeenteredforopportunitiestogivelectureswhiletheaudienceishonoredwhengivenaseat.Itcanbebelievedthatmoreandmorepeopleconsciouslyintotheeducationalprograms,whichwillgreatlypromotethenationalqualityofourcitizens.

6.單選題

Bypatientquestioningthelawyermanagedto（

）enoughinformationfromthewitnesses.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.evacuate

B.withdraw

C.impart

D.elicit

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)evacuate“疏散；撤退；排泄”；B選項(xiàng)withdraw“撤退；收回；撤銷；取錢”；C選項(xiàng)impart“給予；傳授；告知”；D選項(xiàng)elicit“抽出；引起；誘出”。句意：通過耐心的詢問，律師設(shè)法從證人那里……足夠的信息?！靶畔ⅰ笔亲C人給出的，律師只有努力去“獲取”，綜合選項(xiàng)可知D選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

AstheclimateintheMiddleEastchangedbeginningaround7000B.C”conditionsemergedthatledtoamorecomplexandadvancedformofcivilizationinbothEgyptandoftheTigrisandEuphratesriversinMesopotamiabecamedrier,producingriver-sidelandsthatwerebothhabitableandfertile,andattractingsettlersarmedwiththenewlydevelopedtechniqueofagriculture.Thismigrationwasfurtherencouragedbythegradualtransformationoftheonce-hospitablegrasslandsoftheseregionsintodeserts.Humanpopulationbecameincreasinglyconcentratedintopocketsofsettlementscatteredalongthebanksofthegreatrivers.

Theriversprofoundlyshapedthewayoflifealongtheirbanks.InMesopotamia,themanagementofwaterinconditionsofunpredictabledrought,flood,andstormbecamethecentraleconomicandsocialchallenge.Villagersbeganearlytobuildsimpleearthworks,dikes,canals,andditchestocontrolthewatersandreducetheopposingdangersofdroughtduringthedryseason(usuallythespring)andfloodingattheharvesttime.

Sucheffortsrequiredadegreeofcooperationamongalargenumberofpeoplethathadnotpreviouslyexisted.Theindividualvillage,containingonlyadozenorsohousesandfamilies,waseconomicallyvulnerable;butwhenseveralvillages,probablyunderthedirectionsofacouncilofelders,learnedtosharetheirhumanresourcesinthebuildingofcoordinatednetworkofwater-controlsystems,thesafety,stability,andprosperityofallimproved.Inthisnewcooperation,theseedsofthegreatMesopotamiancivilizationswerebeingsown.

Technologicalandmathematicalinvention,too,werestimulatedbylifealongtherivers.Newdeviceswerefirstdevelopedhereforuseinirrigationsystems.Similarly,theearliestmethodsofmeasurementandcomputationandthefirstdevelopmentsingeometrywerestimulatedbytheneedtokeeptrackoflandholdingsandboundariesinfieldsthatwereperiodicallyinundated.

Theliversservedashighroadsofearliestcommerce.Tradersusedboatsmadeofbundlesofrushestotransportgrains,fruits,fibers,andtextilesfromonevillagetoanother,transformingtheriversintothecentralspinesofnascentcommercialkingdoms.Tradeexpandedsurprisinglywidely;wehaveevidencesuggestingthat,evenbeforetheestablishmentofthefirstEgyptiandynasty,goodswerebeingexchangedbetweenvillagersinEgyptandothersasfarasIran.

Similardevelopmentswereoccurringatmuchthesametimealongthegreatrivervalleysinotherpartsoftheworldforexample,alongtheIndusinIndiaandHwangHoinChina.Thehistoryofearlycivilizationhasbeenshapedtoaremarkabledegreebytherelationshipofhumansandrivers.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageistoexplain（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingsocialeffectsdidtheunpredictabilityofwatersuppliesinMesopotamiahave?

3.Theearliestgeometersweresupportedprimarilyby（）.

4.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheemergenceofcomplexcivilizationsintheMiddleEastwasdependentuponthepreviousdevelopmentof（）.

5.TheauthorreferstoemergingcivilizationsinIndiaandChinaprimarilyinordertoemphasize（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.howclimaticchangesledtothefoundingoftheearliestrecordedcities

B.theinfluenceofriverlifeonthegrowthofearlycivilizations

C.someoftherecentfindingsofresearchersintoearlyhumanhistory

D.thesimilaritiesanddifferencesamongseveralancientsocieties

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Itledtowarfareoverwaterrightsamongrivalvillages.

