考研考博-英語-唐山科技職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-唐山科技職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Thespokesmantalkedaboutthecauseoftheaccident,butthemediadidn’tseemtobuyit.

問題1選項

A.confirm

B.exaggerate

C.accept

D.purchase

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.confirm證實B.exaggerate夸大

C.accept接受；相信D.purchase購買

【考查點】動詞辨析與熟詞僻義

【解題思路】buy最常見的意義是“購買”，但原句的主語是媒體，賓語是發(fā)言人對事故原因的解釋，“購買”不符合該語境。Buy還有一個意義是“相信”，這個意義更符合語境，C選項accept“接受”，在表達接受某個觀念時，譯為“相信”。

【干擾項排除】

A選項confirm“證實”，沒有依據(jù)；

B選項exaggerate“夸大”，沒有依據(jù)；

D選項purchase“購買”，雖符合基本義，但不符合語境。

【句意】發(fā)言人談到了事故的原因，但媒體似乎并不買賬。

2.單選題

Lymediseaseiscausedbybacteriathatare（）bydeertick.

問題1選項

A.emitted

B.transmitted

C.communicated

D.distributed

【答案】B

【解析】動詞辨析。B選項transmitted意為“傳播，傳染（疾病）”。句意：萊姆病是一種由鹿蜱傳播的細菌所（）的疾病。A選項emitted發(fā)出，發(fā)射；B選項transmitted傳播，傳染（疾?。?；C選項communicated傳達，表達；D選項distributed分配，散布。B選項transmitted符合句意

3.單選題

Thestructureoftheglobaleconomy（）thatdevelopingnationsputalltheireffortsintoraisingcash—usuallybyexportingwhatevervirginresourcestheindustrialworldmightdesire.

問題1選項

A.dictates

B.regulates

C.allows

D.appeals

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。dictate“命令；要求”；regulate“調(diào)節(jié)”；allow“允許”；appeal“呼吁；上訴”；句意：全球經(jīng)濟的結(jié)構(gòu)……發(fā)展中國家把所有的努力都投入到籌集資金上——通常是通過出口工業(yè)世界可能需要的任何原始資源。與“thestructureoftheglobaleconomy”搭配的只能是dictate，表示“全球經(jīng)濟要求”因此A選項符合題意。

4.單選題

Asisknowntoall,avaguelawisalways（）todifferentinterpretations.

問題1選項

A.invulnerable

B.immune

C.resistant

D.susceptible

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。invulnerable“不會受傷害的，無懈可擊的”；immune“免疫的”；resistant“抵抗的，有抵抗力的”；susceptible“容許……的；易受影響的”。句意：眾所周知，一條含糊不清的法規(guī)總允許有不同的解釋。選項D符合題意。

5.單選題

We’vemadetentativeplansforaholidaybuthaven’tdecidedanythingyet.

問題1選項

A.temporary

B.detailed

C.purposely

D.refreshing

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。tentative表示“試驗性的，暫定的，躊躇的”；A項temporary“暫時的，臨時的”，B項detailed“詳細的，精細的”，C項purposely“故意地”，D項refreshing“提神的，使清爽的，使人重新振作的”。句意：我們暫定了一個度假計劃，但還沒有決定任何事情。根據(jù)句意可知，tentative在句中表示“暫定的”，A項的意思符合句子。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

6.單選題

Thesunisverylargeincomparisonwithitsnine（）planetswhich,inturn,arecircledbyatotalofthirtythreesatellites.

問題1選項

A.cycling

B.whirling

C.surrounding

D.orbiting

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項cycling“騎腳踏車消遣，騎腳踏車兜風(fēng)”；B選項whirling“旋轉(zhuǎn)”；C選項surrounding“周圍的，附近的”；D選項orbiting“盤旋；繞軌道運行”。句意：與九顆（）太陽運行的行星相比，太陽是非常大的，而九顆行星又由三十三顆衛(wèi)星環(huán)繞著。這里考查的是固定搭配orbitingplanets“軌道行星”，因此D選項符合題意。

7.單選題

OilcompaniesintheU.S.arealreadybeginningtofeelthepressure.Refineryworkers’andpetroleum-equipment-manufacturing,employeesarebeing____.

