考研考博-英語(yǔ)-北京北大方正軟件職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇2

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-北京北大方正軟件職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Iamafraidtosleep.Ihavebeenafraidtosleepforthelastfewweeks.Iamsotiredthat,finally,Idosleep,butonlyforafewminutes.Itisnotabaddreamthatwakesme;itistherealityItookwithmeintosleep.1trytothinkofsomethingelse.

Immediatelythewomaninthemarketplacecomesintomymind.

IwasonmywaytodinnerlastnightwhenIsawher.Shewassellingskirts.ShemovedwiththesameeaseandlovelinessIoftensawinthewomenofLaos.Herlongblackhairwasasshinyastheblacksilkoftheskirtsshewasselling.Inherhair,sheworethreesilkribbons,blue,green,andwhite.TheyremindedmeofmychildhoodandhowmygirlfriendsandIusedtospendhoursbraidingribbonsintoourhair.

Idon’tknowthewordfor“ribbons”，soIputmyhandtomyownhairand,withthreefingersagainstmyhead.Ilookedatherribbonsandsaid“beautiful”.Sheloweredhereyesandsaidnothing.Iwasn’tsureifsheunderstoodme(Idon’tspeakLaotianverywell).

Ilookedbackdownattheskirts.Theyhaddesignsinthem:squaresandtrianglesandcirclesofpinkandgreensilk.Theywereverypretty.Idecidedtobuyoneofthoseskirts,andIbegantobargainwithherovertheprice.ItisthecustomtobargaininAsia.InLaosbargainingisdoneinsoftvoicesandeasymoveswiththesortofquietpeacefulness.

Shesmiled,morewithhereyesthanwithherlips.ShewaspleasedbythefewwordsIwasabletosayinherlanguage,althoughtheyweremostlynumbers,andshesawthatIunderstoodsomethingaboutthesoftplayfulnessofbargaining.Weshookourheadsindisagreementovertheprice;then,immediately,wemadeanotherofferandthenanothershakeofthehead.Shewassopleasedthatunexpectedly,sheacceptedthelastofferImade.Butitwastoosoon.Thepricewastoolow.Shewasbeingtoogenerousandwouldn'tmakeenoughmoney.Imovedquicklyandpickeduptwomoreskirtsandpaidforallthreetimesasmuchbeforeshehadachancetolowerthepriceforthelargerpurchase.Shesmiledopenlythen,and,forthefirsttimeinmonths,myspiritlifted.Ialmostfelthappy.

Thefeelingstayedwithmewhileshewrappedtheskirtsinanewspaperandhandedthemtome.WhenIleft,though,thefeelingleft.too.Itwasasthoughitstayedbehindinmarketplace.Ilefttearsinmythroat,Iwantedtocry.Ididn’tofcourse.

Ihavelearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatishard;withoutknowingit,Ihavealsolearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatissoftandwhatshouldbeeasy.

Igetup,lightacandleandwanttolookattheskirts.Theyarestillinthenewspaperthatthewomanwrappedthemin.IremovethepaperandraisetheskirtsuptolookatthemagainbeforeIpackthem.Somethingfallstofloor.Ireachdownandfeelsomethingcoolinmyhand.ImoveclosetothecradlelighttoseewhatIhave.Therearefivelongsilkribbonsinmyhand,alldifferentcolors.Thewomaninthemarketplace!Shehasgiventheseribbonstome!

Thereisnodefenseagainstagenerousspirit,andthistimeIcry.andveryhard,asifIcouldmakeupforallthemonthsthatIdidn'tcry.

1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTcorrect?

2.Thewriterassumedthatthewomanacceptedthelastoffermainlybecausethewoman（）.

3.Whydidthewriterfinallydecidetobuythreeskirts?

4.Whendidthewriterleftthemarketplace,shewantedtocry,butdidnotbecause（）.

5.Whydidthewritercryeventuallywhenshelookedattheskirtsagain?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thewriterwasnotusedtobargaining.

B.PeopleinAsiaalwaysbargainwhenbuyingthings.

C.BargaininginLaoswasquietandpeaceful.

D.Thewriterwasreadytobargainwiththewoman.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.thoughtthatthelastofferwasreasonable

B.thoughtshecouldstillmakemuchmoney

C.wasgladthatthewriterknewtheirwayofbargaining

D.wastiredofbargainingwiththewriteranymore

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theskirtswerecheapandpretty.

