考研考博-英語-中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)（北京）押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)（北京）押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.翻譯題

Anotherinnovationwillmakethosehard-to-rememberpasswordsobsolete.Soon,inordertoaccessoure-mailorbankaccount,we’lluseatechnologyknownasbiometrics.Atinysensorcouldconfirmyouridentitybyrecognizingtheuniquepatternsintheretinaofyoureye.“Imaginethatthingsrecognizeyou,”Meyersonsays.“YouwalkuptoanATM.Ittakesonelookatyouandsays,‘Yep,you’reyou.’”Withinfiveyears,it’spossiblewe’llnolongerbeinundatedwithjunkmail,becauseanewelectronicdevicewilldeleteitbeforeweeverseeit.“Thatdevice,asyouactuponit,asyoueliminatemail,youdon’treadit,youjustlookatitandkillit,”Meyersonsays,“afterawhileitlearnsyourhabitsandworksasyourassistantbyeliminatingstuffyouneverwantedanyway.Weanticipatethat,infiveyears,betterthan80percentofcoverageoftheworldpopulationsbycellularphonesandsmartphones.Atthispoint,imaginehaving,forinstance,theabilitytospeakopenlywithanybodyanywhere,anytimeandinanylanguage,real-timetranslation—literallytheoldStarTrekideaofauniversaltranslatorcomingtobe.”

【答案】答：

另一項科技創(chuàng)新將讓那些難記的密碼消失。不久，我們將能用一種被稱為生物辨識的科技進入電郵信箱或銀行帳號。這種小型的傳感可以通過識別你獨有的視網(wǎng)膜來確認你的身份。梅爾森說：“想象一下這個小東西記得你。你走到一個提款機，傳感器看了你一眼說，‘嘿，我知道你是誰?！痹?年內(nèi)，我們將不會再被垃圾郵件淹沒，因為一個新的電子裝置將在我們看到垃圾郵件前就把它刪掉了。梅爾森說：“打開此裝置，在你刪郵件的時候，你不用讀郵件，你只要看它一眼然后刪掉。如此過一陣子，這個裝置就把你的習(xí)慣學(xué)起來，就像你的助理一樣幫你刪掉你不想看的郵件。我們預(yù)期5年內(nèi)世界超過80%人口將擁有移動電話和智能手機。到時，想象一下，比如，我們可以隨時隨地與說任意一種語言的人講話，這種實時翻譯的能力不就是《星際迷航》的宇宙翻譯者的概念！”

2.單選題

Mrs.Greenhasbeenlivingintownonlyoneyear,yetsheseemstobe（）witheveryonewhocomestothestore.

問題1選項

A.accepted

B.admitted

C.admired

D.acquainted

【答案】D

【解析】acquaint使認識,

使了解；accept接受；admit招收,

承認；admire

欽佩,

贊美,

羨慕。beacquaintedwithsb.為固定搭配，意為與...相識。句意：格林夫人在城里只住了一年，但她似乎認識來商店的每一個人。

3.單選題

Manyyoungpeopletake（

）radiostothebeachwiththem.

問題1選項

A.liable

B.portable

C.purchasable

D.cherishable

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。liable“有責(zé)任的，有義務(wù)的”；portable“手提的，便攜式的”；purchasable“可買的，可買到的”；cherishable“值得珍惜的”。句意：很多年輕人帶著便攜式收音機去沙灘。選項B符合題意。

4.單選題

Ifitwereonlynecessarytodecidewhethertoteachelementarysciencetoeveryoneonamassbasisortofindthegiftedfewandtakethemasfarastheycango,ourtaskwouldbefairlysimple.Thepublicschoolsystem,however,hasnosuchchoice,forthejobsmustbecarriedonatthesametime.Becausewedependsoheavilyuponscienceandtechnologyforourprogress,wemustproducespecialistsinmanyfields.Becauseweliveinademocraticnation,whosecitizensmakethepoliciesforthenation,largenumbersofusmustbeeducatedtounderstand,tosupport,andwhennecessary,tojudgetheworkofexperts.Thepublicschoolmusteducatebothproducersandusersofscientificservices.