B.Itencouragedcooperationinthecreationofwatermanagementsystems.

C.Itdrovefarmerstosettleinfertilegrasslandsfarfromtheuncontrollablerivers.

D.Ithadtheactualeffectofincreasingthepopulationthere.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.mechanicalartisans

B.tradersandmerchants

C.farmlaborers

D.landowners

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.basictechniquesofagriculture

B.symbolicsystemsforwritingandmathematicalcomputation

C.toolsforconstructinghousesquicklyandeasily

D.amethodforstoringandtransferringwealth

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.theimportanceofwatertransportationinthegrowthofearlytrade

B.therelativelyadvancedpositionenjoyedbytheMiddleEastspreadtootherplaces

C.therapiditywithwhichsocialsystemsdevelopedintheMiddleEastspreadtootherplaces

D.thecrucialroleplayedbyriversinthedevelopmentofhumanculturesaroundtheworld

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章主要介紹河流對于文明和發(fā)展的作用。因此B項(xiàng)“河流生命對于早期文明發(fā)展的影響”符合本文主旨大意。

2.判斷推理題。題干問的是:下列哪項(xiàng)是美索不達(dá)米亞中供水的不可預(yù)測性所產(chǎn)生的社會影響?第三段指出:Sucheffortsrequiredadegreeofcooperationamongalargenumberofpeoplethathadnotpreviouslyexisted.Theindividualvillage,containingonlyadozenorsohousesandfamilies,waseconomicallyvulnerable;butwhenseveralvillages,probablyunderthedirectionsofacouncilofelders,learnedtosharetheirhumanresourcesinthebuildingofcoordinatednetworkofwater-controlsystems,thesafety,stability,andprosperityofallimproved.Inthisnewcooperation,theseedsofthegreatMesopotamiancivilizationswerebeingsown(這種努力需要大量人員的前所未有的合作。只有十幾戶家庭的小村莊容易受到經(jīng)濟(jì)沖擊，但是在年長村民的指導(dǎo)下，這些村莊可能會學(xué)著在建立協(xié)調(diào)的水治理系統(tǒng)中進(jìn)行人力資源共享，這吋候鄉(xiāng)村的安全和穩(wěn)定性以及繁榮度都得到了提升。在新的合作下，美索不達(dá)米亞的文明之種正被播散開來)。故選B“它激發(fā)了水資源管理體系創(chuàng)新的相互合作”。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。通過題干關(guān)鍵詞geometers定位至第四段:Similarly,theearliestmethodsofmeasurementandcomputationandthefirstdevelopmentsingeometrywerestimulatedbytheneedtokeeptrackoflandholdingsandboundariesinfieldsthatwereperiodicallyinundated(同樣，早期的測量和估算方法，以及幾何學(xué)的初期發(fā)展，都是因?yàn)樾枰涗浲恋氐乃袡?quán)和記錄被周期性淹沒的土地邊界范圍而刺激發(fā)展的。因此，最初幾何學(xué)主要是為了記錄土地的所有權(quán)和實(shí)際情況而發(fā)展的)。故選D“土地所有者”。

4.判斷推理題。題干為:中東地區(qū)的復(fù)雜文明的出現(xiàn)主要依賴于之前的哪項(xiàng)的發(fā)展？第一段指出:AstheclimateintheMiddleEastchanged...JedtoamorecomplexandadvancedfromofcivilizationinbothEuphratesriversinMesopotamiabecamedrier,producingriver-sidelandsthatwerebothhabitableandfertile,andattractingsettlersarmedwiththenewlydevelopedtechniqueofagriculture(隨著中東地區(qū)的氣候變化，出現(xiàn)的狀況導(dǎo)致了復(fù)雜和先進(jìn)的文明形式?！?dāng)美索不達(dá)米亞的幼發(fā)拉底河變得更干旱后，產(chǎn)生了宜居且肥沃的河岸土地，并且吸引了擁有先進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)的移民。即中東地區(qū)的先進(jìn)文明的發(fā)展有依靠農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)的支持),故選A“基本的農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)”。