B.Shelikedthepatternsontheskirts.

C.Shewantedtodosomethingascompensation.

D.Shewasfedupwithfurtherbargainingwiththewoman.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.shehadlearnedtostaycoolandunfeeling

B.shewasafraidofcryinginpublic

C.shehadlearnedtofacedifficultiesbravely

D.shehadtoshowinpublicthatshewasstrong.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Shesuddenlyfeltverysad.

B.Shelikedtheribbonssomuch.

C.Shewasovercomebyemotion.

D.Shefeltsorryforthewoman.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。A:作者不習(xí)慣討價(jià)還價(jià)。B:亞洲人買(mǎi)東西總是講價(jià)。C:在老撾，討價(jià)還價(jià)是安靜而和平的。D:作家準(zhǔn)備和那個(gè)女人討價(jià)還價(jià)。第五段指出:Idecidedtobuyoneofthoseskirts,andIbegantobargainwithherovertheprice.ItisthecustomtobargaininAsia(我決定買(mǎi)一條那樣的裙子，我開(kāi)始和她討價(jià)還價(jià)。在亞洲，討價(jià)還價(jià)是一種習(xí)俗)。由此得知，B項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)正確。第五段還指出:InLaosbargainingisdoneinsoftvoicesandeasymoveswiththesortofquietpeacefulness(在老撾，討價(jià)還價(jià)是以較低的聲音，和一種輕松平靜的方式進(jìn)行的)。因此C項(xiàng)正確。只有A項(xiàng)在原文中找不到線索，故選A。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第六段指出:ShewaspleasedbythefewwordsIwasabletosayinherlanguage,althoughtheyweremostlynumbers,andshesawthatIunderstoodsomethingaboutthesoftplayfulnessofbargaining(對(duì)于我能夠說(shuō)一些她們國(guó)家的語(yǔ)言她感到非常高興，雖然我說(shuō)的大部分都是一些數(shù)字，但是在她看來(lái)我是非常清楚這種輕松愉悅的討價(jià)還價(jià)的方式的)。由此可知這位姑娘因作者能夠說(shuō)她們國(guó)家的語(yǔ)言和懂得相關(guān)的討價(jià)還價(jià)的方式而感到高興。后面接著寫(xiě)到:Shewassopleasedthatunexpectedly,sheacceptedthelastofferImade(她感到非常開(kāi)心，以至于讓我感到意外的是，她竟然接受了我最后的出價(jià))。因此C項(xiàng)“感到高興，因?yàn)樽髡咧浪齻冇憙r(jià)還價(jià)的方法”正確。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第六段指出:Thepricewastoolow.Shewasbeingtoogenerousandwouldn'tmakeenoughmoney.Imovedquicklyandpickeduptwomoreskirtsandpaidforallthreetimesasmuchbeforeshehadachancetolowerthepriceforthelargerpurchase(這個(gè)價(jià)格實(shí)在是太低了。她太慷慨了，幾乎賺不到什么錢(qián)。擔(dān)心她因?yàn)槲屹I(mǎi)得多而再次降低價(jià)格，我迅速地再挑了兩條裙子，付錢(qián)，然后離開(kāi))。故選C項(xiàng)“她想做點(diǎn)什么作為補(bǔ)償”。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。倒數(shù)第三段指出:Ihavelearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatishard;withoutknowingit,Ihavealsolearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatissoftandwhatshouldbeeasy(我學(xué)會(huì)了抗拒困難，不知不覺(jué)中，我也學(xué)會(huì)了不被溫柔輕松俘獲)。由此可見(jiàn)，作者沒(méi)哭是因?yàn)樗呀?jīng)學(xué)會(huì)讓情緒不輕易受到影響，故選A項(xiàng)“她已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了保持冷靜”。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。最后一段指出:Thereisnodefenseagainstagenerousspirit,andthistimeIcry...(對(duì)于她的這種慷慨精神毫無(wú)防御，這次我哭了……)。因此作者最后還是哭了是因?yàn)楫?dāng)她再次打開(kāi)包裝想看一下這些裙子時(shí)才發(fā)現(xiàn)這位老撾姑娘送了自己五條長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的絲帶，因此C項(xiàng)“她沒(méi)有控制住自己的情緒”正確。

