高一英語定語從句課件

定語從句定語從句1知識梳理限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句意義描述主句所涉及的人或物的具體情況,是主句不可或缺的一部分,若省去,主句意義不完整,甚至沒有意義對主句所描述的人或物提供一些附加情況,起補充說明作用,若省去,主句意義仍完整結構要求緊跟先行詞,主句和從句間不用逗號分開主句和從句間用逗號分開限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句知識梳理限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句意義描述主句所涉及的人2功能修飾先行詞既可修飾先行詞也可修飾整個句子引導詞關系代詞:who,whom,whose,which,that關系副詞：when,where,why關系代詞:who,whom,whose,which,as關系副詞：when,where功能修飾先行詞既可修飾先行詞也可修飾整個句子引導詞關系代詞:3e.g.Thisisthehouse(which)weboughtlastmonth.這是我們上個月買的那幢房子。Thehouse,whichweboughtlastmonth,isverynice.這幢房子很漂亮,是我們上個月買的。Theman(whom/that/who)Imetinthestreetwasadriver.我在街上碰到的那個人是個司機。Hismother,wholovedhimverymuch,diedin1998.他的母親很愛他,但在1998年去世了。e.g.Thisisthehouse(which)4注意:①專有名詞具有“獨一無二”的含義,通常只能由非限制性定語從句修飾。e.g.LuXun,whodiedin1936,wasafamouswriterinChina.魯迅于1936年去世,是中國一位著名的作家。②既可以作為限制性定語從句又可作為非限制性定語從句,注意意義上的差別。注意:①專有名詞具有“獨一無二”的含義,通常5e.g.Thereare20studentsinthisclasswhoarefromthenortheastofChina.在這個班里,有20名來自中國東北的學生。Thereare20studentsinthisclass,whoarefromthenortheastofChina.這個班有20名學生,他們來自中國的東北。e.g.Thereare20studentsin6(一)關系代詞關系代詞與關系副詞關系代詞that指物和人在從句中作主語或賓語which指物在從句中作主語或賓語who,whom指人在從句中作主語和賓語whose指人和物在從句中作定語as指物在從句中作主語(一)關系代詞關系代詞與關系副詞that指物和人在從句中7(二)關系副詞關系副詞when指時間在從句中作時間狀語where指地點在從句中地點狀語why指原因在從句中原因狀語(二)關系副詞關when指時間在從句中作時間狀語wh8注意:①在口語和非正式場合,when,where和why或相當于關系副詞的“介詞+which”結構可用that來代替并可省略。e.g.Doyouknowanywhere(that)Icangetadrink?你知道在哪兒我能喝杯酒嗎？注意:9②why或that引導的定語從句,先行詞是reason,且reason又作主句主語時,表語從句不能用because引導,而要用that引導。其句型為：Thereasonwhy...isthat...或Thereasonthat...isthat...。e.g.Thereasonwhyhewaslateforschoolwasthathewasinjuredinthetrafficaccidentonhiswaytoschool.他上學遲到的原因是他在上學路上的交通事故中受傷了。②why或that引導的定語從句,先行詞是reason,10Thereasonthatheexplainedatthemeetingwasthathehadtolookafterhismotherinhospital.他在會上解釋的原因是他不得不去照顧他住院的母親。Thereasonthatheexplaineda11③“地點模糊”的先行詞后跟where引導的定語從句。當先行詞為point,situation,conditions,case,position,stage,scene,spot,activity,family,job等表示某人/物所處的情況、發(fā)展的階段或表達某事的某個方面時,用where引導定語從句,where相當于fromwhich,underwhich等,表示“在這種情況下”,“從……中”等。e.g.We’rejusttryingtoreachapointwherebothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.我們只是盡力想能達到雙方共同坐下來商談的地步。③“地點模糊”的先行詞后跟where引導的定語從12(三)關系代詞與關系副詞的選擇依據(jù)1.考慮代替先行詞的關系詞在從句中充當?shù)恼Z法成分,如果關系詞在從句中作主語、表語、賓語和定語,就用關系代詞；如果關系詞在從句中作狀語,就用關系副詞。Thehouseneedsrepairing.他住的房子需要修理。whereheliveswhich/thathelivesin(三)關系代詞與關系副詞的選擇依據(jù)Thehousenee132.辨別先行詞表示的是人、物、時間、地點還是原因。e.g.Idon’tlikethemanwhoalwaysspeaksillofothers.我不喜歡總是說他人壞話的人。Iwillneverforgetthedayswhenweworkedtogether.我永遠也忘不了我們在一起工作的日子。2.辨別先行詞表示的是人、物、時間、地點還143.判斷從句是限制性還是非限制性定語從句。e.g.Adictionaryisabookthatgivesthemeaningsofwords.詞典是解釋詞語意思的書。Adictionaryisabook,whichgivesthemeaningsofwords.詞典是一本書,它給出詞語的意思。3.判斷從句是限制性還是非限制性定語從句。154.判斷關系詞在從句中作賓語還是作狀語,取決于定語從句中的謂語動詞。e.g.ThisisthepointwhereIdisagree.這就是我不同意的地方。(disagree為不及物動詞,故關系詞用where。)Thisisthepoint(which/that)Idisagreewith.這就是我不同意的地方。(從句缺少介詞with的賓語,用that/which引導,也可以省略)4.判斷關系詞在從句中作賓語還是作狀語,161.關系代詞that與which先行詞指物時,which與that一般可以互換，但也有特殊情況。1)只用that不用which引導定語從句的情況。