Ineducation,thereshouldbeagoodbalanceamongthebranchesofknowledgethatcontributetoeffectivethinkingandwisejudgment.Suchbalanceisdefeatedbytoomuchemphasisonanyonefield.Thisquestionofbalanceinvolvesnotonlytherelationofthenaturalscience,thesocialsciences,andtheartsbutalsorelativeemphasesamongthenaturalsciencesthemselves.

Similarly,wemusthaveabalancebetweencurrentandclassicalknowledge.Theattentionofthepubliciscontinuallydrawntonewpossibilitiesinscientificfieldsandthediscoveryofnewknowledge;theseshouldnotbeallowedtoturnourattentionawayfromthesound,establishedmaterialsthatformthebasisofcoursesforbeginners.

1.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,thetaskofeducationisfairlycomplicatedbecause________.

2.WhichofthefollowingpointsisNOTINCLUDEDinthepassage?

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________.

4.Thebesttitleforthispassagemightbe________.

問題1選項

A.thecurrentpublicschoolsystemistoocomplicatedtobeunderstood

B.thepublicschoolsystemhasnochoiceofwhattoteach

C.itisdifficulttodecidewhetherelementaryscienceshouldbetaughtinpublicschools

D.theeducatorshavetotakecareofbothordinaryandgiftedstudents

問題2選項

A.Oneofthemajortasksofeducationistodiscoverthemostpromisingstudents.

B.Inordertoteacheffectively,educatorsarerequestedtolayemphasisononeparticularfield.

C.Somesubjectshavebeenover-emphasizedinpublicschools.

D.Theprogressofthesocietycannotmerelyrelyoninventors.

問題3選項

A.sufficientattentionshouldbegiventobasicknowledge

B.studentsshouldlearnmoreup-to-dateknowledge

C.lackofscientificknowledgewillleadtopoorrelationsbetweenproducersandusersofscientificservices

D.studentsaregettingtoknowtheimportanceofagoodbalanceamongthebranchesofknowledge

問題4選項

A.CurrentSysteminEducation

B.EducationalSituationinPublicSchool

C.BalanceinEducation

D.ImportanceofTeachingScienceandTechnology

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

【解析】第1題:【選項釋義】

Accordingtothefirstparagraph,thetaskofeducationisfairlycomplicatedbecause________.根據(jù)第一段，教育的任務(wù)相當(dāng)復(fù)雜，因為________。

A.thecurrentpublicschoolsystemistoocomplicatedtobeunderstoodA.目前的公立學(xué)校系統(tǒng)太復(fù)雜了，難以理解

B.thepublicschoolsystemhasnochoiceofwhattoteachB.公立學(xué)校系統(tǒng)對于所教內(nèi)容沒有選擇的自由

C.itisdifficulttodecidewhetherelementaryscienceshouldbetaughtinpublicschoolsC.很難決定是否應(yīng)該在公立學(xué)校教授基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)

D.theeducatorshavetotakecareofbothordinaryandgiftedstudentsD.教育工作者必須既照顧普通學(xué)生也照顧有天賦的學(xué)生

【答案】D

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中信息詞taskofeducation定位到第一段第一、二句，該處講到“如果只需要決定是大規(guī)模地向每個人教授基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)，還是找到少數(shù)有天賦的人，并讓他們走得盡可能遠，我們的任務(wù)就相當(dāng)簡單了（taskwouldbefairlysimple）。然而，公立學(xué)校系統(tǒng)沒有這樣的選擇，因為工作必須同時進行（jobsmustbecarriedonatthesametime）?！保芍逃龔?fù)雜在同時教育在某方面普通的學(xué)生和有天賦的學(xué)生，因此D選項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“目前的公立學(xué)校系統(tǒng)太復(fù)雜了，難以理解”：文中沒有提到公立學(xué)校系統(tǒng)復(fù)雜，屬于無中生有；

B選項“公立學(xué)校系統(tǒng)對于所教內(nèi)容沒有選擇的自由”：學(xué)校不能選擇教什么樣的學(xué)生，而不是不能選擇教什么知識，屬于偷換概念；

C選項“很難決定是否應(yīng)該在公立學(xué)校教授基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)”：已經(jīng)做出了決定，并且這個決定是必須的，那就是在公立學(xué)校教授基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)，屬于反向干擾。