2.單選題

（）hisknowledgeandacademicbackground,heisbasicallystupid.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Butfor

B.Accordingto

C.Forall

D.Thanksto

【答案】C

【解析】句意:盡管他有一定的知識(shí)和學(xué)術(shù)背景，但是從根本上來(lái)說(shuō)他還是很笨的。

考查短語(yǔ)辨析。butfor要不是，如果沒(méi)有；accordingto按照，根據(jù)；forall盡管，雖然；thanksto由于，幸虧。根據(jù)后半句句意“從根本上來(lái)說(shuō)他還是很笨的”可知前半句表示讓步，故選C項(xiàng)。

3.單選題

NowapaperinSciencearguesthatorganicchemicalsintherockcomemostlyfrom（

）onearthratherthanbacteriaonMars.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.configuration

B.constitution

C.condemnation

D.contamination

【答案】D

【解析】考察名詞詞義辨析。Configuration“布置，結(jié)構(gòu)”；constitution“建立，組成，憲法”;condemnation“譴責(zé)”;contamination“污染，玷污;污染物”。句意：最近在《科學(xué)》雜志上發(fā)表的一篇文章認(rèn)為，巖層大部分有有機(jī)化學(xué)物質(zhì)來(lái)自于地球上的污染而不是火星上的細(xì)菌。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.單選題

Atsometimeinyourlifeyoumayhaveastrongdesiretodosomethingstrangeorterrible.However,chancesarethatyoudon’tactonyourimpulse,butletitpassinstead.Youknowthattocommittheactioniswronginsomewayandthatotherpeoplewillnotacceptyourbehavior.

Perhapsthemostinterestingthingaboutthephenomenonoftaboobehaviorishowitcanchangeovertheyearswithinthesamesociety,howcertainbehaviorandattitudesonceconsideredtaboocanbecomeperfectlyacceptableandnaturalatanotherpointintime.Topicssuchasdeath,forexample,wereonceconsideredsoupsettingandunpleasantthatitwasatabootoeventalkaboutthem.NowwiththepublicationofimportantbookssuchasOnDeathandDyingandLearningtoSayGoodbye,peoplehavebecomemoreawareoftheimportanceofexpressingfeelingsaboutdeathand,asaresult,aremorewillingtotalkaboutthistaboosubject.

OneofthenewesttaboosinAmericansocietyisthetopicoffat.Unlikemanyothertaboos,fatistopicthatAmericanstalkaboutconstantly.It’snottaboototalkaboutfat;it’stabootobefat.The“in”lookisthin,notfat.Intheworkworld,mostcompaniespreferyouthful-looking,trimexecutivestoselltheirimageaswellastheirproductstothepublic.Thethinlookisassociatedwithyouth,vigor,andsuccess.Thefatperson,ontheotherhand,isthoughtofaslazyandlackinginenergy,self-discipline,andself-respect.Inanimage-conscioussocietyliketheU.S.,thinis“in”,fatis“out”.

It’snotsurprising,then,thatmillionsofAmericanshavebecomeobsessedwithstayingslimand“inshape”.Thepursuitofayouthfulphysicalappearanceisnot,however,thesolereasonforAmerica’sfascinationwithdietandexercise.Recentresearchhasshownthecriticalimportanceofdietandexerciseforpersonalhealth.Asinmosttechnologicallydevelopednations,thelife-styleofNorthAmericanshaschangeddramaticallyduringthecourseofthelastcentury.Modernmachinesdoallthephysicallaborthatpeoplewereonceforcedtodobyhand.Carsandbusestransportusquicklyfrompointtopoint.Asaresultofinactivityanddisuse,people’sbodiescaneasilybecomeweakandvulnerabletodisease.Inanefforttoavoidsuchafate,millionsofAmericansarespendingmoreoftheirtimeexercising.

66.Fromthepassagewecaninfertaboois______.

67.Basedontheideaspresentedinthepassagewecanconclude“beingfat”_______inAmericansociety.

68.Thetopicoffatis______manyothertaboosubjects.

69.IntheU.S.,thinis“in”,fatis“out”,thismeans______.

