考研考博-英語-東南大學(xué)成賢學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-東南大學(xué)成賢學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

（）thefactthathisinitialexperimentshadfailed,ProfessorWhitepersistedinhisresearch.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Becauseof

B.Inspiteof

C.Asto

D.Inviewof

【答案】B

【解析】詞義辨析題。Becauseof因?yàn)?；Inspiteof

盡管,

雖然；Asto至于；Inviewof由于。句意：雖然事實(shí)是他最初的實(shí)驗(yàn)失敗了,

但是White教授依然堅(jiān)持他的研究。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

2.單選題

Floodscausebillionsofdollarsworthofpropertydamage（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.relatively

B.actually

C.annually

D.comparatively

【答案】C

【解析】句意:洪水每年都造成幾十億美元價(jià)值的財(cái)產(chǎn)損害。

考查副詞辨析。relatively相對地；比較地；actually實(shí)際上；annually每年；comparatively比較上；相對地。因此C符合句意。

3.單選題

Contemporaryofficetechnologyrequiressoftwareorprogramstocarryoutcomplicatedinformationprocessingactivities.Referencestosoftwareusuallyindicateasetofinstructions.Abroaderapplicationofthetermincludesanynohardwareelementofacomputersystem:programs,writtendocumentationtoaccompanyprograms,flowcharts,andusermanuals,forexample.Thelatteruseofthetermisrare.

Softwareisnowavailablefromavarietyofsources:hardwaremanufacturersandvendors,softwarehouses(firmsthatdevelopandmarketsoftware),andstaffprogrammers(userdevelopedsoftware).Officesupplyhouses,computershops,andevenbookstoresmarketpackagedsoftwareforthemicrocomputermarket.

Earlycomputerusersthoughtintermsofdevelopingtheirownsoftwareorusingsoftwaredevelopedbycomputermanufacturestoperformtheinformationprocessingactivitiesdesiredformthecomputersystem.Usersofmediumtolargescalecomputersystem.Stillrelyheavilyonprogramsdeveloped,tested,andperfectedbytheirownprogrammers.

Largetomediumscalecomputermanufacturersorvendorshavetraditionallyincludedsoftwarewiththesystempackage,sometimesprovidealterationsnecessarytocustomizetheprogramstouserneeds.Thesepackageshaverepresentedsignificantportionsofthepurchasesorleasepriceofsystems.

Themicrocomputerrevolutionintheearly1980sbroughtwithittheconceptofthecommercialsoftwarepublisher(softwarehouse).Companieswereformedtoengageinwritingandmarketingsoftwareforalltypesandsizesofcomputers,butthoseproducingsoftwareformicrocomputerswereespeciallynumerous.Majorhardwaremanufacturersbegantomarketsoftwareproducedbythesesoftwarespecialistswiththesystems.Thequalityoftheprogramsandinstructionalmaterialsthataccompaniedthemwasfrequentlypoor.Becauseoftheeasewithwhichuserscouldduplicatesoftware,softwarepricesremainedhigh.Yet,thesehighpriceswerefrequentlypreferabletothecostofprogramsdevelopedinhouse.Experienceandcompetitionhaveincreasedaqualityofbothprogramsandinstructionalmaterials.

1.Accordingtothepassage,themostcommonlyuseddefinitionofsoftwareis（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

3.Largetomediumscalecomputermanufacturers（）.

4.Sincethemicrocomputerrevolutionintheearly1980s,（）.

5.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.complicatedinformationprocessingactivities

B.anynohardwareelementofacomputersystem

C.asetofinstructions

D.flowchartsandusermanuals

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Nowhardwaremanufacturersalsodevelopandmarketsoftware.

B.Earlycomputerusershadnochoicebuttodeveloptheirownsoftware.

C.Softwareisnowavailableforthemicrocomputeruserevenfrombookstores.