問題1選項

A.laidout

B.laidoff

C.laiddown

D.laidaside

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.laidout展示；安排B.laidoff解雇；休息

C.laiddown放下；制定D.laidaside擱置；儲蓄

【答案】B

【考查點】詞組辨析。

【解題思路】句意：美國的石油公司已經(jīng)開始感受到壓力。煉油工人和石油設(shè)備制造業(yè)的雇員正在被……。根據(jù)邏輯，公司受到壓力時，有可能進行裁員，因此這些雇傭員工可能被解雇。因此選B。

【干擾項排除】A、C、D選項均無法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應(yīng)邏輯關(guān)系。

【句意】美國的石油公司已經(jīng)開始感受到壓力。煉油工人和石油設(shè)備制造業(yè)的雇員正在被解雇。

8.單選題

Thequalitiesdemandedbythegovernmentwereofapractical,moralandethicalnature,theobjectivebeingtoperpetuateConfuciantraditionswhichwere（）inmaintainingstabilityandsanctioningtheimperialrule.

問題1選項

A.useful

B.essential

C.instrumental

D.vital

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項useful“有用的”；B選項essential“必不可少的”；C選項instrumental“有幫助的”；D選項vital“極其重要的”。雖然四個詞放在題目中均讀得通，但根據(jù)題意，我們選擇最合適的，即B選項。句意：政府所要求的質(zhì)量帶有實在、道德倫理的本質(zhì)，孔子傳統(tǒng)對于維持穩(wěn)定、認可帝國統(tǒng)治是……的，這便是保持孔子傳統(tǒng)的目的。因此C選項正確。

9.單選題

Fromthehealthpointofviewwearelivinginamarvelousage.Weareimmunizedfrombirthagainstmanyofthemostdangerousdiseases.Alargenumberofoncefataldiseasescannowbecuredbymodemdrugsandsurgery.Itisalmostcertainthatonedayremedieswillbefoundforthemoststubbornremainingdiseases.Theexpectationoflifehasincreasedenormously.Butthoughthepossibilityoflivingalongandhappylifeisgreaterthaneverbefore,everydaywewitnesstheincredibleslaughterofmen,womenandchildrenontheroads.Manversusmotor-car!Itisanever-endingbattlewhichmanislosing.Thousandsofpeopletheworldoverarekilledorhorriblyinjuredeachyearandwearequietlysittingbackandlettingithappen.

Ithasbeenrightlysaidthatwhenamanissittingbehindasteeringwheel,hiscarbecomestheextensionofhispersonality.Thereisnodoubtthatthemotor-caroftenbringsoutaman'sveryworstqualities.Peoplewhoarenormallyquietandpleasantmaybecomeunrecognizablewhentheyarebehindthesteeringwheel.Theyswear,theyareill-manneredandaggressive,willfulastwo-year-oldsandutterlyselfish.Alltheirhiddenfrustrations,disappointmentsandjealousiesseemtobebroughttothesurfacebytheactofdriving.

Thesurprisingthingisthatsocietysmilessobenignlyonthemotoristandseemstocondonehisbehavior.Everythingisdoneforhisconvenience.Citiesareallowedtobecomealmostuninhabitablebecauseofheavytraffic;townsaremadeuglybyhugecarparks;thecountrysideisdesecratedbyroadnetworks;andthemassannualslaughterbecomesnothingmorethanastatistic,tobeconvenientlyforgotten.