70.Apartfromthisnewunderstandingofthecorrelationbetweenhealthandexercise,themainreasonthepassagegivesforwhysomanyAmericansareexercisingregularlyis______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.astrongdesiretodosomethingstrangeorterrible

B.acrimecommittedonimpulse

C.behaviorconsideredunacceptableinsociety’seyes

D.anunfavorableimpressionleftonotherpeople

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.willalwaysremainataboo

B.isnotconsideredataboobymostpeople

C.haslongbeenataboo

D.maynolongerbeataboosomeday

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.thesameas

B.differentfrom

C.morepopularthan

D.lessoftentalkedaboutthan

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.thinis“inside”,fatis“outside”

B.thinis“diligent”,fatis“l(fā)azy”

C.thinis“youthful”,fatis“spiritless”

D.thinis“fashionable”,fatis“unfashionable”

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.theirchangedlife-style

B.theireagernesstostaythinandyouthful

C.theirappreciationoftheimportanceofexercise

D.theencouragementtheyhavereceivedfromtheircompanies

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】66.推理判斷題。題干意思是“從文章中我們可以推斷禁忌是……”。根據(jù)第二段第一句Perhapsthemostinterestingthingaboutthephenomenonoftaboobehaviorishowitcanchangeovertheyearswithinthesamesociety,howcertainbehaviorandattitudesonceconsideredtaboocanbecomeperfectlyacceptableandnaturalatanotherpointintime.（也許關(guān)于禁忌行為現(xiàn)象最有趣的事情是它是如何在同一社會(huì)中隨著時(shí)間的推移而改變的，某些曾經(jīng)被認(rèn)為是禁忌的行為和態(tài)度是如何在另一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)變得完全可接受和自然的）可知，某些曾經(jīng)被認(rèn)為是禁忌的行為和態(tài)度在另一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)變得完全可接受和自然的，那么可以推斷禁忌是不可以被接受的一種行為，所以C項(xiàng)“被社會(huì)認(rèn)為是不可接受的行為”正確。A項(xiàng)“想要做一些奇怪或可怕的事情的強(qiáng)烈欲望”是干擾項(xiàng)，在第一段中有原話Atsometimeinyourlifeyoumayhaveastrongdesiretodosomethingstrangeorterrible.（在你生命中的某些時(shí)候，你可能有強(qiáng)烈的欲望去做一些奇怪或可怕的事情），這是為了引出禁忌行為這個(gè)話題，不是禁忌的推斷結(jié)果，所以A項(xiàng)不選；B項(xiàng)“沖動(dòng)而犯的罪行”，文中沒(méi)有提到罪行；D項(xiàng)“給別人留下不好的印象”太廣泛，不能準(zhǔn)確表述禁忌的含義。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

67.推理判斷題。題干意思是“根據(jù)文章中提出的觀點(diǎn)，我們可以得出推斷‘變得肥胖’在美國(guó)社會(huì)是……”。第二段第一句指出Perhapsthemostinterestingthingaboutthephenomenonoftaboobehaviorishowitcanchangeovertheyearswithinthesamesociety,howcertainbehaviorandattitudesonceconsideredtaboocanbecomeperfectlyacceptableandnaturalatanotherpointintime.（也許關(guān)于禁忌行為現(xiàn)象最有趣的事情是它是如何在同一社會(huì)中隨著時(shí)間的推移而改變的，某些曾經(jīng)被認(rèn)為是禁忌的行為和態(tài)度是如何在另一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)變得完全可接受和自然的），可知禁忌行為在某一天可以變得能夠接受；接著第三段討論到了美國(guó)社會(huì)的肥胖問(wèn)題，根據(jù)第三段第三句It’snottaboototalkaboutfat;it’stabootobefat.（談?wù)摲逝植⒉皇墙?，變得肥胖才是禁忌）可知變得肥胖在美?guó)社會(huì)是一個(gè)禁忌，那么根據(jù)這兩處可以推斷，變得肥胖在美國(guó)社會(huì)中雖然是一個(gè)不可接受的禁忌行為，但是在某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)可能會(huì)變得可以接受，所以D項(xiàng)“在將來(lái)某一天可能不再是一個(gè)禁忌”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“將永遠(yuǎn)是一個(gè)禁忌”不符合原文；第三段第一句提到OneofthenewesttaboosinAmericansocietyisthetopicoffat.（關(guān)于肥胖的話題是美國(guó)社會(huì)最新的禁忌之一），B項(xiàng)“不被大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為是禁忌”表述錯(cuò)誤；C項(xiàng)“長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)一直是禁忌”錯(cuò)誤，文中提到肥胖是美國(guó)社會(huì)最新的禁忌，所以不可能長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)都是。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