D.Earlycomputermanufacturersalsodevelopedandmarketedsoftware.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.relyheavilyonsoftwaredevelopedbytheircustomers

B.usedtoincludesoftwarewiththesystempackage

C.canmakechangesforsoftwaretomeetcustomerneeds

D.selltheirsystempackagesatverylowprices

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.commercialsoftwarepublishershavegraduallydisappeared

B.majorhardwaremanufacturerbegantodeveloptheirownsoftware

C.manycompaniesstoppedthedevelopmentofsoftwareforlargecomputers

D.therehavebeennumerouschoicesofsoftwareformicrocomputerusers

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.itwillcostagreatdealmoreforcomputeruserstodeveloptheirownsoftwarethanbuyit

B.softwarepricesremainedhighbecauseitwasnoteasytodevelopanysoftware

C.itisverydifficultforuserstoduplicatesoftware

D.softwarehaslongbeenofhighqualityduetoexperienceandcompetition

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第一段第二句Referencestosoftwareusuallyindicateasetofinstructions.（對軟件的引用通常表示一組指令。）因此可以看出最常見的定義就是一組指令，C選項(xiàng)“一組指令”正確。A選項(xiàng)“復(fù)雜的信息處理活動”，在第一段的第一句Contemporaryofficetechnologyrequiressoftwareorprogramstocarryoutcomplicatedinformationprocessingactivities.（現(xiàn)代辦公技術(shù)需要軟件或程序來進(jìn)行復(fù)雜的信息處理活動。）它并不是軟件的定義；B選項(xiàng)“計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)的任何非硬件元素”和D選項(xiàng)“流程圖和用戶手冊”，在第一段Abroaderapplicationofthetermincludes...forexample.Thelatteruseofthetermisrare.（這個術(shù)語的更廣泛的應(yīng)用包括計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)的任何硬件元素：例如程序、伴隨程序的書面文檔、流程圖和用戶手冊。后一種用法很少見。）但是原文說了這一種用法很少見，因此錯誤。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞定位到第三段第一句話Earlycomputerusersthoughtintermsofdeveloping...formthecomputersystem.（早期計(jì)算機(jī)用戶的想法是開發(fā)自己的軟件或使用計(jì)算機(jī)制造商開發(fā)的軟件來執(zhí)行所需的計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)信息處理活動。）因此B選項(xiàng)“早期的計(jì)算機(jī)用戶別無選擇，只能開發(fā)自己的軟件”是不正確的。A選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)在硬件制造商也開發(fā)和銷售軟件”，在第二段的第一句Softwareisnowavailablefromavarietyofsources:hardwaremanufacturersandvendors,softwarehouses(firmsthatdevelopandmarketsoftware),andstaffprogrammers(userdevelopedsoftware).軟件現(xiàn)在可以從各種來源獲得：硬件制造商和供應(yīng)商、軟件公司（開發(fā)和銷售軟件的公司）和職員程序員（用戶開發(fā)軟件）。A項(xiàng)正確；C選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)在微機(jī)用戶甚至可以從書店買到軟件”，在第二段的第二句Officesupplyhouses,computershops,andevenbookstoresmarketpackagedsoftwareforthemicrocomputermarket.（辦公用品店、電腦店，甚至?xí)甓枷蛭C(jī)市場出售打包的軟件。）