第2題:【選項釋義】

WhichofthefollowingpointsisNOTINCLUDEDinthepassage?以下哪一點文中沒有包含在內(nèi)？

A.Oneofthemajortasksofeducationistodiscoverthemostpromisingstudents.A.教育的主要任務(wù)之一是發(fā)現(xiàn)最有前途的學(xué)生。

B.Inordertoteacheffectively,educatorsarerequestedtolayemphasisononeparticularfield.B.為了有效地教學(xué)，教育工作者被要求著重于一個特定的領(lǐng)域。

C.Somesubjectshavebeenover-emphasizedinpublicschools.C.公立學(xué)校過分強調(diào)某些科目。

D.Theprogressofthesocietycannotmerelyrelyoninventors.D.社會的進步不能僅僅依靠發(fā)明家。

【答案】B

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】此題定位到第一段第三句“由于我們的進步如此依賴科學(xué)技術(shù)，我們必須培養(yǎng)許多領(lǐng)域的專家（mustproducespecialistsinmanyfields）?！?，可知教育工作者不只教授一個特定領(lǐng)域的內(nèi)容，和文章內(nèi)容不符，因此B選項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“教育的主要任務(wù)之一是發(fā)現(xiàn)最有前途的學(xué)生”：對應(yīng)第一段第一、二句“如果只需要決定是大規(guī)模地向每個人教授基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)，還是找到少數(shù)有天賦的人（findthegiftedfew）……工作必須同時進行（jobsmustbecarriedonatthesametime）?！?，可知發(fā)現(xiàn)有天賦的學(xué)生是教育的主要任務(wù)之一，和文章內(nèi)容相符，屬于反向干擾；

C選項“公立學(xué)校過分強調(diào)某些科目”：對應(yīng)第二句第一、二句“知識的各個分支之間應(yīng)該有一個良好的平衡（goodbalance）……過分強調(diào)任何一個領(lǐng)域都會打破這種平衡（balanceisdefeatedbytoomuchemphasisonanyonefield）?！?，以及第三段第二句“公眾的注意力不斷被吸引到科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的新可能性和新知識的發(fā)現(xiàn)（drawntonewpossibilitiesinscientificfieldsandthediscoveryofnewknowledge）?！?，可知過分強調(diào)科學(xué)領(lǐng)域讓知識的各個分支之間打破了平衡，符合文章內(nèi)容，屬于反向干擾；

D選項“社會的進步不能僅僅依靠發(fā)明家”：對應(yīng)第一段最后一句“公立學(xué)校必須教育科學(xué)服務(wù)的生產(chǎn)者和使用者（bothproducersandusersofscientificservices）。”，可知社會的進步不僅僅依靠發(fā)明家，符合文章內(nèi)容，屬于反向干擾。

第3題:【選項釋義】

Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________.從文章中可以推斷出________。

A.sufficientattentionshouldbegiventobasicknowledgeA.應(yīng)該對基礎(chǔ)知識給予足夠的重視

B.studentsshouldlearnmoreup-to-dateknowledgeB.學(xué)生應(yīng)該學(xué)習(xí)更多的最新知識

C.lackofscientificknowledgewillleadtopoorrelationsbetweenproducersandusersofscientificservicesC.科學(xué)知識的缺乏將導(dǎo)致科學(xué)服務(wù)的生產(chǎn)者和使用者之間的不良關(guān)系

D.studentsaregettingtoknowtheimportanceofagoodbalanceamongthebranchesofknowledgeD.學(xué)生們逐漸認識到各個知識分支之間保持良好平衡的重要性

【答案】A

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】此題定位到第三段最后一句，該處講到“這些不應(yīng)該讓我們的注意力從為初學(xué)者建立課程基礎(chǔ)這一事情（establishedmaterialsthatformthebasisofcoursesforbeginners）轉(zhuǎn)移開?！保芍獞?yīng)該重視基礎(chǔ)知識，因此A選項正確。

【干擾項排除】

B選項“學(xué)生應(yīng)該學(xué)習(xí)更多的最新知識”：對應(yīng)第三段第一、二句“我們必須在現(xiàn)有知識和經(jīng)典知識之間取得平衡（balancebetweencurrentandclassicalknowledge）。公眾的注意力不斷被吸引到科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的新可能性和新知識的發(fā)現(xiàn)（thediscoveryofnewknowledge）。”，需要平衡經(jīng)典知識和新知識的學(xué)習(xí)，然而現(xiàn)在更多注意力放在了新知識，可知學(xué)生應(yīng)該學(xué)習(xí)更多經(jīng)典知識，屬于偷換概念；