5.作者意圖題。題干為:作者談及印度和中國的文明出現(xiàn)主要是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)什么？根據(jù)題干定位至最后一段:Similardevelopmentswereoccurringatmuchthesametimealongthegreatrivervalleysinotherpartsoftheworld—forexample,alongtheIndusinIndiaandHwangHoinChina(同吋，世界其他地方也有沿大河而居所產(chǎn)生的類似的發(fā)展，比如：印度西北部河流，中國的黃河)。因此,文章中談及印度和中國，是為了說明河流同樣在這些國家的發(fā)展中起到的作用,因此D項(xiàng)“在世界各地人類文化的發(fā)展中，河流發(fā)揮關(guān)鍵的作用”正確。

8.單選題

Hiscareerwasnotnoticeably（

）bythefactthathehadneverbeentocollege.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.prevented

B.restrained

C.hindered

D.refrained

【答案】C

【解析】考察動詞詞義辨析。prevent“防止”；restrain“抑制，阻止”；hinder“阻礙”；refrain“抑制，自制，避免”。句意：他的事業(yè)沒有因?yàn)樗麤]上過大學(xué)而受到明顯的障礙。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

9.單選題

InPlato’sRepublicwefindadiscussionaboutmoralityandselfishness.Plato’sbrotherGlauconistryingtomakeSocratesgivesomegoodreasonsforwhyitisbettertobejustthantobeunjust.Glauconinsiststhatallpeoplebynaturelookafterthemselves,andwheneverwecangetawaywithsomething,wewilldoit,regardlessofhowunjustitmaybetoothers.Unfortunately,wemayreceivethesametreatmentfromothers,whichishighlyunpleasant,soforthesakeofpeaceandsecurityweagreetotreateachotherdecently—notbecausewewantto,butbecauseweareplayingitsafe.Moralityisjustaresultofourlookingoutforourselves.Ifwecangetawaywithsomething,itisournaturetomakethemostofit.

WhatGlauconissuggestinghereabouttheoriginofsocietyisafirstinWesternthought.Histheoryisanexampleofwhathasbecomeknownassocialcontracttheory,andthistypeoftheorybecameparticularlyinfluentialmuchlater,intheeighteenthcentury.Asocialcontracttheoryassumesthathumansusedtoliveinapre-socialsetting(withoutrules,regulations,orcooperation)andthen,forvariousreasons,gottogetherandagreedonsettingupasociety.Generally,socialcontracttheoriesassumethathumansdecidetobuildasocietywithrulesforthesakeofthecommongoodorforthesakeofself-protection.Thetheoryistodayknownaspsychologicalegoism.

ToGlaucon,decentpersonswilldo“unjust”thingsjustasquicklyasscoundrelsiftheyknowtheycangetawaywithitsincetheirhumannaturesareidentical.HereGlauconisactingasthedevil’sadvocateinordertomakeSocratesdefendjusticeassomethingthatisgoodinitself.Surelyweallcanremembereventsinourlivesthatshowthatwedon’talwaysactoutofself-interest.WemayrememberthatMotherTeresaandotherunselfishsoulshavespenttheirliveshelpingothers.Thepsychologicalegoistwouldcontendthattheymaynothavebeenawareoftheirtruemotives,butselfishitwas,somehow.Thesepeople,probably,wantedtogettoHeaven,toatoneforpastwrongdoing,ormaybetheyjustwantedtofeelwarminside.

Thistheory,cynicalasitmaysound,hasestablisheditselffirmlyinthemindsofmanymodernpeople.Somehow,thistheoryremovesthehalofromabovetheheadofeveryheroandeveryunselfishpersoninthehistoryofhumankind.Onereason,then,forthistheory’spopularityisitspresumedhonesty.Closelyrelatedtothenotionofhonestyisourmodernfascinationwithcynicism.Oftentimes,peoplearetrulyselfishanddevious,andthingsarenotwhattheyseem.However,thereisadifferencebetweenthiskindofprudentskepticismandauniversalcynicismthatbordersonparanoia.Suchradicalcynicismdoesn’tallowforthepossibilityoftheexistenceofgoodnessandkindness,andthisisoneoftheerrorspsychologicalegoistsareproneto.Psychologicalegoistsneversaythatwecan’thelpbeingselfishtothebone—theyjustsaythatthereissomehiddenselfishmotiveforwhateverwedothatwemaynotbeevenawareof.