C選項(xiàng)正確；D選項(xiàng)“早期的計(jì)算機(jī)制造商也開發(fā)和銷售軟件”，在第三段的第一句Earlycomputerusersthoughtintermsofdevelopingtheirownsoftwareorusingsoftwaredevelopedbycomputermanufacturestoperformtheinformationprocessingactivitiesdesiredformthecomputersystem.（早期計(jì)算機(jī)用戶的想法是開發(fā)自己的軟件或使用計(jì)算機(jī)制造商開發(fā)的軟件來執(zhí)行所需的計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)信息處理活動。）可見之前的制造商也開發(fā)并銷售軟件，D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干和選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞定位到倒數(shù)第二段第一句話Largetomediumscalecomputermanufacturersorvendorshavetraditionallyincludedsoftwarewiththesystempackage,sometimesprovidealterationsnecessarytocustomizetheprogramstouserneeds.（大型到中型計(jì)算機(jī)制造商或供應(yīng)商傳統(tǒng)上在系統(tǒng)包中包括軟件，有時提供必要的修改，以定制程序，以滿足用戶的需要。）因此B選項(xiàng)“過去常常在系統(tǒng)包中包含軟件”正確。A選項(xiàng)“嚴(yán)重依賴客戶開發(fā)的軟件”，在倒數(shù)第三段的最后一句話Stillrelyheavilyonprogramsdeveloped,tested,andperfectedbytheirownprogrammers.（仍然嚴(yán)重依賴由他們自己的程序員開發(fā)、測試和完善的程序。）依賴的是程序員開發(fā)的軟件而不是客戶；C選項(xiàng)“可以對軟件進(jìn)行更改以滿足客戶的需求”，在倒數(shù)第二段的第一句sometimesprovidealterationsnecessarytocustomizetheprogramstouserneeds.（有時提供必要的修改，以定制程序，以滿足用戶的需要。）可以看出只是偶爾會這么做；D選項(xiàng)“以很低的價(jià)格出售他們的系統(tǒng)軟件包”，這個是文章沒有給出具體說法的。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到倒數(shù)第一段第二句話Companieswereformedtoengageinwritingandmarketingsoftwareforalltypesandsizesofcomputers,butthoseproducingsoftwareformicrocomputerswereespeciallynumerous.（公司的成立是為了從事為各種類型和大小的計(jì)算機(jī)編寫和銷售軟件，但是那些為微型計(jì)算機(jī)生產(chǎn)軟件的公司尤其多。）因此可以看出在微機(jī)革命之后，關(guān)于計(jì)算機(jī)軟件的公司增多了，D選項(xiàng)“微型計(jì)算機(jī)用戶有許多軟件可供選擇”正確。A選項(xiàng)“商業(yè)軟件出版商已經(jīng)逐漸消失”，原文并沒有說它消失了；B選項(xiàng)“主要的硬件制造商開始開發(fā)自己的軟件”，文章沒有具體提到這點(diǎn)；C選項(xiàng)“許多公司停止了大型計(jì)算機(jī)軟件的開發(fā)”，文章沒有提及。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞定位在文章最后一段Yet,thesehighpriceswerefrequentlypreferabletothecostofprogramsdevelopedinhouse.Experienceandcompetitionhaveincreasedaqualityofbothprogramsandinstructionalmaterials.（然而，這些高的價(jià)格往往是更可取的程序開發(fā)的內(nèi)部成本。經(jīng)驗(yàn)和競爭提高了課程和教學(xué)材料的質(zhì)量。）也就是說明這些軟件的開發(fā)主要都是難在經(jīng)驗(yàn)上，因此人們自己去開發(fā)的成本是會非常大的，A選項(xiàng)“計(jì)算機(jī)用戶開發(fā)自己的軟件比購買軟件的成本要高得多”正確。B選項(xiàng)“軟件價(jià)格居高不下是因?yàn)殚_發(fā)任何軟件都不容易”，太籠統(tǒng)，不夠具體；C選項(xiàng)“用戶很難復(fù)制軟件”，根據(jù)最后一段Becauseoftheeasewithwhichuserscouldduplicatesoftware,softwarepricesremainedhigh.（由于用戶可以很容易地復(fù)制軟件，軟件的價(jià)格仍然很高。）可以發(fā)現(xiàn)用戶復(fù)制軟件并不難；D選項(xiàng)“由于經(jīng)驗(yàn)和競爭，軟件長期以來一直是高質(zhì)量的”，在最后一段的倒數(shù)第四句Thequalityoftheprogramsandinstructionalmaterialsthataccompaniedthemwasfrequentlypoor.（節(jié)目和教學(xué)材料的質(zhì)量通常很差。）可見軟件的質(zhì)量并不是一直都很好。