68.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“關(guān)于肥胖的話題與許多其他禁忌話題相比，是……”。第三段第二句提到Unlikemanyothertaboos,fatistopicthatAmericanstalkaboutconstantly.（不像其他的禁忌，肥胖是美國(guó)人經(jīng)常談?wù)摰脑掝}）可知，肥胖的話題不同于其他禁忌話題，所以B項(xiàng)“不同的”正確。A項(xiàng)“一樣的”和D項(xiàng)“不常被討論的”表述與原文相反；C項(xiàng)“更受歡迎的”為干擾項(xiàng)，文中指出禁忌是人們不能接受的行為，所以不可能會(huì)受到歡迎。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

69.推理判斷題。題干意思是“在美國(guó)，瘦是‘in’，胖是‘out’，這句話的意思是……”。根據(jù)第三段第五句Intheworkworld,mostcompaniespreferyouthful-looking,trimexecutivestoselltheirimageaswellastheirproductstothepublic.（在工作中，大多數(shù)公司更喜歡年輕、苗條的主管來(lái)向公眾推銷(xiāo)自己的形象和產(chǎn)品）和最后一句Inanimage-conscioussocietyliketheU.S.,thinis“in”,fatis“out”.（在像美國(guó)這樣注重形象的社會(huì)里，瘦是“in”，胖是“out”）可知，在注重形象的美國(guó)社會(huì)，瘦的人才可以向大眾推銷(xiāo)形象和產(chǎn)品，那么可以推斷瘦在美國(guó)代表時(shí)髦，而胖則是過(guò)時(shí)，所以D項(xiàng)“瘦是‘時(shí)尚’，胖是‘不時(shí)尚’”正確。A項(xiàng)“瘦是‘內(nèi)’，胖是‘外’”不符合原文意思；B項(xiàng)“瘦是‘勤奮’，胖是‘懶惰’”文中沒(méi)有提到瘦是勤奮；C項(xiàng)“瘦是‘年輕’，胖是‘無(wú)精打采’”為干擾項(xiàng)，第三段雖然提到Thethinlookisassociatedwithyouth,vigor,andsuccess.Thefatperson,ontheotherhand,isthoughtofaslazyandlackinginenergy,self-discipline,andself-respect.（瘦削的外表與年輕、活力和成功聯(lián)系在一起。另一方面，胖人被認(rèn)為懶惰、缺乏活力、自律和自尊。），但是C項(xiàng)表述比較片面。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

70.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“除了對(duì)健康和鍛煉之間的關(guān)系有了新的理解，這篇文章給出的為什么這么多美國(guó)人經(jīng)常鍛煉的主要原因是……”。在文章最后兩句提到Asaresultofinactivityanddisuse,people’sbodiescaneasilybecomeweakandvulnerabletodisease.Inanefforttoavoidsuchafate,millionsofAmericansarespendingmoreoftheirtimeexercising.（由于不活動(dòng)，人們的身體很容易變得虛弱和容易得病。為了避免這樣的命運(yùn)，數(shù)百萬(wàn)美國(guó)人把更多的時(shí)間花在鍛煉上。），由此可知，美國(guó)人花時(shí)間鍛煉的原因是為了保持健康，即他們認(rèn)識(shí)到鍛煉的重要性，所以C項(xiàng)“他們對(duì)鍛煉重要性的認(rèn)識(shí)”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“他們生活方式的改變”是現(xiàn)代機(jī)器取代體力勞動(dòng)的結(jié)果；B項(xiàng)“他們對(duì)保持苗條和青春的渴望”是美國(guó)人想要變瘦的原因，因?yàn)槭荽碇鴷r(shí)髦；D項(xiàng)“他們從公司得到的鼓勵(lì)”最后一段沒(méi)有提到。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Theyhaveareciprocalloathingforeachother.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.aslighttrusting

B.adeepmotivating

C.amutualdisgust

D.alastingfight

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)aslighttrusting輕微的信任；B選項(xiàng)adeepmotivating深刻的激勵(lì)；C選項(xiàng)amutualdisgust相互間厭惡；D選項(xiàng)alastingfight持久的斗爭(zhēng)。根據(jù)句意可知：他們都很厭惡對(duì)方，因此選擇C選項(xiàng)。