C選項“科學(xué)知識的缺乏將導(dǎo)致科學(xué)服務(wù)的生產(chǎn)者和使用者之間的不良關(guān)系”：第一段第三句提出科學(xué)知識的作用，也就是“由于我們的進步如此依賴科學(xué)技術(shù)（dependsoheavilyuponscienceandtechnology），我們必須培養(yǎng)許多領(lǐng)域的專家。”；第四句提出廣泛教育的作用，也就是“我們中的許多人必須接受教育，以便于理解、支持并在必要時評判專家的工作（understand,tosupport,andwhennecessary,tojudgetheworkofexperts）”；第五句點出科學(xué)知識教育和廣泛教育結(jié)合的重要性，也就是這兩種知識服務(wù)于“教育科學(xué)服務(wù)的生產(chǎn)者和使用者”。綜上所述，科學(xué)知識和廣泛教育的缺乏都會導(dǎo)致生產(chǎn)者和使用者之間的不良關(guān)系，屬于以偏概全；

D選項“學(xué)生們逐漸認識到各個知識分支之間保持良好平衡的重要性”：文章沒有提到學(xué)生的觀點，屬于無中生有。

第4題:【選項釋義】

Thebesttitleforthispassagemightbe________.這篇文章最好的標題是________。

A.CurrentSysteminEducationA.現(xiàn)行教育制度

B.EducationalSituationinPublicSchoolB.公立學(xué)校的教育情況

C.BalanceinEducationC.教育的平衡

D.ImportanceofTeachingScienceandTechnologyD.科學(xué)技術(shù)教學(xué)的重要性

【答案】C

【考查點】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】第一段通過點出教育的現(xiàn)狀引出第二段的觀點，也就是一邊教育科學(xué)技術(shù)領(lǐng)域的專家（specialistsinmanyfields），一邊讓許多人接受教育（largenumbersofusmustbeeducatedtounderstand）以維持社會制度的運行；第二段進一步提出需要在知識的各個分支之間保持平衡（agoodbalanceamongthebranchesofknowledge）；第三段講需要在新知識和經(jīng)典知識之間保持平衡（balancebetweencurrentandclassicalknowledge），并且提出現(xiàn)在的教育已經(jīng)失衡。綜上所述，本文講述了教育失衡的具體表現(xiàn)，并且呼吁重視教育平衡，因此C選項正確。

A選項“現(xiàn)行教育制度”，B選項“公立學(xué)校的教育情況”和D選項“科學(xué)技術(shù)教學(xué)的重要性”：是文章的部分內(nèi)容，不能概括全文，屬于偷換概念。

5.單選題

Takingchargeofyourselfinvolvesputtingtorestsomeveryprevalentmyth.Atthetopofthelististhenotionthatintelligenceismeasuredbyyourabilitytosolvecomplexproblems;toread,writeandcomputeatcertainlevels;andtoresolveabstractequationsquickly.Thisvisionofintelligenceassertsformaleducationandbookishexcellenceasthetruemeasuresofself-fulfillment.Itencouragesakindofintellectualprejudicethathasbroughtwithitsomediscouragingresults.Wehavecometobelievethatsomeonewhohasmoreeducationalmeritbadges,whoisverygoodatsomeformofschooldiscipline,is“intelligent”.Yetmentalhospitalsarefilledwithpatientswhohavealloftheproperlyletteredcertificates.Atruerindicatorofintelligenceisaneffective,happylifelivedeachdayandeachpresentmomentofeveryday.

Ifyouarehappy,ifyouliveeachmomentforeverythingit’sworth,thenyouareanintelligentperson.Problemsolvingisausefulhelptoyourhappiness,butifyouknowthatgivenyourinabilitytoresolveaparticularconcernyoucanstillchoosehappinessforyourself,orataminimumrefusetochooseunhappiness,thenyouareintelligent.YouareintelligentbecauseyouhavetheultimateweaponagainstthebigN.B.D.—NervousBreakDown.