4.單選題

Ithadhappened[A]toooftenthatthefarmerssoldtheirwheatsoonafterharvestwhenfarmdebtswerecomingdue,[B]onlytoseepricesrisingandspeculatorsgettingrich.Onvariousoccasions,producergroups[C]askedfirmercontrol,butthegovernmenthadnowishtobecomeinvolved,[D]atleastnotuntilwartimewhenwheatpricesthreatenedtorunwild.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.toooften

B.onlytosee

C.askedfirmercontrol

D.atleastnotuntil

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。C選項(xiàng)處應(yīng)表示“要求更嚴(yán)格的控制”，而只有askfor才表示“要求，請求”。應(yīng)將asked改為askedfor。

5.單選題

TheSpanishteam,whoarenotinsuperbform,willbedoingtheirbestnextweekto（）themselvesontheGermanteamforlastyear'sdefeat.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.remedy

B.reproach

C.revive

D.revenge

【答案】D

【解析】形近詞辨析。remedy補(bǔ)救，治療；reproach責(zé)備；revive使復(fù)興，使蘇醒；revenge報(bào)仇，雪恥。句意：西班牙隊(duì)雖然狀態(tài)不佳，但下周他們將竭盡全力為去年的失利向德國隊(duì)一雪前恥。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

6.單選題

Tendaysagotheyoungmaninformedhisbossofhisintentionto（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.resign

B.reject

C.retreat

D.replace

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。resign“辭職”；reject“拒絕”；retreat“撤退，后退”；replace“代替，替換”。句意：十天前，這個年輕人告知了他的老板他要離職的打算。A項(xiàng)符合題意。

7.單選題

Themanagerissomuchundertheinfluenceofhissecretarythatsheisthe（

）headofthedepartment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.potential

B.virtual

C.probable

D.natural

【答案】B

【解析】句意:老板受到了他秘書的極大影響以至于她是實(shí)質(zhì)上的老板了。

形容詞辨析。Potential有潛力的;virtual實(shí)質(zhì)上的;probable可能的;natural自然的。因此B符合句意。

8.單選題

Theconsequencesofthisill-advisedpolicyarealreadyknowntoallofushere,（

）tosaythatwehavesufferedmorelossesinthismonththaninthethreepreviousyears.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.itsuffice

B.sufficesit

C.sufficeit

D.itissuffice

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。suffice(it)tosay“說得夠多了”。句意：這項(xiàng)不明智政策的后果已經(jīng)人盡皆知，不必再多說什么，我們這個月所遭受的損失比前三年的還多。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

9.翻譯題

金銀玉器是一個總稱，通指對金、銀等金屬材質(zhì)及玉石進(jìn)行鍛煉、雕琢加工而成的佩戴裝飾品或觀賞工藝品。

我國金銀器的制造和使用已有三千多年的歷史。在商代青銅文化聞名于世的同時，就已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了金器。從傳世文物上來看，金銀器品種繁多，應(yīng)用廣泛。小到金銀首飾，大到佛塔供器，無不可以發(fā)現(xiàn)金銀器的蹤影。普通人家只是將金銀器用作佩飾可收藏，官宦人家則更用作飲食、生活用具，而宮廷中金銀器的使用則遍及佛事、飲食起居、冠服車馬、陳設(shè)裝飾等各個方面。從中可以想見金銀器對我們傳統(tǒng)文化及日常生活的深刻影響。

玉器是指用玉石手工雕刻琢磨而成，用于佩戴裝飾或陳設(shè)觀賞的藝術(shù)品。早期的玉器多用作禮器，少數(shù)用作佩飾。從良渚、紅山文化遺址中出土的古玉來看，新石器時期的玉器用作祭祀、陪葬的禮器外，還有辟邪的神秘意味，同時還是權(quán)力、財(cái)富和尊貴的象征，用玉的階層也只限于王公貴族。宋代以后，玉器的使用逐漸普及，大量的玉器皿、玉佩飾也進(jìn)入了尋常百姓之家。玉在中國傳統(tǒng)文化中具有特殊的意義，中國也贏得了“玉器之國”的美譽(yù)。

【答案】Gold,silverandjadewaresarethegenericterm,whichusuallyreferstobaldricorornamentalartsandcraftspolishedandcarvedoutofmetalmaterialslikegoldandsilverandjade.

Themanufactureanduseofgoldandsilverwarehasalreadyhadahistoryofmorethan3000yearsinourcountry.Goldwarehasappearedwhilebronzeculturewaswell-knownintheworldintheShangdynasty.Accordingtoculturalrelicshandeddownfromancienttimes,therearemanycategoriesinthegoldandsilverwarethathasbeenappliedinmanyfields.Goldandsilverwarescanbeseenanywhere,rangingfromgoldandsilverjewellerytoBuddhisttowerandworshippingutensils.Goldandsilverwaresaremerelyusedasbaldricthatcanbecollectedinaveragefamily,andtheyarefurtherusedasdietandlifeappliancesinanofficialfamily.Buttheuseofgoldandsilverwaresinthepalaceinvolvesallrespects,suchasBuddhistceremony,dietanddailylife,crownclothingandcoach,furnishingsanddecoration,etc.,fromwhichwecanimaginethattheinfluenceofgoldandsilverwareshasbeenreflectedprofoundlyinourtraditionalcultureanddailylife.