6.單選題

Somethingssimplycannotbealteredand（）peopleacceptthis,notwastingenergyontryingtodotheimpossible.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.rough

B.plastic

C.harsh

D.resilient

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)rough“粗糙的”，B項(xiàng)plastic“塑料的”，C項(xiàng)harsh“嚴(yán)厲的、刺耳的”，D項(xiàng)resilient“可迅速恢復(fù)的、堅(jiān)韌的”；句意：有些東西根本無(wú)法改變，有韌性的人能接受這一點(diǎn)，不會(huì)浪費(fèi)精力來(lái)做不可能的事。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Itisnotuncommonforclosesynonymstobeunderstoodtosharethesamemeaning.Thedifferencebetweenwordslike“hard”and"difficult",forexample,goestragicallyunnoticed.Onemayemployoneortheotherwithcompleteindifference,postulatingnodiscrepancybetweenthem.Ingeneralthisiswellandgood;mostpeoplelackthescrupulouspedanticalnesstoquibbleoversuchtrifles.Nevertheless,forthoseofuswithamplecompulsiveness(andtime),itisofsignificantvaluetocomprehendsuchnuances.

Takeforexamplethefollowingsentences:1)Thetestwashard.2)Thetestwasdifficult.Isthedifferencebetweenthesesynonymsreadilyapparent?Isthereanoticeabledifferencebetweenthematall?Indeed,thesequestionsarevalidandwarrantanswer.For,whatwouldbethepointtohavingmultiplewordswiththeexactsamemeaning?No,thatwouldbesuperfluous;theEnglishlanguagebeingfartooeconomical.Whilemanyclosesynonymssharesimilar,ifnotthesame,dictionarydefinitions,thefeeling,ormood,theyconveyisutterlysingular.Althoughadictionarycanprovideinformationaboutwordmeanings,pronunciations,etymologies,inflectedforms,derivedforms,etcetera,itcannotcommunicatehowitfeelstouseaword.

So,ifthereisindeedadifferencebetweenwordslike"hard"and“difficult”，whatisit?Tobegin,"hard"ispragmaticandrealistic,firmlygroundedinreality.Itisautilitarianwordthatgetsthejobdoneanddoesn’tapologizeforitsbrusque,uncouthnature.Ontheotherhand,"difficult”iseloquentandrefined.Itiscivilized,willingtoexpendtheeffortnecessarytoappearurbane.Why,themeredifferenceinsonicqualitybetweenthemisstrikingenough.“Hard”makesaquick,unassumingsound,havingbutasinglesyllable(voicedundercertaininflections,itcanevencomeacrossasharsh),while"difficult"ismorelengthyandmelodic,itsnumberofsyllablestotalingthreetimesthatofitscounterpart.Furthermore,"hard"ismorelikelytobeusedincasual,informalcircumstances,ortocommunicateanidea"onthego"orsimplyto"getitout"asthesayingsgo.Itisusedwithoutpretense,anddoesnotmaintainafeelingofbeingoverlyconcerned.Intermsofdailyusage,"hard"maybeemployedbyanexhaustedbrickmasonwhenposedwiththequestion,"Howwasyourday?"Conversely,"difficult”maybeusedbyamilitarygeneraluponexplainingtohisorhersuperiortheprogressionofaparticularlytaxingcampaign.Similarto"hard"and"difficult",thewords"weird"and"strange"tooareclosesynonyms,andmayseeminglybeusedinterchangeably.Takeforinstancethefollowingsentences:1)Seamonkeysareweird.2)Seamonkeysarestrange.Contrarytopopularbelief,thesesentencesarenottautologous.Sohowdotheydiffer?Theirdictionarydefinitionsarenearlyidentical,sothedifferencedoesnotliethere.Rather,thedifferenceinvolvesthefeeling,ormood,thatthesewordsconvey.Noticethatwhile"weird"and"strange"bothhavebutonesyllable,thelatterhasaremarkablydistinguishedfeel.