1.WhatisthemainreasonformentreatingeachotherdecentlyaccordingtoGlaucon?

2.Whichofthefollowingistrueofthesocialcontracttheory?

3.HowwouldpsychologicalegoistsinterprettheexampleofMotherTeresa?

4.Whaterrorsarepsychologicalegoistslikelytomake?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itisnotrightforonetobeunjusttootherpeople.

B.Itisbeneficialforpeopletoretainpeaceandsecurity.

C.Moralityandselflessnessarewhatweshouldpursue.

D.Wearepronetomakethemostofsomething.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Itiscontrarytopsychologicalegoists’beliefs.

B.Itrecordshumanlifeinaworldwithoutoperationandrules.

C.Itpresumesthatasocietywithrulesistoguaranteethebenefitsofall.

D.Itassumesthatpeoplearebynatureunselfish.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Shehelpsothersforthesakeofherself

B.Justiceisgoodinitselftothedevil’sadvocate.

C.Descentpersonswilldounjustthingsaswell.

D.Sheisatypicalpersonwithfeelingsofparanoia.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theydonotjustifytheirtheoryfully.

B.Theyhavechangedpeople’sview.

C.Theyneverwarnpeopleoftheirunawareselfishness.

D.Theygototheextremeofdisbelievingpeople

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】第1題:1.根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第三句“forthesakeofpeaceandsecurity...weareplayingitsafe.”為了和平與安全,我們同意善待彼此——不是因?yàn)槲覀兿脒@樣做,而是因?yàn)槲覀冎?jǐn)慎行事。也就是說人與人之間保持和平與安全是有益的。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

2.根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“socialcontracttheory”定位到原文第二段,根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二句“Generally,socialcontracttheories...forthesakeofself-protection.”一般來說,社會契約理論認(rèn)為,人類決定建立一個(gè)有規(guī)則的社會是為了公共利益或自我保護(hù)。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

3.根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“MotherTeresa”定位到第三段最后三句,心理利己主義者認(rèn)為他們可能沒有意識到自己的真實(shí)動機(jī),但從某種程度上來說,他們是自私的。這些人可能是想上天堂,為過去的錯(cuò)誤行為贖罪,或者他們只是想感受內(nèi)心的溫暖。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

4.根據(jù)最后一段倒數(shù)第二句“Suchradicalcynicism...psychologicalegoistsareproneto.”這種極端的犬儒主義不允許善良和善良存在的可能性,這是心理利己主義者容易犯的錯(cuò)誤之一。也就是說他們很極端,容易懷疑他人,所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

10.單選題

Aknockatthedooragain!Itwasthethirdtimesomeone（

）methatevening.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hasinterrupted

B.hadinterrupted

C.tohaveinterrupted

D.wouldhaveinterrupted

【答案】B

【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。由was和thatevening可知事情發(fā)生在過去。在某個(gè)時(shí)刻為止已經(jīng)在發(fā)生的事情，故用過去完成時(shí)。句意：又有人在敲門，那晚已經(jīng)是第三次有人打擾我了。故B項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Anenquiringmindcancatch____toanewideaquickly.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.on

B.uр

C.at

D.out

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.on在……之上B.up向上

C.at在D.out向外

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】固定搭配。

【解題思路】固定搭配catchonto表示“理解；明白”。由句意“善于探究的人能很快……一個(gè)新觀點(diǎn)?！笨芍摯钆浞暇湟?，譯為：善于探究的人能很快理解一個(gè)新觀點(diǎn)。因此選A。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)均不符合搭配。

【句意】善于探究的人能很快理解一個(gè)新觀點(diǎn)。

12.單選題

ThebeautyofHopipaintedpotteryisknownthroughoutthemodernworld;soalsowasitknownandhighlyvaluedintheaboriginalworldoftheNorthAmericanWest.UntilapproximatelyA.D.1300potteryintheHopicountrywassimplyaregionalvariationonthewaresofotherpartsofthePuebloarea.Then,withtheadventofthefourteenthcentury,cameanartisticexplosion.Theblack-on-whitedesigns,belovedofarchaeologistsbutrelativelyundistinguished,weresuperse