Jadewarereferstotheworkofartmanuallycarvedandpolishedoutofjadeandusedforwearingandornamentationorfurnishingsandappreciation.Mostoftheearlyjadeswereusedasritualvessel,andthenumberofbaldricisverysmall.IntermsofancientjadesunearthedintheLiangzhuandHongshanculturalrelics,apartfrombeingusedasritualvesselsinsacrificialandfuneraryactivities,jadewareintheNeolithicperiodalsohadthemysteriousmeaningofprotectingagainstevilspirits,aswellasasymbolofpower,wealth,anddignity.Furthermore,theuseofjadewaslimitedtoroyaltyandnobility.AftertheSongDynasty,theuseofjadearticlewasmoreandmorepopular,mostofjadewaresorjadeornamentscouldbeseenincommonfamily.JadeisendowedwithaspecialmeaninginthetraditionalChineseculture,andChinahasalsowonagoodreputationof“countryofjade”.

10.翻譯題

AMessontheLadderofSuccess1.ThroughoutAmericanhistory,therehasalmostalwaysbeenatleastonecentraleconomicnarrativethatgavetheambitiousorunsatisfiedreasontopackupandseektheirfortuneelsewhere.Forthefirst300orsoyearsofEuropeansettlement,thestorywasaboutmovingoutwards:gettingimmigrantstothecontinentandthentothefrontiertocleartheprairies,drainthewetlandsandbuildnewcities.

Bytheendofthe19thcentury,asthefrontiervanished,theUShadamildpanicattack.2.whatwouldthisenergetic,enterprisingcountrybewithoutnewlandstoconquer?Somepeople,suchasTeddyRoosevelt,decidedtokeeponconquering(Cuba,thePhilippines,etc.),buteventually,inindustrialization,theUSfoundanewnarrativeofeconomicmobilityathome.Fromthe1890stothe1960s,peoplemovedfromfarmtocity,firstintheNorthandthenintheSouth.Infact,bythe1950s,therewasenoughprosperityandwhite-collarworkthatmanybegantomovetothesuburbs.Asthepopulationaged,therewasalsoashiftfromthecoldRustBelttothecomfortsoftheSunBelt.Wethinkofthisasanoldperson’smigration,butitcreatedmanyjobsfortheyounginconstructionandhealthcare,nottomentiontourism,retailandrestaurants.

Forthelast20yearsfromtheendofthecoldwarthroughtwoburstbubblesinasingledecade,theUShasbeencastingaboutforitsnexteconomicnarrative.Andnowitisexperiencinganotherperiodofpanic,whichisbadnewsformuchoftheworkforcebutparticularlyforitsyoungestmembers.

TheUShasalwaysbeenaremarkablemobilecountry,butnewdatafromtheCensusBureauindicatethatmobilityhasreacheditslowestlevelinrecordedhistory.Sure,somepeoplearestuckinhomesvaluedatlessthantheirmortgages,butmanyyoungpeoplewhodon’townhomesanddon'tyethavefamilies—arestayingput,too.Thissuggests,amongotherthings,thatpeoplearen’tpackingupforneweconomicopportunitiesthewaytheyusedto.Ratherthandividingthecountryintothe1percentersversuseveryoneelse,thesplitinoureconomyisreallybetweentwootherclasses:themobileandimmobile.

Partoftheproblemisthatcountry’slargestindustriesareindecline.Inthepast,itwasperfectlyclearwhereyoungpeopleshouldgoforwork(Chicagointhe1870s,Detroitinthe1910s,Houstoninthe1970s)and,moreorless,whatthey’dbedoingwhentheygotthere(killingcattle,buildingcars,sellingoil).3.Andtheseindustrieswerelargeenoughtoofferjobstoeachclassofworker,fromunskilledlaborertomanagerorengineer.Today,thefewbrightspotsinoureconomyarerelativelysmall(thoughsomepromisefuturegrowth)anddecentralized.TherearegreatjobsinSiliconValley,inthebiotechresearchcapitalsofBostonandRaleigh-Durhamandinadvancedmanufacturingplantsalongthesouthern1-85corridor.Thesecompaniesrecruitalloverthecountryandtheglobeforworkerswithspecificabilities.4.Youdon’tneedtobethenextMarkZuckerberg,founderofFacebook,togetajobinoneofthemicrohubs,bytheway.ButyouwillalmostcertainlyneedatleastaB.A.incomputerscienceorayearortwoatatechnicalschool.Thisnewer,selectjobmarketisnational,anditoffersmembersofthemobileclasscompetitivesalariesandhigherbargainingpower.