a.先行詞前有序數(shù)詞或形容詞用最高級修飾，或先行詞本身就是序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級時，用that不用which。

e.g.ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.ThisisthebestfilmthatIeverseen.關系代詞的辨析1.關系代詞that與which關系代詞的辨析17b.先行詞是不定代詞all,little,few,much,something,anything,everything,none,nothing,some等時,用that不用which。e.g.HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMrLisaid?李老師講的你都記下來了嗎？Thereseemstobenothingthatisimpossibletohimintheworld.對他來說似乎世界上沒有什么不可能的事。

Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.所有能做的都做了。b.先行詞是不定代詞all,little,few,m18c.先行詞被all,every,no,some,any,little,much,oneof,theonly,thevery,theright,thelast,few,just等修飾時,用that不用which。e.g.Allthegueststhatwereinvitedtoherweddingwereimportantpeople.所有應邀來參加她婚禮的客人都是重要人物。ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy.這正是我要買的詞典。Givemeanybooksthatyouwouldrecommend.給我你要推薦的書。c.先行詞被all,every,no,some,a19d.先行詞既有人又有物,兼顧兩者,用that不用which。e.g.Theytalkedaboutthepersonsandthings

thattheyrememberedatschool.他們談論著他們所能記起的在校時的人和事。e.主句是以who或which開頭的疑問句時,用that不用which。e.g.Whoisthemanthatisstandingbythegate?站在門口的那個人是誰？

WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?哪件T恤衫最合我的身？d.先行詞既有人又有物,兼顧兩者,用that不用20f.當先行詞在主句中作表語,而且關系代詞在定語從句中也作表語時,用that不用which。e.g.Shenzhenisnolongerthecitythatitusedtobe.深圳不再是過去的樣子了。f.當先行詞在主句中作表語,而且關系代詞在21g.主句是therebe句型時,修飾主語的定語從句用that不用which。e.g.Thereisaseatinthecornerthatisstillfree.在那個角落還有一個座位空著。h.有兩個定語從句時,一個從句的關系代詞已用which,另一個要用that。e.g.Thecountrybuiltupafactorywhichproducesthingsthathaveneverbeenseenbefore.這個國家建立了一個生產(chǎn)以前從未見到過的東西的工廠。g.主句是therebe句型時,修飾主語的定語從句22i.用作關系副詞,修飾表示時間的名詞,如day,time,moment等代替when時,用that不用which。e.g.Ithappenedontheday