Itishightimeaworldcodewerecreatedtoreducethissenselesswasteofhumanlife.Withregardtodriving,thelawsofsomecountriesarenotoriouslylaxandeventhestrictestarenotstrictenough.Acodewhichwasuniversallyacceptedcouldonlyhaveadramaticallybeneficialeffectontheaccidentrate.Hereareafewexamplesofsomeofthethingsthatmightbedone.Thedrivingtestshouldbestandardizedandmadefarmoredifficultthanitis;allthedriversshouldbemadetotakeatesteverythreeyearsorso;theageatwhichyoungpeopleareallowedtodriveanyvehicleshouldberaisedtoatleast21;allvehiclesshouldbeputthroughstringentannualtestforsafety.Eventhesmallestamountofalcoholinthebloodcanimpairaperson'sdrivingability.Presentdrinkinganddrivinglaws(wheretheyexist)shouldbemademuchstricter.Maximumandminimumspeedlimitsshouldbeimposedonallroads.Governmentsshouldlaydownsafetyspecificationsformanufacturers,ashasbeendoneintheUSA.Alladvertisingstressingpowerandperformanceshouldbebanned.Thesemeasuresmaysoundinordinatelyharsh.Butsurelynothingshouldbeconsideredastoosevereifitresultsinreducingtheannualtollofhumanlife.Afterall,theworldisforhumanbeings,notmotor-cars.

1.Themainideaofthispassageisthat（

）.

2.WhichofthestatementsbelowisNOTinkeepingwiththeimplicationofthe2ndparagraph?

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasacounter-measureagainsttrafficaccidents?

4.Theauthor’sattitudetowardthesocialphenomenonis（

）.

問題1選項

A.trafficaccidentsaremainlycausedbymotorists

B.onlystrictertrafficlawscanpreventroadaccidents

C.thelawsofsomecountriesaboutdrivingaretoolax

D.thousandsofpeopleovertheworldarekilledeachyear

問題2選項

A.Peopleusuallycannotstayquietandpleasantwhiledriving.

B.Peopleareusuallybesidethemselveswhentheyaredriving.

C.People'shiddenabilitiesareoftenbroughtintofullplaybytheactofdriving.

D.People’sbadqualitiesandemotionscanbefullyexposedbytheactofdriving.

問題3選項

A.Makingdrivingteststandardizedandmoredifficult.

B.Raisingagelimitfordriversandretestingthemregularly.

C.Restrictingthespeedofdrivingwithinreasonablelimits.

D.Testingtheamountofalcoholindrivers’bloodfrequently.

問題4選項

A.ironical

B.critical

C.indifferent

D.militant

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。本題詢問這篇閱讀的中心思想。A選項意為“交通事故主要是由摩托車引起的”；B選項意為“只有更嚴格的交通法規(guī)能夠阻止事故的發(fā)生”；C選項意為“一些國家關(guān)于駕駛的法規(guī)太過松弛”；D選項意為“每年全世界有幾千人喪生”。分析全文內(nèi)容可知，文章前幾段主要分析了造成事故的幾個原因，而最后一段得出的結(jié)論是應(yīng)該通過更嚴格的交通法規(guī)才能更好地制止交通事故的發(fā)生，所以B選項正確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。本題詢問下列哪一項論述不符合第二段的內(nèi)容。A選項意為“人們開車時通常無法保持安靜愉快的心情”；B選項意為“當人們開車時，他們通常會發(fā)狂”；C選項意為“通常人們隱藏的能力會通過駕駛行為充分地發(fā)揮出來”；D選項意為“人們的壞品質(zhì)和負面情感會通過駕駛行為完全被公開”。根據(jù)原文“Ithasbeenrightlysaidthatwhenamanissittingbehindasteeringwheel,hiscarbecomestheextensionofhispersonality.Thereisnodoubtthatthemotor-caroftenbringsoutaman'sveryworstqualities.有人說得對，當一個人坐在方向盤后面，他的車就成了他個性的延伸。毫無疑問，汽車常常顯露出一個人最壞的品質(zhì)。”可知人們在駕駛時的情緒和個人品質(zhì)會通過駕駛行為顯露出來，C選項正確；由原文“Peoplewhoarenormallyquietandpleasantmaybecomeunrecognizablewhentheyarebehindthesteeringwheel.通常安靜而愉快的人，當他們坐在方向盤后面時，可能會變得面目無睹?！笨芍径沃胁]有說人們開車總是無法保持安靜和愉快，A選項符合題意。