Manymembersoftheimmobileclass,ontheotherhand,liveintheAmericaofthegloomyheadlines.Ifyouhavenospecializedskills,there'slittlereasontouproottoanotherstateandbethelastinlineforalow-payingjobatanewautoplantoragreen-energystartup.Thesurpriseinthecensusdata,however,isthattheimmobileworkforceisnotlimitedtounskilledworkers.Infact,manyhaveacollegedegree.

Untilnow,aB.A.inanysubjectwasanear-guaranteeofatleastmiddle-classwages.Buttoday,aquarterofcollegegraduatesmakelessthanthetypicalworkswithoutabachelor’sdegree.DavidAutor,aprominentlaboreconomistatM.I.T.,recentlytoldmethatacollegedegreealoneisnolongeraguarantorofagoodjob.5.Whilegraduatesfromtopuniversitiesarestilllikelytogetagoodjobnomatterwhattheirmajoris,hesaid,graduatesfromless-famousschoolsaregoingtobejudgedonwhattheyknow.Tocompeteforjobsonanationallevel,theyshouldbearmedwiththeskillsthatemergingindustriesneed,whethertechnicalornot.

【答案】1.縱觀美國歷史，幾乎總是至少會有一個經(jīng)濟(jì)中心的故事，讓雄心勃勃或不滿足的人有理由收拾行囊，到別處去尋找機(jī)遇。在歐洲人定居的前300年左右，這種故事是關(guān)于人口向外遷移的：讓移民先到大陸，然后再到邊疆開辟草原，排干濕地，并建造新的城市。

2.如果沒有新的土地可以征服，這個精力充沛、富有進(jìn)取精神的國家將會怎樣？有些人，比如泰迪?羅斯福，決定繼續(xù)征服(古巴、菲律賓等地)，但最終，在工業(yè)化的進(jìn)程中，美國在國內(nèi)發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個新的關(guān)于經(jīng)濟(jì)流動的故事。

3.而且這些行業(yè)的規(guī)模足夠大，可以為各個階層的工人提供工作，從非技術(shù)工人到經(jīng)理或工程師。但是今天，我們經(jīng)濟(jì)中為數(shù)不多的亮點(diǎn)相對較小(盡管一些亮點(diǎn)未來可能會增長)，而且是分散管理的。

4.順便說一下，你不需要成為下一個Facebook的創(chuàng)始人馬克?扎克伯格(MarkZuckerberg)，也能在微軟中心找到一份工作。但幾乎可以肯定的是，你至少需要計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位或在技術(shù)學(xué)校待過一兩年。這個新興的擇業(yè)市場是全國性的，它為流動階層的成員提供了有競爭力的薪資和更高的議價(jià)權(quán)力。

5.他稱，盡管那些頂尖大學(xué)的畢業(yè)生不論他們學(xué)的專業(yè)是什么，都有可能找到一份好工作，但那些不知名學(xué)校的畢業(yè)生將會根據(jù)他們所學(xué)的知識來接受評判。為了在全國范圍內(nèi)競爭工作崗位，他們應(yīng)該具備新興產(chǎn)業(yè)所需要的技能，無論是技術(shù)性的還是非技術(shù)性的。

11.單選題

Americanliteraryhistoriansareperhaps（

）toviewingtheirownnationalscenetoonarrowly,mistakingprominenceforuniqueness.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.prone

B.legible

C.incompatible

D.prior

【答案】A

【解析】考察形容詞詞義辨析。prone“有……傾向的”；legible“清晰的”；incompatible“不相容的，不能并存的”；prior“優(yōu)先的”。句意：美國文學(xué)史家也許傾向于狹隘地看待他們國家的文學(xué)，誤把卓越當(dāng)獨(dú)特。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

12.單選題

Over350millionpeoplespeakEnglishastheir（

）language.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.native

B.mother

C.female

D.national

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定用法。nativelanguage意為“本地語言”；motherlanguage意為“母語”，符合句意。C選項(xiàng)female“女性的”；D選項(xiàng)national“國家的”均不符合句意。