that(when)hewasborn.這事碰巧發(fā)生在他出生的那天。i.用作關系副詞,修飾表示時間的名詞,如232)只用which不用that引導定語從句的情況a.關系代詞前有介詞時,用which不用that。e.g.Thechaironwhichshesatismadeofwood.她坐的那把椅子是用木頭做的。b.引導非限制性定語從句時,用which不用that。e.g.Football,whichisaveryinterestinggame,isplayedallovertheworld.足球,一項非常有趣的運動,在全世界流行。2)只用which不用that引導定語從句的情況24c.先行詞后面有插入語時,用which不用that。e.g.HereistheEnglishgrammarbookwhich,asI’vetoldyou,willhelpyouimproveyourEnglish.這就是我告訴過你的那本英語語法書,它能幫你提高英語水平。d.先行詞本身就是that時,用which不用that。e.g.What’sthatwhichflashedintheskyjustnow?剛才在天空中一閃而過的是什么？c.先行詞后面有插入語時,用which不用that。25e.代表主句中謂語的整體概念時,用which不用that。e.g.Hecanswiminthesea,whichIcan’t.他能在大海里游泳,我不能(在大海里游泳)。f.代表整個主句時,用which不用that。e.g.Hebrokemycup,whichmademeangry.他打破了我的杯子,這使我很生氣。e.代表主句中謂語的整體概念時,用which262.