3.細節(jié)事實題。本題詢問下列哪一項沒有被作為阻止交通事故發(fā)生的一項對策提及。A選項意為“將駕照考試更標準化和增加難度”；B選項意為“提高駕駛員的年齡限制并定期復(fù)查”；C選項意為“將駕駛速度限制在合理的范圍內(nèi)”；D選項意為“經(jīng)常測試司機血液中的酒精量”。根據(jù)原文最后一段中提出了的如何降低摩托車事故發(fā)生的方式“駕駛測試應(yīng)當標準化，比現(xiàn)在要更嚴格；所有四級每三年考核一次；年輕人駕車的允許年齡應(yīng)提高到21歲；全部機動車每年都應(yīng)經(jīng)過嚴格的安全測試”可知D選項沒有提及符合題意。

4.觀點態(tài)度題。本題詢問作者對于這種社會現(xiàn)象的態(tài)度。A選項意為“諷刺的”；B選項意為“批判的”；C選項意為“漠不關(guān)心的”；D選項意為“富有戰(zhàn)斗性的”。文章的前三段分別給出了導(dǎo)致交通事故發(fā)生的幾個原因，作者也呼吁各國制定更為嚴格的交通法規(guī)來阻止事故的發(fā)生，而對于摩托車事故，作者一直持批評的態(tài)度，B選項正確。

10.單選題

GeorgeGallup,Jr.,themanwhomakesand（

）hisreputation（

）knowingwhatAmericansthink,hasbroughtallhispollingstrategiestogethertoidentifyandanalyzewhathecallsfutureforces.

問題1選項

A.challenges...on

B.stakes...on

C.hazards...to

D.bets...to

【答案】B

【解析】challenge…on在……方面挑戰(zhàn)；stake…on把賭注押在……上面；hazard...to對……有危險；bet不與to搭配。句意：GeorgeGallup，Jr.這個把自己的名譽押在知曉美國人想法上的人，將所有的投票策略集中到一起，以確定和分析他所說的未來力量。選項B符合句意。

11.單選題

Thereasonhewantstotakealeaveofabsenceis______.

問題1選項

A.becauseheisneedingacompleterest

B.becauseheneededacompleterest

C.thatheneedsacompleterest

D.becauseacompleterestisneededbyhim

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.becauseheisneedingacompleterestB.becauseheneededacompleterest

C.thatheneedsacompleterestD.becauseacompleterestisneededbyhim

【答案】C

【考查點】表語從句。

【解題思路】分析句子可知，句子缺少表語，而結(jié)合選項可知，該句的句意是“他想休假的原因是他需要充分休息”，所以空格處是一個表語從句，because和that都可以引導(dǎo)表語從句，而“需要休息”的主體是he，所以從句中的主語用he，又根據(jù)前面的wants可知，need應(yīng)該同樣用一般現(xiàn)在時，故該題選擇C項。

【干擾項排除】

A項need一般不用于進行時態(tài)；

B項need時態(tài)使用錯誤；

D項主語應(yīng)該是he，故排除。

【句意】他想休假的原因是他需要充分休息。

12.填空題

WhenLiSanwenttothehospitalforhis（1）healthcheck-up,thedoctor

onceagainadvisedhimtoquitsmokingand（2）weight.HealsotoldLitogetmore（3）andcutdownonthe（4）ofsaltinhasdiet.Lihasheardthismanytimesbefore,buthewillprobably（5）theadvice,（6）hehasinthepast.I’mafraiditwilltakeaheartattacktomakehim（7）hisattitude.

【答案】1.regular

2.lose

3.exercise

4.amount

5.ignore

6.as

7.change

【解析】1.語義題。regularhealthcheck-up常規(guī)健康體檢

2.固定搭配。Loseweight減肥。

3.語義題。getmoreexercise加強鍛煉

4.語義題。Amount數(shù)量。

5.語義題。Ignoretheadvice忽視意見。

6.語義題。As正如。

7.固定搭配。changeone'sattitude轉(zhuǎn)變觀念。

13.單選題

You’refillingouttheapplicationformforapositionyoureallyneed;let’sassumeyouonceactuallycompletedacoupleofyearsofcollegeworkoreventhatyoucompletedyourdegree.Isn’tittemptingtoliejustalittle,toclaimontheformthatyourdiplomarepresentsaHarvarddegree?OrthatyoufinishedanextracoupleofyearsbackatStateUniversity?