“Intelligent”peopledonothaveN.B.D.sbecausetheyareinchargeofthemselves.Theyknowhowtochoosehappinessoverdepression;becausetheyknowhowtodealwiththeproblemsoftheirlives.

Youcanbegintothinkofyourselfastrulyintelligentonthebasisofhowyouchoosetofeelinthefaceoftryingcircumstances.Thelifestrugglesareprettymuchthesameforeachofus.Everyonewhoisinvolvedwithotherhumanbeingsineverysocialcontexthassimilardifficulties.Disagreements,conflictsandcompromisesareapartofwhatitmeanstobehuman.Similarly,money,growingold,sickness,deaths,naturaldisastersandaccidentsarealleventswhichpresentproblemstovirtuallyallhumanbeings.Butsomepeopleareabletomakeit,toavoidimmobilizingdepressionandunhappinessdespitesuchoccurrences,whileotherscollapseorhaveaN.B.D.Thosewhorecognizeproblemsasahumanconditionanddon’tmeasurehappinessbyanabsenceofproblemsarethemostintelligentkindofhumanweknow;also,themostrare.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,theconventionalnotionofintelligencemeasuredintermsofone’sabilitytoread,writeandcompute（

）.

2.Itisimpliedinthepassagethatholdingauniversitydegree

（

）.

3.Theauthorthinksthatanintelligentpersonknows

（

）.

4.Inthelastparagraph,theauthortellsusthat

（

）.

5.Whatkindofpeoplearerareaccordingtothepassage?

問題1選項

A.iswidelyheldbutwrongconcept

B.willhelpeliminateintellectualprejudice

C.istherootofallmentaldistress

D.willcontributetoone’sself-fulfillment

問題2選項

A.mayresultinone’sinabilitytosolvecomplexreal-lifeproblems

B.doesnotindicateone’sabilitytowriteproperlywordeddocuments

C.maymakeonementallysickandphysicallyweak

D.doesnotmeanthatoneishighlyintelligent

問題3選項

A.howtoputupwithsomeveryprevalentmyths

B.howtofindthebestwaytoachievesuccessinlife

C.howtoavoiddepressionandmakehislifeworthwhile

D.howtopersuadeotherstocompromise

問題4選項

A.difficultiesarebutpartofeveryone’slife

B.depressionandunhappinessareunavoidableinlife

C.everybodyshouldlearntoavoidtryingcircumstances

D.goodfeelingscancontributetoeventualacademicexcellence

問題5選項

A.Thosewhodon’temphasizebookishexcellenceintheirpursuitofhappiness.

B.Thosewhoareawareofdifficultiesinlifebutknowhowtoavoidunhappiness.

C.ThosewhomeasurehappinessbyanabsenceofproblemsbutseldomsufferfromN.B.

D.s.D.Thosewhoareabletosecurehappinessthoughhavingtostruggleagainsttryingcircumstances.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“在傳統(tǒng)概念中，智力是根據(jù)人的讀、寫和計算能力來衡量的，作者對此的看法是什么？”文章第一段第一句提到“掌控自己能讓一些流行的錯誤觀念結(jié)束”（Takingchargeofyourselfinvolvesputtingtorestsomeveryprevalentmyth），接著作者又提到位于這些錯誤觀念之首的便是智力的詮釋。因此，在作者看來，認為“智力是根據(jù)人的讀寫和計算能力來衡量”是錯誤的，選項A符合題意。

第2題:推理判斷題。題目問的是“文章中暗示擁有大學(xué)學(xué)位意味著什么？”文章第一段提到“我們開始相信一個擁有教育榮譽徽章并且擅長某一學(xué)科的人是有‘智力’的。然而精神病院很多病人擁有所有形式的證書”（Wehavecometobelievethatsomeonewhohasmoreeducationalmeritbadges,whoisverygoodatsomeformofschooldiscipline,is“intelligent”.Yetmentalhospitalsarefilledwithpatientswhohavealloftheproperlyletteredcertificates），由此可知，學(xué)歷并不代表智力。選項D符合題意。

第3題:細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“作者認為擁有智力的人知道什么？”文章第二段第一句提到“如果你快樂，如果你每時每刻都為值得的一切生活，那么你就是一個有智力的人”（Ifyouarehappy,ifyouliveeachmomentforeverythingit’sworth,thenyouareanintelligentperson），所以在作者看來，有智力的人知道怎樣讓自己的人生有價值，選項C符合題意。