關系代詞that與who1)只用who而不用that引導定語從句的情況。a.先行詞是指人的不定代詞,如:one,ones,anyone,noone,those,all,nobody,anybody,none等時,用who不用that。e.g.Peoplealllikethosewhohavegoodmanners.人們都喜歡那些有禮貌的人。b.在therebe句型中,多用who指代人。e.g.TherearesomepeoplewhowanttohaveholidaysinHainan.有一些想去海南度假的人。2.關系代詞that與who27c.當先行詞指特定的人時,關系代詞多用who,不指特定的人時,多用that。e.g.Theauntwhocametoseeuslastweekismyfather’syoungersister.上周來看我們的姑姑是我父親的妹妹。d.在非限制性定語從句中作主語時,用who不用that。e.g.ProfessorWang,whoisoversixty,stillworksharddayandnight.王教授已年過六旬,依然夜以繼日努力工作著。c.當先行詞指特定的人時,關系代詞多用who,不28e.當先行詞有較長的后置定語或在被分割的定語從句中時,用who不用that。e.g.ProfessorSmithiscomingsoonwhowillgiveusatalkonhowtolearnEnglish.史密斯教授不久就要來給我們作一場關于如何學英語的講座。e.當先行詞有較長的后置定語或在被分割293.as與which引導定語從句的區(qū)別as與which都可以代指主句中的一部分或整個句子的內(nèi)容,有時可以互換。e.g.Hemarriedher,as/whichwasnatural.很自然地,他和她結婚了。as的特殊用法：(1)as引導的定語從句可以放在句首,而which則不能。e.g.Asisknowntousall,Chinaisdevelopingrapidly.眾所周知,中國發(fā)展迅速。3.as與which引導定語從句的區(qū)別30(2)as表示“正如,正像”,而which無此意。此時,as從句中常有know,expect,happen,pointout,plan,suggest等單詞或短語。e.g.Hecamebackhomelate,asweexpected.正如我們所料,他回家晚了。注意:as引導的定語從句常見句式有：asisknowntoall(眾所周知),asisoftenthecase(經(jīng)常是這個情形),asismentionedabove(如上所述),asisannounced(如宣布的那樣)。(2)as表示“正如,正像”,而which無此意。31(3)當先行詞被thesame,such修飾時,定語從句需用as引導。e.g.Itissuchadifficultproblemasnoneofuscanworkout.這么難的一道題,我們沒人做得出。HewearsthesamecoatasIdo.他穿著跟我一樣的外套。(3)當先行詞被thesame,such修飾時,定語32注意:當先行詞被thesame修飾時,that也可引導定語從句,但意義有所不同。thesame...as指同樣或同類的事物；thesame...that指同一個事物。e.g.ThisisthesamewatchasIlost.這塊表與我丟的那塊一樣。(不是同一塊表)ThisisthesamewatchthatIlost.這就是我丟的那塊表。(是同一塊表)注意:33“介詞+關系代詞”引導的定語從句1.在“介詞+關系代詞”引導的定語從句中，介詞的選用和它前面的先行詞或它后面的從句中謂語的搭配有關。如：Theytriedtothinkofaplanwithwhichtheycouldcompletetheirtaskaheadoftime.Itisn’tasubjecttowhichIdevoteagreatdealofthought.“介詞+關系代詞”引導的定語從句1.在“介詞+關系代詞”引342.“介詞+關系代詞”前可有名詞、數(shù)詞或some,any,none,both,all,neither,most,each,few等代詞。如：Thehouse,thewindowsofwhichweredamaged,isbeingrepairednow.Shehasfourdaughters,twoofwhomareteachers.Thespeedofgrowthoftheplantisinfluencedbyanumberoffactors,mostofwhichwehavenocontrolover.2.“介詞+關系代詞”前可有名詞、數(shù)詞或353.“介詞+which”引導定語從句時，介詞可以是in(the)frontof,atthefootof,inthemiddleof等復合介詞。如：Helivedinabighouse,infrontofwhichstoodabigtree.3.“介詞+which”引導定語從句時，介詞可以36定語從句的用法較為復雜，高考除了單獨考查定語從句知識外，還常常結合句式結構、時態(tài)等來綜合考查?？v觀近幾年各地高考試題，不難發(fā)現(xiàn)其考點主要包括：1.考查關系代詞和關系副詞的區(qū)分。如:that,which和where,when的區(qū)分;that,which和why的區(qū)分等?？键c歸納定語從句的用法較為復雜，高考除了單獨考查定語從句知識外，還常372.考查whose的使用。whose可以指代人或物,在定語從句中作定語,后跟名詞。指物時,whose+名詞=名詞+ofwhich=ofwhich+名詞。如：Theclassroomwhosedoor/thedoorofwhich/ofwhichthedoorisbrokenisonthesecondfloor.2.考查whose的使用。whose可以指代人或383.考查as/which引導的非限制性定語從句。尤其要重視which，as引導的非限制性定語從句和it，what引導的主語從句的區(qū)分。4.考查定語從句中的主謂一致現(xiàn)象。如：I,whoamyourclosefriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouwheneveryouareintrouble.5.考查“介詞＋關系代詞”引導的定語從句。“介詞＋關系代詞”引導的定語從句，關系代詞指人時用whom，指物時用which，不能用that。關系代詞作定語時也可用whose。如：Theteacherinfrontofwhosehousestandsatalltreeisverypatientwithhisstudents.3.考查as/which引導的非限制性定語從句。尤其要重39同時還要重視“復雜介詞或代詞”出現(xiàn)時與并列句的區(qū)別。如：Helovedhisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.(定語從句)Helovedhisparentsdeeplyandbothofthemareverykindtohim.(并列句)此外，“介詞+which+名詞”結構，也是一個較為特殊的結構。如：Hewasveryill,inwhichcase(=andinthiscase)wesenthimtohospitalfirst.同時還要重視“復雜介詞或代詞”出現(xiàn)時與并列句的區(qū)別。如：406.考查一些特殊的先行詞。如:當situation,point,case,activity,scene及period,festival,occasion等出現(xiàn)時,要注意具體情況具體分析;作主語、賓語和表語時,用關系代詞that/which;作狀語時,用關系副詞where/when或“介詞＋which”,表示在某種特定的情形下。6.考查一些特殊的先行詞。如:當situation,417.考查定語從句、強調(diào)句、時間狀語從句等的區(qū)別。如：Thenewsthathehadpassedtheexampleasedhimandhisfamily.(同位語從句)Thenews(that)hetoldmethismorningisnotinteresting.(定語從句)Itwas1914whenthewarbrokeout.(時間狀語從句)Itwasin1914thatthewarbrokeout.(強調(diào)句)7.考查定語從句、強調(diào)句、時間狀語從句等的區(qū)421.Itisatrulydelightfulplace,________looksthesameasitmusthavedone100yearsagowithitswindingstreetsandprettycottages.(湖南2015)A.as B.where C.that D.whichD真題再現(xiàn)1.Itisatrulydelightfulpl432.OppositeisSt.Paul’sChurch,___youcanhearsomelovelymusic.(北京2015)A.which B.that C.when D.where3.Creatinganatmosphere____employeesfeelpartofateamisabigchallenge.(浙江2015)A.as B.whose C.inwhich D.atwhichDC2.OppositeisSt.Paul’sChur444.