Moreandmorepeopleareturningtoutterdeceptionlikethistolandtheirjobortomoveaheadintheircareers,forpersonnelofficers,likemostAmericans,valuedegreesfromfamousschools.Ajobapplicantmayhaveagoodeducationanyway,butheorsheassumesthatchancesofbeinghiredarebetterwithadiplomafromawell-knownuniversity.Registrarsatmostwell-knowncollegessaytheydealwithdeceitfulclaimsliketheseattherateofaboutperweek.

Personnelofficersdocheckupondegreeslistedonapplicationforms.Ifitturnsoutthatanapplicantislying,mostcollegesarereluctanttoaccusetheapplicantdirectly.OneIvyLeagueschoolcallsthem“imposters”；anotherreferstothemas“specialcases”.Onewell-knownWestCoastschool,inperhapsthemostdelicatephraseofall,saysthattheseclaimsaremadeby“nosuchpeople”.

Toavoidoutrightlies,somejob-seekersclaimthatthey“wereassociatedwith”acollegeoruniversity.Aftercarefullychecking,aspersonnelofficermaydiscoverthat“attending”meansbeingdismissedafteronesemester.Itmaybethat“beingassociatedwith”acollegemeansthatthejobseekervisitedhisyoungerbrotherforafootballweekend.Oneschoolthatkeepsrecordsoffalseclaimssaysthatthepracticedatesbackatleasttotheturnofthecentury--that’swhentheybegankeepingrecords,anyhow.

Ifyoudon’twanttolieorevenstretchthetruth,therearecompaniesthatwillsellyouaphonydiploma.Onecompany,withofficesinNewYorkandontheWestCoast,willputyournameonadiplomafromanynumberofnonexistentcolleges.Thepricebeginsataroundtwentydollarsforadiplomafrom“SmootUniversity”.Thepricesincreaserapidlyforadegreefromthe“UniversityofPurdue”.AsthereisnoSmootStateandtherealschoolinIndianaiscalledPurdueUniversity,thepricesseemratherhighforonesheetofpaper.

1.Themainideaofthispassageisthat（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,“specialcases”(Para.3)referstocaseswhere（

）.

3.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat

（

）.

4.Thispassageimpliesthat

（

）.

5.Theword“utter”(Para.2)probablymeans（

）.

問題1選項

A.employersarecheckingmorecloselyonapplicantsnow

B.lyingaboutcollegedegreeshasbecomeawidespreadproblem

C.Collegedegreescannowbepurchasedeasily

D.employersarenolongerinterestedincollegedegrees

問題2選項

A.studentsattendaschoolonlypart-time

B.studentsneverattendedaschooltheylistedontheirapplication

C.studentspurchasefalsedegreesfromcommercialfirms

D.studentsattendedafamousschool

問題3選項

A.performanceisabetterjudgeofabilitythanacollegedegree

B.experienceisthebestteacher

C.pastworkhistoriesinfluencepersonnelofficersmorethandegreesdo

D.adegreefromafamousschoolenablesanapplicanttogainadvantageoverothersinjobcompetition

問題4選項

A.buyingafalsedegreeisnotmoral

B.personnelofficersonlyconsiderapplicantsfromfamousschools

C.mostpeoplelieonapplicationsbecausetheyweredismissedfromschool

D.societyshouldbegreatlyresponsibleforlyingonapplications

問題5選項

A.address

B.thorough

C.ultimate

D.decisive

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。題目問的是“這篇文章的主旨是什么？”文章主要講述了越來越多的人在求職時對他們的學(xué)歷撒謊，以及形成這種現(xiàn)象的原因。選項B“在學(xué)歷方面撒謊已經(jīng)成了普遍的問題”符合題意。

第2題:推理判斷題。題目問的是“根據(jù)文章可知，第三段提到的‘特殊情況’指的是什么？”文章第三段提到人事專員會驗證求職者列出來的學(xué)歷，當被證實求職者在撒謊時，大部分學(xué)校不會直接譴責(zé)那個撒謊的求職者，比如，有所常春藤學(xué)校稱其為“騙子”（imposters），另一所學(xué)校稱其為“特殊情況”(specialcases)，說明這些求職者并不是這些學(xué)校的學(xué)生，因此選項B符合題意。