Similarto"hard","weird"conveysamorebasic,amorecrude,sentiment.Something"weird"iscrassorgross,andistypicallyundesirable.Noonewantstobeassociatedwithsomething"weird".Iftryingtoimpresssomeone,oneprobablydoesn'twanttobecategorizedamongthe"weird".Ontheotherhand,ifsomethingislabeledas"strange",itisnotnecessarilybad.Rather,something"strange"issimplyabnormal,orunusual―adeviationfromwhatisexpected.Thisdistinctionbetween"weird"and"strange"issopronouncedthatthelattercanbeusedasaeuphemismfortheformerincertainsituations.Forexample,noticehowasimplesubstitutionisabletomakethefollowingsentencelessoffensive:"Yourmother'scookiestasteweird"comparedto“Yourmother'scookiestastestrange".Intheformersentence,thespeakersoundsasthoughheorsheisinsultingyourmother'scookies,statingthattheytastebad.Inthelattersentence,however,thespeakersoundsasthoughthecookiessimplytastedifferent,orunusual,comparedtowhatheorsheisusedto—thedifferenceowingtotheinnocuousadditionoftoomuchflour,perhaps.

Finally,let'slookatthesynonyms,"happy"and"glad".Asintheaforementionedcases,thesewordsseemtohavelittleornodiscernibledifferencebetweenthem.Takeforexamplethefollowingsentences:1)Tommyishappybecausehegotanewbike.2)Tommyisgladbecausehegotanewbike.Mostunderstandthesesentencestohavethesamemeaning.Andagain,uponconsultingadictionary,onewillfindhighlysimilar,ifnotthesame,definitions.Butthesedefinitionslackthefeeling,theuniqueemotionalchargethatthesewordsconvey.Theword“happy”conveysasenseoflevity,oracarefreeattitude.Thethoughtofsomeonewhois“happy”conjurestheimageofabright-eyed,ruddy,smilingface.Oneis“happy”onthemorningofhisbirthday,discoveringanewpuppyboundingintohisbedroom.Ontheotherhand,theword“glad”conjurestheimageofamanstandingcrossed-armed,noddinggently.Astoicgrincrossinghisface.Oneis“glad”whenheseesthatthechild’slostpuppyhasbeenfound,andwasmerelyfrolickingtoofarfromhome.

Granted,thenotionthatclosesynonymscanbeusedinterchangeablyisprevalentamongEnglishspeakers.Andalas,thedictionary—thetextpurportedtoberesponsibleforclarifyingsuchissues—isoflittleassistance.Intheend,itislefttous,thespeakersofthelanguage,thoseactivelyresponsibleformaintainingitssustenanceandgeneration,tounderstandhowthesewordsmakeusfeelandwhatmoodweareinclinedtoattachtothem.Usingtheexamplesandinsightsdescribedabove,onemaycometorecognizethesesubtle,yetcrucial,differences.

1.Whatisthethesisstatementinthispassage?

2.Asusedinparagraph1,whatismostlikelymeantby“scrupulouspedanticalness”？

3.Asusedinparagraph2,whichofthefollowingbestdescribessomethingthatissuperfluous?

4.Inparagraph3,theauthorwrites:"Tobegin,'hard'ispragmaticandrealistic,firmlygroundedinreality.Itisautilitarianwordthatgetsthejobdoneanddoesn'tapologizeforitsbrusque,uncouthnature.Ontheotherhand,"'difficultiseloquentandrefined.Itiscivilized,willingtoexpendtheeffortnecessarytoappearurbane."Whichofthefollowingliterarydevicesisusedinthisquotation?

5.Withrespecttothewayinwhichclosesynonymsarecommonlyunderstood,theauthor'stonecanbestbedescribedas（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itisnotuncommonforclosesynonymstobebelievedtosharethesamemeaning.(paragraph1)

B.However,forthoseofuswithamplecompulsiveness(andtime),itisofsignificantvaluetocomprehendsuchnuances.(paragraph1)

C.Whilemanyclosesynonymssharesimilar,ifnotthesame,dictionarydefinitions,thefeeling,ormood,theyconveyisutterlysingular.(paragraph2)

D.Althoughadictionarycanprovideinformationaboutwordmeanings,pronunciations,etymologies,inflectedforms,derivedforms,etcetera,itcannotcommunicatetheenergyofaword,(paragraph2)

E.Intheend,itislefttous,thespeakersofthelanguage,thoseactivelyresponsibleformaintainingitssustenanceandgeneration,tounderstandhowthesewordsmakeusfeelandwhatmoodweareinclinedtoattachtothem.(paragraph6)

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.mildcuriosity

B.wryskepticismof

C.passionateindignation

D.stubbornreluctance

E.excessiveconcern

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Yokoexpectstohavesixdinnerguests,soshesetsthetablewithsixplaces.Ontheside,however,shekeepsanothertwoplacesjustincaseherguestsbringfriends.