第4題:細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“作者在最后一段告訴了我們什么？”文章最后一段第二、三句提到“我們每個人都要為生存而斗爭，這都是一樣的。每個人都與他相關(guān)聯(lián)的人有著相似的困難”（Thelifestrugglesareprettymuchthesameforeachofus.Everyonewhoisinvolvedwithotherhumanbeingsineverysocialcontexthassimilardifficulties），說明每個人在生活中都會遇上困難，但這只是生活的一部分，選項A符合題意。

第5題:細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“由文章可知哪種人很少見？”文章最后一段最后一句話提到“坦誠問題是生活狀況的一部分，并且不以‘沒有問題’作為衡量快樂的標準的人是有智力的人，但是這種人很稀少”（Thosewhorecognizeproblemsasahumanconditionanddon’tmeasurehappinessbyanabsenceofproblemsarethemostintelligentkindofhumanweknow;also,themostrare），因此選項B“意識到生活中的困難，但是知道如何避免不快樂的人”符合題意。

6.單選題

Occasionalself-medicationhasalwaysbeenpartofnormalliving.Themakingandsellingofdrugshasalonghistoryandiscloselylinked,likemedicalpracticeitself,withthebeliefinmagic.Onlyduringthelasthundredyearsorsohasthedevelopmentofscientifictechniquesmadeitpossibleforsomeofthecausesofsymptomstobeunderstood,sothatmoreaccuratediagnosishasbecomepossible.Thedoctorisnowabletofollowupthecorrectdiagnosisofmanyillnesseswithspecifictreatmentoftheircauses.Inmanyotherillnesses,ofwhichthecausesremainunknown,itisstilllimited,liketheunqualifiedprescribes,tothetreatmentofsymptoms.Thedoctoristrainedtodecidewhentotreatsymptomsonlyandwhentoattackthecause:thisistheessentialdifferencebetweenmedicalprescribingandself-medication.

Theadvanceoftechnologyhasbroughtaboutmuchprogressinsomefieldsofmedicine,includingthedevelopmentofscientificdrugtherapy.Inmanycountriespublichealthorganizationisimprovingandpeople’snutritionalstandardshavearisen.Parallelwithsuchbeneficialtrendsaretwowhichhaveanadverseeffect.Oneistheuseofhigh-pressureadvertisingbythepharmaceuticalindustry,whichhastendedtoinfluencebothpatientsanddoctorsandhasledtotheoveruseofdrugsgenerally.Theotheristheemergenceofthesedentarysocietywithitsfaultywaysoflife:lackofexercise,over-eating,unsuitableeating,insufficientsleep,excessivesmokinganddrinking.Peoplewithdisordersarisingfromfaultyhabitssuchasthese,aswellasfromunhappyhumanrelationships,oftenresorttoself-medicationandsoaddthetakingofpharmaceuticalstothelist.Advertisersgotogreatlengthstocatchthismarket.

Cleveradvertising,aimedatchronicsuffererswhowilltryanythingbecausedoctorshavenotbeenabletocurethem,caninducesuchfaithinapreparation,particularlyifsteeplypriced,thatitwillproduce-bysuggestion-averyrealeffectinsomepeople.Advertisementsarealsoaimedatpeoplesufferingfrommildcomplaintssuchassimplecoldsandcoughs,whichclearupbythemselveswithinashorttime.

Thesearethemainreasonswhylaxatives,indigestionremedies,painkillers,tonics,vitaminandirontabletsandmanyotherpreparationsarefoundinquantityinmanyhouseholds.Itisdoubtfulwhethertakingthesethingseverimprovesaperson’shealth;itmayevenmakeitworse.Worsebecausethepreparationmaycontainunsuitableingredients;worsebecausethetakermaybecomedependentonthem;worsebecausetheymightbetakeninexcess;worsebecausetheymaycausepoisoning,andworseofallbecausesymptomsofsomeseriousunderlyingcausemaybemaskedandthereforemedicalhelpmaynotbesought.

1.Thefirstparagraphisintendedto（

）.

2.Advertisementsareaimedatpeoplesufferingfrommildcomplaintsbecause

（

）.