第3題:推理判斷題。題目問的是“從文章我們能了解到什么？”文章第二段提到“人事專員跟大多數(shù)美國人一樣注重名校的學(xué)歷。求職者雖然受到了良好的教育，但是他們認為如果畢業(yè)于名校，被錄取的機會更高（forpersonnelofficers,likemostAmericans,valuedegreesfromfamousschools.Ajobapplicantmayhaveagoodeducationanyway,butheorsheassumesthatchancesofbeinghiredarebetterwithadiplomafromawell-knownuniversity）”，因此選項D“名校的學(xué)歷能讓求職者在競爭中有優(yōu)勢”符合題意。

第4題:推理判斷題。題目問的是“這篇文章暗示了什么？”文章第二段提到越來越多的人在找工作的時候撒謊，因為像大部分美國人一樣，人事專員非?？粗孛W(xué)歷（Moreandmorepeopleareturningtoutterdeceptionlikethistolandtheirjobortomoveaheadintheircareers,forpersonnelofficers,likemostAmericans,valuedegreesfromfamousschools），即這么多人選擇撒謊，是因為社會看重名校學(xué)歷。因此，選項D“社會應(yīng)該對求職者撒謊負很大責(zé)任”符合題意。

第5題:詞義題。題目問的是“第二段中的‘utter’一詞是什么意思？”文章第二段中“utter”后面的“this”指上文提到的“聲稱自己的畢業(yè)證書代表著哈佛大學(xué)的學(xué)位”（claimontheformthatyourdiplomarepresentsaHarvarddegree），由此可知utter是“說”的意思。選項A符合題意。

14.單選題

Ididn’tsendoutmyapplicationformlastweek,butI

.

問題1選項

A.hadto

B.woulddo

C.shouldhave

D.mighthaveto

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定用法。shouldhavedone表示“本應(yīng)該做某事而實際上沒做”。句意：我上周沒有提交申請表格，這本是我應(yīng)該去做的。選項C符合題意。

15.單選題

Whilehewasclimbingthehighmountain,hehadhisleg____.

問題1選項

A.broke

B.break

C.broken

D.breaking

【答案】C

【解析】考查賓語與賓語補足語之間的關(guān)系。此句中的had為使役動詞，其后的賓語與賓語補足語之間的關(guān)系是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，根據(jù)英語語法，此處應(yīng)用過去分詞。本句句意：他在爬那座高山時，摔斷了腿。

16.單選題

What,canrigid,coldcalculatingmathematicspossiblyhaveincommonwithsubtle,creative,lofty,imaginativeart?Thisquestionfaithfullymirrorsthestateofmindofmostpeople,evenofmosteducatedpeople,whentheyregardthenumbersandsymbolsthatpopulatetheworldofmathematics.Butthegreatleadersofmathematicsthoughthavefrequentlyandrepeatedlyassertedthattheobjectoftheirpursuitisjustasmuchanartasitisascience,andperhapsevenafineart.MaximeBocher,andeminentmathematicianlivingatthebeginningofthiscentury,wrote:“Iliketolookatmathematicsalmostmoreasanartthanasascience;fortheactivityofthemathematician,constantlycreatingasheis,guidedalthoughnotcontrolledbytheexternalworldofthesenses,bearsaresemblance,notfanciful,Ibelieve,butreal,totheactivitiesoftheartist—ofapainter,letussay.Rigorousdeductivereasoningonthepartofthemathematicianmaybelikenedheretothetechnicalskillindrawingonthepartofthepainter.Justasonecannotbecomeapainterwithoutacertainamountofskill,sonoonecanbecomeamathematicianwithoutthepowertoreasonaccuratelyuptoacertainpoint.”Yetthesequalities,fundamentalthoughtheyare,donotmakeapainteroramathematicianworthyofthename,norindeedaretheythemostimportantfactorsinthecase.Otherqualitiesofafarmoresubtlesort,chiefamongwhichinbothcasesisimagination,gointothemakingofagoodartistoragoodmathematician.