Thebooksonthedesk,_____coversareshiny,areprizesforus.(四川2015)A.which B.whatC.whose D.that5.Asthesmallestchildofhisfamily,Alexisalwayslongingforthetime____heshouldbeabletobeindependent.(陜西2015)A.whichB.whereC.whomD.whenCD4.Thebooksonthedesk,____45用適當?shù)年P系詞填空。1.SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius,67.____livedfromroughly551to479B.C.,influencedthedevelopmentofchopsticks.（2016新課標全國卷III）2.Ilivenextdoortoacouple______childrenoftenmakealotofnoise.（北京2016）whowhose用適當?shù)年P系詞填空。whowhose463.ButmyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s,65._____IwasthefirstWesternTVreporterpermittedtofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.（2016新課標全國卷I）4.Scientistshaveadvancedmanytheoriesaboutwhyhumanbeingscrytears,noneof______hasbeenproved.（浙江2016）whenwhich3.Butmyconnectionwithpand47鞏固練習I.用適當?shù)年P系詞填空。1.Lightingbonfiresatthistimeoftheyearisatradition__________goesbacktothe17thcentury.2.Thethoughtofgoinghometohisfamilywasall________kepthimhappywhilehewasworkingabroad.3.Thesepeople,______identitieswillbekeptsecret,willbepaid$40aday.which/thatwhosethat鞏固練習I.用適當?shù)年P系詞填空。which/thatw484.Thebeachistheplace________Imostliketobeinthesummer.5.Recentaccidents,________fifteenpeoplelosttheirlives,haverenewedconcernsoverthesafetyofovernightbuses.6.Laurawasalwayshelpingherbrotherwithhisphysicsafterschool,________,ofcourse,madeherparentsveryhappy.7.Thepolicearelookingfortwoboysaged14,_____stoleacomputerfromtheoffice.8.Hehasbeenunwell,andthismaybethereason________helostthematch.wherewherewhichwhowhy4.Thebeachistheplace____499.Doyouknowthedate________wehavetosubmitthefirstessay?10.OurflightfromLondontoHongKongactuallystoppedinSingapore,________wehadn’texpected.whichwhen9.Doyouknowthedate______50II.選用括號內(nèi)合適的關系詞填空。1.It’snotwhatyousaybuttheway______(which,that)yousayitthatannoysher.2.Therearealotofstudentsinthereadingroom,mostof________(whom,which)havetheirheadsbentdownovertheirbooks.3.Thepark________(which,where)Iusuallygorunninginisacrosstheroad.4.Haveyoumetwithasituation________(where,which)youcan’tdealwith?5.Ahugeamountofoilwasspilled,theeffectsof________(which,that)arestillbeingfelt.thatwhomwhichwhichwhichII.選用括號內(nèi)合適的關系詞填空。thatwhomwhi516.Thedangerofdrivingissomething________(which,that)worriesmeeachtimeItravel.7.About30ofherfriendsandrelationscametotheairporttowelcomeherback,someof________(that,whom)hadtraveledlongdistance.8.Thedifficultiesoflivingnearthevolcanoarewellunderstoodbythepeople________(who,whom)farmthelandthere.thatwhomwho6.Thedangerofdrivingisso529.Therearetimes________(when,which)Iwonderwhatmylifewouldbelikewithoutfriends.10._____(As,Which)youwillfind,Iwillneverletyoudown.whenAs9.Therearetimes________(w53III.用適當?shù)摹敖樵~+關系代詞”填空。1.Theyshowedenormouskindnesstome,________Iwillalwaysbegrateful.2.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson,________shecouldturnforhelp.3.Shehasrecentlypublishedacollectionofshortstories,most________firstappearedinthemagazine.4.Jane,________Iplacedthegreatesttrust,failedtomeetmyexpectations.forwhichtowhomofwhichonwhomIII.用適當?shù)摹敖樵~+關系代詞”填空。forwhich545.Thewedding,________onlymembersofthefamilywereinvited,tookplacelastFriday.6.Fortunatelywehadamap,______________wewouldhavegotlost.7.ShehasnowmovedbacktothehouseonLongIsland________shewasborn.8.InthenovelbyPeters,________thefilmisbased,themaincharacterisateenager.9.Therearestillmanythingsinoursolarsystem________________weknownothing.towhichwithoutwhichinwhichonwhichof/aboutwhich5.Thewedding,________only55IV.將下面每組句子合并成一個含非限制性定語從句的復合句。1.Mr.Carterisveryinterestedinourplan.Ispoketohimonthephonelastnight.→______________________________________________________________________________2.ThestreetIliveinisverynoisyatnight.Thismakesitdifficulttosleep.→______________________________________________________________________________Mr.Carter,towhomIspokeonthephonelastnight,isveryinterestedinourplan.ThestreetIliveinisverynoisyatnight,whichmakesitdifficulttosleep.IV.將下面每組句子合并成一個含非限制性定Mr.Cart563.TheQueen’slastvisitwasinMay.Sheopenedthenewhospitalthen.→______________________________________________________________________________4.Ihavesentmyfriendtwoletters.Shehasreceivedneitheroftheletters.