3.Paragraphs2and3explain

（

）.

4.InParagraph4theauthorillustrates

（

）.

5.Thebesttitleforthetextwouldbe（

）.

問題1選項

A.suggestthatself-medicationhasalonghistory

B.distinguishbetweenmedicalprescribingandself-medication

C.praisedoctorsfortheirexpertise

D.tellthesymptomsfromthecauses

問題2選項

A.theyoftenwatchadsonTV

B.theyaremorelikelytobuythedrugsadvertised

C.theygenerallyleadasedentarylife

D.theydon’ttaketosportsandeasilycatchcolds

問題3選項

A.thatgoodthingsarenotwithoutsideeffects

B.whycleveradvertisingissopowerful

C.whyinmodemtimesself-medicationisstillpracticed

D.whypeopledevelopfaultywaysoflife

問題4選項

A.thereasonsforkeepingmedicinesathome

B.people’sdoubtabouttakingdrugs

C.whyitmaybeworsetotakedrugsbyoneself

D.thepossibleharmsself-medicationmaydotopeople

問題5選項

A.MedicalPractice

B.CleverAdvertising

C.Self-medication

D.Self-treatment

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.考察推理判斷。文章第一段第一句occasionalself-medicationhasalwaysbeenpartofnormalliving提到偶爾的自我治療已經(jīng)成了人們正常生活中的一部分，接下來又提到了由于近百年來科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展，使得制藥跟買藥的現(xiàn)象越來越普遍，這些都是說明自我治療已經(jīng)有一段很長的歷史了。選項A符合題意。

2.考察推理判斷。文章第三段倒數(shù)第二句Advertisementsarealsoaimedatpeoplesufferingfrommildcomplaintssuchassimplecoldsandcoughs,whichclearupbythemselveswithinashorttime提到廣告人將目標定在那些得感冒或者咳嗽的人身上，因為得這些小毛病的人都愿意在短時間內(nèi)自行買藥治療，選項B符合題意。

3.考察細節(jié)事實。文章第二段提到科技進步帶動了醫(yī)學(xué)的進步，但是醫(yī)學(xué)進步又產(chǎn)生了兩個不利的影響，一是各種醫(yī)藥廣告盛行甚至導(dǎo)致過度服用藥物，二是久坐不動的現(xiàn)象越發(fā)嚴重，人們不愛運動、過度飲食、抽煙等各種不好的生活習(xí)慣。文章第三段主要講述了聰明的廣告人針對有需要的人打廣告。這兩段講述了由于生活習(xí)慣，由于廣告的影響，人們愿意去買藥物自行治療。選項C符合題意。

4.考察細節(jié)事實。文章第四段主要講述了自我治療是否會導(dǎo)致情況更遭：Worsebecausethepreparationmaycontainunsuitableingredients;worsebecausethetakermaybecomedependentonthem;worsebecausetheymightbetakeninexcess;worsebecausetheymaycausepoisoning,andworseofallbecausesymptomsofsomeseriousunderlyingcausemaybemaskedandthereforemedicalhelpmaynotbesought，列舉出了很多情況，比如購買的藥物可能有不恰當(dāng)?shù)某煞?、使用者會依賴這些藥物、使用者可能過去食用等等。選項D符合題意。

5.考察主旨大意。文章第一段講述了自我治療的歷史；第二段講述了自我治療出現(xiàn)的原因；第三段講述了廣告商對自我治療產(chǎn)生的影響；第四段講述了自我治療有可能會引發(fā)的問題。由此可知，全文都是在講述自我治療。選項C符合題意。

7.單選題

Opponentsofaffirmativeactionsaythebattleovertheuseofraceincollegeadmissionsishardlyover,despitetheSupremeCourt’srulingMondayupholdingthegoalofadiversestudentbody.Highereducationleadersoverwhelminglyhailedthedecision,sayingitreaffirmedpoliciesusedbymostselectivecollegesanduniversities.Butsomecriticsraisedthepossibilityofmorelawsuits,andpromisedtocontinuepressuringtheDepartmentofEducation’sOfficeofCivilRightstoinvestigatequestionablepolicies.“We’retalkingaboutadmissionsprograms,scholarships,anyprogram,onlyforminoritiesorinwhichthestandardsusedtojudgeadmissionsaresubstantiallydifferent.”saysLindaChavez,founderandpresidentoftheCenterforEqualOpportunity,aconservativenon-profitgroup.