Ifmathematicswantstolayclaimtobeinganart,however,itmostshowthatitpossessesandmakesuseofatleastsomeoftheelementsthatgotomakeupthethingsofbeauty.Isnotimagination,creativeimagination,themostessentialelementsofanart?Letustakeageometricobject,suchasthecircle.Totheordinaryman,thisistherimofawheel,perhapswithspokesinit.Elementarygeometryhascrowdedthissimplefigurewithradii,chords,sectors,tangents,diameters,inscribedandcircumscribedpolygons,andsoon.

Hereyouhavealreadyanentiregeometricalworldcreatedfromaveryrudimentarybeginning.Theseandothermiraclesareundeniableproofofthecreativepowerofthemathematician;and,asifthiswerenotenough,themathematicianallowsthewholecircleto“vanish”,declaresittobeimaginary,thenkeepsontoyingwithhisnewcreationinmuchthesamewayandwithmuchthesamegustoashedidwiththeinnocentlittlethingyouallowedhimtostartoutwith.Andallthis,rememberplease,isjustelementaryplanegeometry.Truly,thecreativeimaginationdisplayedbythemathematicianhasnowherebeenexceeded,notevenparalleled,and,Iwouldmakeboldtosay,nowevencloselyapproachedanywhereelse,nmanywaysmathematicsexhibitsthesameelementsofbeautythataregenerallyacknowledgedtobetheessenceofpoetry.Firstletusconsideraminorpoint:thepoetarrangeshiswritingsonthepageinverses.Hispoemfirstappealstotheeyebeforeitreachestheearorthemind;andsimilarly,themathematicianlinesuphisformulasandequationssothattheirformmaymakeanaestheticimpression.Somemathematiciansaregiventothisloveofarrangingandexhibitingtheirequationstoadegreethatbordersonafault.Trigonometry,abranchofelementarymathematicsparticularlyrichinformulas,offerssomecuriousgroupsofthem,curiousintheirsymmetryandtheirarrangement.

Thesuperiorityofpoetryoverotherformsofverbalexpressionliesfirstinthesymbolismusedinpoetry,andsecondlyinitsextremecondensationandeconomyofwords.Takeapoemofuniversallyacknowledgedmerit,say,Shelley’spoem“ToNight”.Hereisthesecondstanza:Wrapthyforminamantlegray,star-inwrought!BlindwiththinehairtheeyesofDay;Kissheruntilshebeweariedout;Thenwandero’ercity,andsea,andland.Touchingallwiththineopiatewand—Come,long-sought!

Takenliterally,allthisis,ofcourse,sheernonsenseandnothingelse.Nighthasnohair,nightdoesnotwearanyclothes,andnightisnotanillicitpeddlerofnarcotics.Butisthereanybodybalmyenoughtotakethewordsofthepoetliterally?Thewordshereareonlycomparisons,onlysymbols.Forthesakeofcondensationthepoetdoesn’tbotherstatingthathissymbolsmeansuchandsuch,butgoesontotreatthemasiftheywererealities.

Themathematiciandoesthesethingspreciselyasthepoetdoes.Takenumbersforexample,theveryideaofwhichisanabstraction,orsymbol.Whenyouwritethefigure3,youhavecreatedasymbolforasymbol,andwhenyousayinalgebrathatisanumber,youhavecondensedallthesymbolsforallthenumbersintooneall-embracingsymbol.These,likeothermathematicalsymbols,andlikethepoetssymbols,areacondensed,concentratedwayofstatingalongandrathercomplicatedchainofsimplegeometrical,algebraic,ornumericalrelations.Now,ismathematicsanart?

1.Thesimilaritybetweentheactivitiesofmathematiciansandthoseofartistsis（）.

2.InMaximeBocher’sopinion,whatisthefundamentalelementthatmakesagoodartistormathematician?

3.Inwhatwaydomathematiciansexhibitthesameelementsofbeautyaspoet?

4.Poetryissuperiortootherformsofexpressionforits（）.

5.Justlikepoets,mathematiciansmay（）.