13.單選題

Itcanbepainfulforparentswhentheirchildrenfeeloutofsyncwithothers,butitisunwise______ontheimportanceoffittingin;childrengetenoughofthatmessageintheoutsideworld.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.layingalotofimportance

B.toputtoomuchemphasis

C.togivealargeamountofconcern

D.throwingagreatdealofanxiety

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.layingalotofimportance強(qiáng)調(diào)重要性B.toputtoomuchemphasis強(qiáng)調(diào)重要性

C.togivealargeamountofconcern大量關(guān)注D.throwingagreatdealofanxiety造成極大的焦慮

【考查點(diǎn)】固定搭配。

【解題思路】根據(jù)unwise可知，unwisetodo是固定搭配，表示“做某事是不明智的”，根據(jù)句意“當(dāng)孩子感到與他人不同步時，父母可能會感到痛苦，但______重要性是不明智的”可知，空格處表示“過分強(qiáng)調(diào)，過分關(guān)注”符合句意，所以B項(xiàng)符合。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)importance一般和attach搭配；

C項(xiàng)concern是不可數(shù)名詞，要用much搭配；

D項(xiàng)不符合unwisetodo（做某事不明智）的搭配。

【句意】當(dāng)孩子感到與他人不同步時，父母可能會感到痛苦，但過分強(qiáng)調(diào)融入的重要性是不明智的；孩子們從外面的世界中已經(jīng)足夠了解這一點(diǎn)了。

14.單選題

Frenchareelegantpeople.Theyareartistsineverydaylife,havingaverygoodtasteineverything.Theydon'tlikeAmericantouristswearingjeanstogointotheirluxuriousandexquisitefive-starrestaurants.Sooneoftherestaurantsputanoticeoutsideitsfrontdoor.Itread“Notrousers,please!”

AgourmetcoffeewassoldinTokyoasanantidotetostress.Itsnamesupposedlymeanttopeoplethatitwouldsmooththetroubledbreast.YetwhenitwasprintedinEnglish,itturnedouttobe“EaseYourBosoms”.

SwedesstartedapromotionstunttopromotethesalesoftheirvacuumcleanernamedElectro.Theiroriginaladsloganwastranslatedas“NothingsucksLikeElectro”.

TheGeneralMotors'sellingofChevroletwasverybadinSouthAmerica.Andthereason?Thetranslationofthisbrandsoundslike“nova”,whichmeans“Itdoesn'tgo”inSpanish.

WhenPepsi-colainvadedthehugeChineseandGermanmarkets,theeffortsinitiallyfizzled.Theproduct'sslogan,“ComealivewiththePepsigeneration,”wasrenderedintoGermanas“comeoutofthegravewithPepsi.”Coca-ColaalsodiscoveredsomethinghadgonewronginTaiwan.TheChinesecharacterschosenfortheworld-famousproductsoundlike“BitetheWaxTadpole.”

Abeercompany’sslogan“Turnitloose”became,inSpanish,equivalentto“sufferfromdiarrhea.”

AcompanytranslateditsstickytapesloganintoJapaneseandcameupwithastickyproblem.

Theslogan“Stickslikecrazy”becameliterally“itsticksfoolishly”inJapanese.

AtonicproducedinChinaismadeofroyaljellyandissupposedtobeveryeffectiveforsomechronicdiseases.Yetitwastranslatedas“oralliquid”,whichmeans“saliva”inEnglish.Inthebrochure,itwasdescribedinthisway:“ittasteslikemedicine”,whenthelanguageintheoriginalmeanttouseitasafoodtherapy.

Eventhewrongnonverbalcuecanbringhavoctoaproduct.AbabyfoodcompanyinitiallypackagedtheirAfricanproductsjustthesameasintheUS—withacutebabypictureonthejar.Theydidn'trealizethatbecausesomanyAfricanscannotread,nearlyallpackagedproductssoldinAfricacarrypicturesofwhatisinside.Pureedbaby!Howhorrible!

InanAsiancity,wheretrafficisreallyverybad,tosecurepeople'ssafety,themunicipalgovernmenthasbuiltundergroundpassageways.Pedestriansareaskedtousethemwhenevertheyneedtocrossthemainstreet.Asignwaspostedonceontheroadside,pointingtotheentrancetoanundergroundpassageway,intendingtonotifyEnglish-speakingpassengers,“Gounderground.”