→______________________________________________________________________________5.Thenewstadiumwillbeopenednextmonth.Itcanhold90,000people.→______________________________________________________________________________TheQueen’slastvisitwasinMay,whensheopenedthenewhospital.Ihavesentmyfriendtwoletters,neitherofwhichshehasreceived.Thenewstadium,whichcanhold90,000people,willbeopenednextmonth.3.TheQueen’slastvisitwas576.Sheilaisawayfromhomealot.Herjobinvolvesalotoftraveling.→______________________________________________________________________________7.Johnisoneofmyclosestfriends.Ihaveknownhimforaverylongtime.→______________________________________________________________________________Sheila,whosejobinvolvesalotoftraveling,isawayfromhomealot.John,who/whomIhaveknownforaverylongtime,isoneofmyclosestfriends.6.Sheilaisawayfromhomea588.ShelivedinRomeforacoupleofyears.ShetaughtEnglishthere.→______________________________________________________________________________ShelivedinRomeforacoupleofyears,whereshetaughtEnglish.8.ShelivedinRomeforacou59高一英語定語從句課件60定語從句定語從句61知識梳理限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句意義描述主句所涉及的人或物的具體情況,是主句不可或缺的一部分,若省去,主句意義不完整,甚至沒有意義對主句所描述的人或物提供一些附加情況,起補充說明作用,若省去,主句意義仍完整結構要求緊跟先行詞,主句和從句間不用逗號分開主句和從句間用逗號分開限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句知識梳理限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句意義描述主句所涉及的人62功能修飾先行詞既可修飾先行詞也可修飾整個句子引導詞關系代詞:who,whom,whose,which,that關系副詞：when,where,why關系代詞:who,whom,whose,which,as關系副詞：when,where功能修飾先行詞既可修飾先行詞也可修飾整個句子引導詞關系代詞:63e.g.Thisisthehouse(which)weboughtlastmonth.這是我們上個月買的那幢房子。Thehouse,whichweboughtlastmonth,isverynice.這幢房子很漂亮,是我們上個月買的。Theman(whom/that/who)Imetinthestreetwasadriver.我在街上碰到的那個人是個司機。Hismother,wholovedhimverymuch,diedin1998.他的母親很愛他,但在1998年去世了。e.g.Thisisthehouse(which)64注意:①專有名詞具有“獨一無二”的含義,通常只能由非限制性定語從句修飾。e.g.LuXun,whodiedin1936,wasafamouswriterinChina.魯迅于1936年去世,是中國一位著名的作家。②既可以作為限制性定語從句又可作為非限制性定語從句,注意意義上的差別。注意:①專有名詞具有“獨一無二”的含義,通常65e.g.Thereare20studentsinthisclasswhoarefromthenortheastofChina.在這個班里,有20名來自中國東北的學生。Thereare20studentsinthisclass,whoarefromthenortheastofChina.這個班有20名學生,他們來自中國的東北。e.g.Thereare20studentsin66(一)關系代詞關系代詞與關系副詞關系代詞that指物和人在從句中作主語或賓語which指物在從句中作主語或賓語who,whom指人在從句中作主語和賓語whose指人和物在從句中作定語as指物在從句中作主語(一)關系代詞關系代詞與關系副詞that指物和人在從句中67(二)關系副詞關系副詞when指時間在從句中作時間狀語where指地點在從句中地點狀語why指原因在從句中原因狀語(二)關系副詞關when指時間在從句中作時間狀語wh68注意:①在口語和非正式場合,when,where和why或相當于關系副詞的“介詞+which”結構可用that來代替并可省略。e.g.Doyouknowanywhere(that)Icangetadrink?你知道在哪兒我能喝杯酒嗎？注意:69②why或that引導的定語從句,先行詞是reason,且reason又作主句主語時,表語從句不能用because引導,而要用that引導。其句型為：Thereasonwhy...isthat...或Thereasonthat...isthat...。e.g.Thereasonwhyhewaslateforschoolwasthathewasinjuredinthetrafficaccidentonhiswaytoschool.他上學遲到的原因是他在上學路上的交通事故中受傷了。②why或that引導的定語從句,先行詞是reason,70Thereasonthatheexplainedatthemeetingwasthathehadtolookafterhismotherinhospital.他在會上解釋的原因是他不得不去照顧他住院的母親。Thereasonthatheexplaineda71③“地點模糊”的先行詞后跟where引導的定語從句。當先行詞為point,situation,conditions,case,position,stage,scene,spot,activity,family,job等表示某人/物所處的情況、發(fā)展的階段或表達某事的某個方面時,用where引導定語從句,where相當于fromwhich,underwhich等,表示“在這種情況下”,“從……中”等。e.g.We’rejusttryingtoreachapointwherebothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.我們只是盡力想能達到雙方共同坐下來商談的地步。③“地點模糊”的先行詞后跟where引導的定語從72(三)關系代詞與關系副詞的選擇依據(jù)1.考慮代替先行詞的關系詞在從句中充當?shù)恼Z法成分,如果關系詞在從句中作主語、表語、賓語和定語,就用關系代詞；如果關系詞在從句中作狀語,就用關系副詞。Thehouseneedsrepairing.他住的房子需要修理。whereheliveswhich/thathelivesin(三)關系代詞與關系副詞的選擇依據(jù)Thehousenee732.辨別先行詞表示的是人、物、時間、地點還是原因。e.g.Idon’tlikethemanwhoalwaysspeaksillofothers.我不喜歡總是說他人壞話的人。Iwillneverforgetthedayswhenweworkedtogether.我永遠也忘不了我們在一起工作的日子。2.辨別先行詞表示的是人、物、時間、地點還743.判斷從句是限制性還是非限制性定語從句。e.g.Adictionaryisabookthatgivesthemeaningsofwords.詞典是解釋詞語意思的書。Adictionaryisabook,whichgivesthemeaningsofwords.詞典是一本書,它給出詞語的意思。3.判斷從句是限制性還是非限制性定語從句。754.判斷關系詞在從句中作賓語還是作狀語,取決于定語從句中的謂語動詞。e.g.ThisisthepointwhereIdisagree.這就是我不同意的地方。(disagree為不及物動詞,故關系詞用where。)Thisisthepoint(which/that)Idisagreewith.這就是我不同意的地方。(從句缺少介詞with的賓語,用that/which引導,也可以省略)4.判斷關系詞在從句中作賓語還是作狀語,761.關系代詞that與which先行詞指物時,which與that一般可以互換，但也有特殊情況。1)只用that不用which引導定語從句的情況。