Otherssaythey'lltaketheircasetovoters.“Wehavetoseriouslycontestallthisattheballotbox.”SaysUniversityofCaliforniaregentWardCannerly,whohelpedwinvoterapprovalofCalifornia'sProposition209,whichprohibitsconsideringraceorgenderinpubliceducation,hiringandcontracting.Becauseofthatlaw,Monday’srulinghadnopracticalimpactinthestate.“Itmaybetimeforusto...letthe(Michigan)votersdecideiftheywanttouseraceasafactorinadmissions.”ConnerlysaidMonday.

Meanwhile,U.S.EducationSecretaryRodPaige,consistentwithPresidentBush'sstanceopposingaffirmativeaction,saidtheDepartmentofEducationwill“continueexaminingandhighlightingeffectiverace-neutralapproachestoensurebroadaccesstoanddiversitywithinourpublicinstitutions.”EvenSupremeCourtJusticeSandraDayO’Connor,inoneoftheopinions,recommendedthatstateslookforsessionsinrace-neutralprogramsbeingtriedinCaliforniaandelsewhere.Whiletherulingsaidadmissionsofficialsmayconsiderraceintheselectionprocess,collegesanduniversitiesarenotobligatedtodoso.“Ultimatelyinthedebate,diversityisachoice,notalegalmandate,’’saysArthurColeman,aformerDepartmentofEducationofficialwhonowhelpscollegesanduniversitiesensureconstitutionalpolicies.

Thepublic,too,remainsconflicted,largelyalongraciallines.AccordingtoaJanuarypollbythenon-profitresearchorganizationPublicAgenda,79%ofAmericanssaiditisimportantforcollegestohavearaciallydiversestudentbody,whilejust54%saidaffirmativeactionprogramsshouldcontinue.InaGalluppollconducteddaysbeforetheruling,49%ofadultssaidtheyfavoraffirmativeactionand43%didnot,withblacksandHispanicsfarmorelikelytofavorthepracticethanwhites.AndsomeeducatorsdoubtthatwithMonday’sruling,thoseopposingaffirmativeactionwillchangetheirminds.

Fornow,admissionsofficialsanduniversitylawyersareporingovertherulingtodeterminehoworwhethertoadjustpolicies.Whilemosttendtobeclosed-mouthedaboutadmissionspolicies,maysaytheydon’texpectsignificantchanges.

1.Whatthecriticssaidinthefirstparagraphamountstotheideathat（

）

2.ConnerlyinsiststhattheCourt'srulingshould（

）.

3.WhatistheattitudeoftheDepartmentofEducationtowardsaffirmativeaction?

4.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutaffirmativeactionaccordingtothetext?

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthatoneofthemajorobjectivesofaffirmativeactionisto（

）

問題1選項

A.noadmissionpoliciesbasedonraceshouldbeimplemented.

B.minorityapplicantsbasedonraceshouldbeimplemented.

C.differentstandardsforadmittingminoritystudentsshouldbesetup.

D.selectivecollegesanduniversitiesshouldbepunishedfortheirdiscriminatorypolicies.

問題2選項

A.winapprovalfromCalifornianvotersbeforeitisputineffect.

B.becontestedbytheMichiganvoterswithanopinionpoll.

C.beappliedinsomestatesbeforeitisextendedtootherstates.

D.producetheintendedpracticaleffectbeforeitiswidelyaccepted.

問題3選項

A.Neutrality

B.Objection

C.Approval

D.Indifference

問題4選項

A.Avastmajorityofpeoplesupportit.

B.Theminoritiesclaimittobeadiscriminatorypolicy.

C.Theminoritystudentsaremorelikelytowelcomeit.

D.TheCourt’sdecisionwillcertainlychangepeople’sattitudetoit.

問題5選項

A.ensurerace-neutralprogramsaresetupincollegesanduniversities.

B.adapttheSupremeCourt’srulingtocollegesituations.

C.formulatetherightpoliciesforcollegeadmissions.

D.discouragethepracticeofracialdiscriminationincollegeadmissions.

【答案】