Wechuckledatsuchclumsytranslations.Isthereanythingwronginthelanguage?Wemustbeawarethatfewwordsandidiomscanbeliterallytranslated.It'sbesttohirethebestfortranslation.Don'ttakeitforgrantedthataslongasonespeaksalittleEnglish,heisautonomouslyabletodothetranslation.Ittakesawhiletolearntobeagoodtranslator.

1.“Notrousers,please!”soundsfunnyonthefrontdoorofafive-starrestaurant,becauseitcouldmean“（）”inEnglish.

2.Fromthepassage,youmayguessthatChevroletismostprobably（）.

3.Anyproductwithacutebabypictureonthejarwillmostprobably（）inAfrica,accordingtotheauthor.

4.TheChinesecharacterschosenforCoca-Cola（）inTaiwanfirst.

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Takeoffyourtrousers,thencomein,please

B.Wedon’tsellanytrousershere

C.Wedon’thaveanypairsoftrousershere

D.Anyonewhodoesnotweartrousersisnotwelcome

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.shoesofsomekindthatSouthAmericanslike

B.thebrandnameofakindofvehicle

C.apetanimalwhichrunsfast

D.awordinSpanishwhichhasaverybadmeaning

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.sellwell

B.receivefavorableattention

C.causegreatinterest

D.bringanendtotheproduct

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.werewellreceived

B.hadawrongname

C.soundedterribleinthelanguage

D.wereallterriblewords

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Clumsytranslationscansometimesproducethedesiredeffect.

B.Weshouldnottakeitforgrantedthatanythingcanbetranslated.

C.Fewwordsandidiomscanbeliterallytranslated.

D.Clumsytranslationcouldmeanmorethanjustalaughingmatter.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Theydon'tlikeAmericantouristswearingjeanstogointotheirluxuriousandexquisitefive-starrestaurants.”，他們不喜歡別人穿著牛仔褲走進(jìn)豪華的五星級酒店，希望人們有好的品味。但是在英文里，這句話的意思是“請不要穿褲子！”。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段，“Thetranslationofthisbrandsoundslike“nova”,whichmeans“Itdoesn'tgo”inSpanish.”，雪佛蘭汽車的牌子翻譯成西班牙語，有“不走”的意思。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第九段，“Theydidn'trealizethatbecausesomanyAfricanscannotread,nearlyallpackagedproductssoldinAfricacarrypicturesofwhatisinside.Pureedbaby!Howhorrible!”，可知因?yàn)榉侵奕瞬蛔R字，外包裝上的圖案就是罐子里面銷售的產(chǎn)品，所以對產(chǎn)品來說是一種破壞。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段,“Coca-ColaalsodiscoveredsomethinghadgonewronginTaiwan.TheChinesecharacterschosenfortheworld-famousproductsoundlike“BitetheWaxTadpole.”?？煽诳蓸吩谂_灣語言中聽起來像“BitetheWaxTadpole”這種可怕的意思。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題?？v觀全文，根據(jù)文章最后一段，“Wechuckledatsuchclumsytranslations.Isthereanythingwronginthelanguage?Wemustbeawarethatfewwordsandidiomscanbeliterallytranslated.”。笨拙的翻譯不僅有點(diǎn)可笑，并且還會帶來很多不好的影響，排除選項(xiàng)D。并且提到有些文字和習(xí)語不能逐字逐句地翻譯，排除選項(xiàng)C。文章并未提及笨拙的翻譯能夠帶來預(yù)期的效果。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

15.單選題

Lowinterestratescreatedeasycreditconditions,fuelingahousingconstructionboomandencouragingconsumption.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.contaminating

B.extinguishing

C.stimulating

D.transporting

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.contaminating污染，弄臟B.extinguishing（使）消亡，破滅

C.stimulating激勵；促進(jìn)D.transporting運(yùn)輸；使身臨其境

【考查點(diǎn)】動詞辨析

【解題思路】劃線部分是前文“低利率創(chuàng)造了寬松的信貸條件”帶來的結(jié)果；原文and并列fuelingahousingconstructionboom“____住房建設(shè)熱潮”和encouragingconsumption“鼓勵消費(fèi)”，那么劃線詞應(yīng)與encouraging“鼓勵”語義方向一致，C選項(xiàng)stimulating“刺激；激勵”符合語境。原詞fuel“刺激；推動”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】