a.先行詞前有序數(shù)詞或形容詞用最高級修飾，或先行詞本身就是序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級時，用that不用which。

e.g.ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.ThisisthebestfilmthatIeverseen.關系代詞的辨析1.關系代詞that與which關系代詞的辨析77b.先行詞是不定代詞all,little,few,much,something,anything,everything,none,nothing,some等時,用that不用which。e.g.HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMrLisaid?李老師講的你都記下來了嗎？Thereseemstobenothingthatisimpossibletohimintheworld.對他來說似乎世界上沒有什么不可能的事。

Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.所有能做的都做了。b.先行詞是不定代詞all,little,few,m78c.先行詞被all,every,no,some,any,little,much,oneof,theonly,thevery,theright,thelast,few,just等修飾時,用that不用which。e.g.Allthegueststhatwereinvitedtoherweddingwereimportantpeople.所有應邀來參加她婚禮的客人都是重要人物。ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy.這正是我要買的詞典。Givemeanybooksthatyouwouldrecommend.給我你要推薦的書。c.先行詞被all,every,no,some,a79d.先行詞既有人又有物,兼顧兩者,用that不用which。e.g.Theytalkedaboutthepersonsandthings

thattheyrememberedatschool.他們談論著他們所能記起的在校時的人和事。e.主句是以who或which開頭的疑問句時,用that不用which。e.g.Whoisthemanthatisstandingbythegate?站在門口的那個人是誰？

WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?哪件T恤衫最合我的身？d.先行詞既有人又有物,兼顧兩者,用that不用80f.當先行詞在主句中作表語,而且關系代詞在定語從句中也作表語時,用that不用which。e.g.Shenzhenisnolongerthecitythatitusedtobe.深圳不再是過去的樣子了。f.當先行詞在主句中作表語,而且關系代詞在81g.主句是therebe句型時,修飾主語的定語從句用that不用which。e.g.Thereisaseatinthecornerthatisstillfree.在那個角落還有一個座位空著。h.有兩個定語從句時,一個從句的關系代詞已用which,另一個要用that。e.g.Thecountrybuiltupafactorywhichproducesthingsthathaveneverbeenseenbefore.這個國家建立了一個生產(chǎn)以前從未見到過的東西的工廠。g.主句是therebe句型時,修飾主語的定語從句82i.用作關系副詞,修飾表示時間的名詞,如day,time,moment等代替when時,用that不用which。e.g.Ithappenedontheday

that(when)hewasborn.這事碰巧發(fā)生在他出生的那天。i.用作關系副詞,修飾表示時間的名詞,如832)只用which不用that引導定語從句的情況a.關系代詞前有介詞時,用which不用that。e.g.Thechaironwhichshesatismadeofwood.她坐的那把椅子是用木頭做的。b.引導非限制性定語從句時,用which不用that。e.g.Football,whichisaveryinterestinggame,isplayedallovertheworld.足球,一項非常有趣的運動,在全世界流行。2)只用which不用that引導定語從句的情況84c.先行詞后面有插入語時,用which不用that。e.g.HereistheEnglishgrammarbookwhich,asI’vetoldyou,willhelpyouimproveyourEnglish.這就是我告訴過你的那本英語語法書,它能幫你提高英語水平。d.先行詞本身就是that時,用which不用that。e.g.What’sthatwhichflashedintheskyjustnow?剛才在天空中一閃而過的是什么？c.先行詞后面有插入語時,用which不用that。85e.代表主句中謂語的整體概念時,用which不用that。e.g.Hecanswiminthesea,whichIcan’t.他能在大海里游泳,我不能(在大海里游泳)。f.代表整個主句時,用which不用that。e.g.Hebrokemycup,whichmademeangry.他打破了我的杯子,這使我很生氣。e.代表主句中謂語的整體概念時,用which862.

關系代詞that與who1)只用who而不用that引導定語從句的情況。a.先行詞是指人的不定代詞,如:one,ones,anyone,noone,those,all,nobody,anybody,none等時,用who不用that。e.g.Peoplealllikethosewhohavegoodmanners.人們都喜歡那些有禮貌的人。b.在therebe句型中,多用who指代人。e.g.TherearesomepeoplewhowanttohaveholidaysinHainan.有一些想去海南度假的人。2.關系代詞that與who87c.當先行詞指特定的人時,關系代詞多用who,不指特定的人時,多用that。e.g.Theauntwhocametoseeuslastweekismyfather’syoungersister.上周來看我們的姑姑是我父親的妹妹。d.在非限制性定語從句中作主語時,用who不用that。e.g.ProfessorWang,whoisoversixty,stillworksharddayandnight.王教授已年過六旬,依然夜以繼日努力工作著。c.當先行詞指特定的人時,關系代詞多用who,不88e.當先行詞有較長的后置定語或在被分割的定語從句中時,用who不用that。e.g.ProfessorSmithiscomingsoonwhowillgiveusatalkonhowtolearnEnglish.史密斯教授不久就要來給我們作一場關于如何學英語的講座。e.當先行詞有較長的后置定語或在被分割893.as與which引導定語從句的區(qū)別as與which都可以代指主句中的一部分或整個句子的內(nèi)容,有時可以互換。e.g.Hemarriedher,as/whichwasnatural.很自然地,他和她結婚了。as的特殊用法：(1)as引導的定語從句可以放在句首,而which則不能。e.g.Asisknowntousall,Chinaisdevelopingrapidly.眾所周知,中國發(fā)展迅速。3.as與which引導定語從句的區(qū)別90(2)as表示“正如,正像”,而which無此意。此時,as從句中常有know,expect,happen,pointout,plan,suggest等單詞或短語。e.g.Hecamebackhomelate,asweexpected.正如我們所料,他回家晚了。注意:as引導的定語從句常見句式有：asisknowntoall(眾所周知),asisoftenthecase(經(jīng)常是這個情形),asismentionedabove(如上所述),asisannounced(如宣布的那樣)。(2)as表示“正如,正像”,而which無此意。91(3)當先