B.Theinstructionssaytofillthetireswith35-38poundspersquareinchofair,butMichelefillsthemwith40poundspersquareinchbecausetheyareoldandtendtoleak.

C.ManufactureofModel24AhadbeenscheduledtobeginonMay8.However,creditorsfailedtoforwardmuchneededmonetaryadvancements,delayingthestartofproductionuntilMay10.

D.Thepassingofsinger--songwriterJonathanOrionDavisleftthousands,ifnotmillions,inmourning.Thiswasreflectedbytheastoundingnumberofrosesplacedonhisopencoffin:averitablemountainthathadtoberelocatedbecausethosepayingtheirrespectscouldnolongerviewthedeceased.

E.Lavishedwithcriticalacclaim,thepublicationwasslatedtogeneratetremendousrevenueinsales.Unfortunately,demandhadbeenoverestimated,andasaresult,tenthousandcopiesneverleftstoreshelves.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Onomatopoeia

B.hyperbole

C.metaphor

D.personification

E.oxymoron

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.belligerent

B.supercilious

C.rueful

D.conscientious

E.blase

【答案】第1題:E

第2題:E

第3題:E

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中“Intheend,itislefttous,thespeakersofthelanguage,thoseactivelyresponsibleformaintainingitssustenanceandgeneration,tounderstandhowthesewordsmakeusfeelandwhatmoodweareinclinedtoattachtothem.”最后，去理解這些同義詞如何讓我們感受且我們傾向于為它們附上何種語(yǔ)氣成了這些積極負(fù)責(zé)同義詞的維持和產(chǎn)生的語(yǔ)言使用者的工作，可知E選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.詞義題。根據(jù)文章第一段中“Onemayemployoneortheotherwithcompleteindifference,postulatingnodiscrepancybetweenthem.Ingeneralthisiswellandgood;mostpeoplelackthescrupulouspedanticalnesstoquibbleoversuchtrifles”可知人們可能不在意這些同義詞的區(qū)別，說(shuō)明對(duì)同同義詞缺乏一種仔細(xì)認(rèn)真探究精神，因此E選項(xiàng)“過(guò)度關(guān)心”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“輕微的好奇心”；B選項(xiàng)“對(duì)……有固執(zhí)己見(jiàn)的懷疑”；C選項(xiàng)“激動(dòng)的憤慨”；D選項(xiàng)“執(zhí)拗的不情愿”。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段中“whatwouldbethepointtohavingmultiplewordswiththeexactsamemeaning?No,thatwouldbesuperfluous;theEnglishlanguagebeingfartooeconomical.”有許多意思完全相同的單詞有什么意義呢？沒(méi)有任何意義，那將是多余的;英語(yǔ)在用詞上非常簡(jiǎn)練，可知E選項(xiàng)中的“andasaresult”屬于多余的成分。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)句中“Itiscivilized,willingtoexpendtheeffortnecessarytoappearurbane.”它（指單詞difficult）是文明的，愿意付出必要的努力來(lái)顯得彬彬有禮。可知彬彬有禮一般是用來(lái)形容人的，此處用的是擬人的修辭手法，因此D選項(xiàng)“擬人”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“擬聲”；B選項(xiàng)“夸張”；C選項(xiàng)“暗喻”；E選項(xiàng)“矛盾修辭法，逆喻”。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段中“Thedifferencebetweenwordslike“hard”and"difficult",forexample,goestragicallyunnoticed.”例如，單詞hard和difficult這樣的詞之間的區(qū)別，不幸地沒(méi)有被注意到，可知作者的語(yǔ)氣是悲傷的，因此選C。

8.單選題

A（

）examinationisonewhichisinpreparationforsomething.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.predominant

B.premature

C.perfectible

D.preliminary

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)predominant“卓越的，支配的”；B選項(xiàng)premature“不成熟的”；C選項(xiàng)perfectible“可完成的”；D選項(xiàng)preliminary“初步的，開(kāi)始的”。句意：初步的測(cè)試是為某事做準(zhǔn)備的考試。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

9.單選題

Thei