問題1選項

A.botharecontrolledbytheexternalworld

B.bothrememberthesensesoftheworld

C.botharenotfancifulbutreal

D.bothinvolveconstantcreating

問題2選項

A.Numericalskills.

B.Imagination.

C.Creation.

D.Senseofbeauty.

問題3選項

A.Mathematicianswouldliketosparenoefforttomaketheirproofselegant.

B.Mathematicianslovetoarrangetheirformulasandequationssothattheytakeabeautifulform.

C.Mathematiciansseldomarrangetheirformulasandequationsinsymmetry.

D.Mathematiciansliketoarrangetheirformulasinverses.

問題4選項

A.unusualdiction

B.imaginativeexpression

C.symbolism,condensationandeconomyofwords

D.condensationandimaginativediction

問題5選項

A.usesymbolsforthesakeofcondensationandconcentration

B.usesymbolsforthesakeofcomparison

C.usepoemsasakindofsymbols

D.usenumberstosignifybeauty

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第一段fortheactivityofthemathematician,constantlycreatingasheis,guidedalthoughnotcontrolledbytheexternalworldofthesenses,bearsaresemblance,notfanciful,Ibelieve,butreal,totheactivitiesoftheartist—ofapainter,letussay.（因為數(shù)學(xué)家的活動，不斷地創(chuàng)造，盡管不受感官的外部世界的控制，但與藝術(shù)家的活動，比如說畫家的活動，有著相似之處，我相信不是空想，而是真實的。）因此D選項“兩者都涉及不斷創(chuàng)造”正確。A選項“兩者都受外部世界的控制”；B選項“兩者都記得世界的感覺”；C選項“兩者都不是幻想，而是真實的”，這三項都是文章中未體現(xiàn)的。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第一段最后一句Otherqualitiesofafarmoresubtlesort,chiefamongwhichinbothcasesisimagination,gointothemakingofagoodartistoragoodmathematician.（一個好的藝術(shù)家或好的數(shù)學(xué)家還具有其他更微妙的品質(zhì)，其中最主要的是想象力。）因此B選項“想象力”正確。A選項“數(shù)值技巧”；C選項“創(chuàng)造”；D選項“審美”都不是文章所說明的。

3.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段Hispoemfirstappealstotheeyebeforeitreachestheearorthemind;andsimilarly,themathematicianlinesuphisformulasandequationssothattheirformmaymakeanaestheticimpression.（他的詩在到達耳朵或心靈之前首先吸引了人們的目光；同樣地，數(shù)學(xué)家把他的公式和方程式排列起來，以便它們的形式能給人留下美感。）因此B選項“數(shù)學(xué)家們喜歡把他們的公式和方程式排列得很漂亮”正確。A選項“數(shù)學(xué)家們愿意不遺余力地使他們的證明優(yōu)雅”；C選項“數(shù)學(xué)家很少用對稱的方式排列他們的公式和方程”；D選項“數(shù)學(xué)家喜歡用詩句來排列他們的公式”，都不是文章中給出的信息。

4.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干信息位到倒數(shù)第三段Thesuperiorityofpoetryoverotherformsofverbalexpressionliesfirstinthesymbolismusedinpoetry,andsecondlyinitsextremecondensationandeconomyofwords.（詩歌相對于其他語言表達形式的優(yōu)越性首先在于詩歌中使用的象征手法，其次在于其詞的極端濃縮和簡潔。）因此C選項“詞語的象征、濃縮和簡潔”正確。A選項“不尋常的措辭”；B選項“富有想象力的表達”；D選項“縮合和想象的措辭”，不符合文意。

5.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干信息定位到最后一段These,likeothermathematicalsymbols,andlikethepoetssymbols,areacondensed,concentratedwayofstatingalongandrathercomplicatedchainofsimplegeometrical,algebraic,ornumericalrelations.（這些符號，像其他的數(shù)學(xué)符號，也像詩人的符號一樣，是一種濃縮的方式，用來表述由簡單的幾何、代數(shù)或數(shù)字關(guān)系構(gòu)成的長而復(fù)雜的鏈條。）因此A選項“使用符號是為了濃縮和集中”正確。B選項“使用符號是為了比較”，不正確；C選項“把詩歌作為一種