實用英語綜合教程1 教案unit2

Unit2FriendshipⅠ.TeachingObjectives:1.GraspthemainideaoftheTextAandTextB2.Masterimportantlanguagepointsandgrammaticalpoints3.Speaking:Howtotalkaboutlikesanddislikesandhowtomakefriends4.Developtheabilityofpracticalwriting:PersonalLettersⅡ.Timeallotment:6periodsTextA&ExercisesTextB&Exercises2periods2periodsGrammar&PracticalWriting2periodsTextAMyFriend,theTelephoneOperatorⅠPre-readingTasks:1.Discussthefollowingquestionsinclass.1)Whatkindofpersondoyouexpectyourfriendtobe?Describeapersonwhoislikelytobeyourfriend.(honest,kind,tolerant,filial,positive,warm-hearted,humorous,responsible,intelligent……)2)Friendshipmaysometimesexertagreatimpactonone’slife.Haveyouheardofanystoriesoffriendship?Doyouthinkyourlifehaseverbeeninfluencedbyyourrelationswithyourfriends?AStoryThedoghasbeenman’sbestfriendforthousandsofyears.Gelertwasahuntingdogbelongingtoahunter.Onemorning,thehunterwenthuntingwithoutthedog.Onhisreturn,hefoundGelertcoveredwithblood.Hisbabywasnotinitsbed.Thinkingthatthedoghadeatenthechild,hekilledthedogwithhissword.Thenoiseawokethebabywhohadbeenasleep,safeandsoundunderapileofbedcoverings.Thefatherhearditscryandfoundthebaby.Underthebedwasfoundawolf,killedbyGelert.Thefaithfuldoghadsavedthebabybutlosthislifebecauseofatragicmisunderstanding.2.BackgroundInformationInthe1870s,AlexanderGrahamBelldesignedadevicethatwenowcallthetelephone.Bell’sextensiveknowledgeofthenatureofsoundandhisunderstandingofmusicenabledhimtoinventthedevice.Bell’sgreatestsuccesswasachievedonMarch10,1876,markingthebirthofthetelephone.Thefirstsentenceeverspokenoveratelephonewasutteredoverthisdeviceonthatday.Thehistoricwords,“Mr.Watson,comehere;Iwantyou”wereutteredbyBell.ⅡWhile—ReadingTasks1.Askthestudentstoreadthenewwordsandexpressions.2.Explainthekeywordsandexpressionsandgivestudentspractice.1)discovervt.發(fā)現(xiàn)discoversthdiscover+that從句discover+wh-疑問詞+動詞不定式discoverern.發(fā)現(xiàn)者discoveryn.發(fā)現(xiàn)discover&learn兩個詞都含有“獲得知識，了解”這個含義。discover指“（通過觀察或研究而）發(fā)現(xiàn)”，往往含有“第一次發(fā)現(xiàn)”的含義。learn的意思是“學習”或“得知”，指“（通過教導而）學習”或“（從別人那里）得知”.e.g.ColumbusdiscoveredAmericain1492.FromherletterIlearnthatsheisoutofwork.2)devicen.裝置、設備；手段、技巧device&equipmentequipment是不可數(shù)名詞，指“（用于某一種活動的一套）設備”。e.g.kitchenequipment/fire-fightingequipment/militaryequipmentdevice是可數(shù)名詞，指“（用于某一具體目的的一件）裝置”。e.g.analarmdevice/asafetydevice/aprotectiondevicee.g.Televisionadvertisinghasbeenusedasadeviceforstimulatingdemand.Hetriedvariousdevicestoarousesympathy.leavesb.tohisowndevices讓某人自己決定怎么做Synonyms:instrument/equipment/machine/tool3)amazingamazedamazeadj.令人驚奇的adj.吃驚的，驚奇的vt.使吃驚e.g.Herperformancewasamazing.Iwasamazedat/byherperformance.Herwideknowledgeamazesme.4)sympathyn.同情e.g.Outofsympathywiththepoor,shewasactivelyinvolvedincharityactivities.insympathywith同情，同意e.g.Iaminsympathywiththosewhoarerichinmateriallifebutpoorinspirituallife.Heisinsympathywiththeirbeliefs.sympatheticadj.同情的，有同情心的e.g.WhenItoldherwhyIwasworried,shewasverysympathetic.sympathizevi.同情，表示同情，同意e.g.Isympathizedwiththosewhoweremadehomelessbytheearthquake.Thewholeclasssympathizedwiththeplan.5)comfortn.安慰；舒適v.安慰，使舒適e.g.Helivedincomfort.Afriendissomeonewhocancomfortyou.bringcomfortderivecomfortfromfindcomfortingivesbcomfortliveincomfortprovidecomforttakecomfortin/fromcomfortableadj.舒服的comfortablyadv.舒服地comfortern.安慰者，給予安慰的事物6)landv.使登陸；使到達e.g.Theplanelandedontime.Thepilotlandedtheplaneveryskillfully.7)planv.&n.計劃e.g.afive-yearplan/along-termplancarryout/devise/implement/makeaplanmapout/drawupaplanputaplanintooperationIplantomakeatriptoBeijingnextweek.Everyuniversitystudentshouldplanforhisfuture.Wewereallinfavorofherplantostageaplay.Synonym:intend/propose8)meanv.a)意思是，表示meansth.mean+that-從句mean+-ing分詞b)打算，意欲meansb.sthmeantodomeansb.todoc)具有重要性mean…tosb.meanwell懷好意bemeanttodo（按道理、按規(guī)矩）必須做e.g.Adictionarytellsyouwhatawordmeans.Thislectureismeantforbeginners.Friendshipmeansalottome.meaningn.意思，意義meaningfulmeaninglessadj.有意思的adj.沒有意義的，沒有價值的e.g.Thiswordhasdifferentmeaningswhenusedindifferentsentences.Whathesaidismeaningful/meaningless.9)onone’swayto前往……的路上e.g.Wegotstuckinatrafficjamonourwaytoschooltoday.Weareonthewaytosuccess.10)lookforwardtosth./doingsth.期待著e.g.Childrenalwayslookforwardtoholidays.Ilookforwardtoseeingyouagain.lookforwardto&expectlookforwardto和expect的中文釋義都有“盼望“的意思，但是兩者的含義還是有區(qū)別的。expect的含義是“預期或要求某事發(fā)生”，而lookforwardto帶有“含著欣喜、急切的心情盼望”的含義。e.g.I’mexpectingaletter.我在等一封信。（不含有“盼望”的意思）I’mlookingforwardtoyourletter.我盼著你的來信。lookafter照看lookbackon回顧，回憶lookforlookoutlookdownon輕視尋找lookinto調(diào)查尊敬小心lookupto3．ReadTextAandaskthestudentstofinishtheexercisesA&Bonpage21&22.4．Studythetextindetails.1)SoonIdiscoveredthatsomewhereinsidethatwonderfuldevicelivedanamazingperson--hernamewas“InformationPlease”andtherewasnothingshedidnotknow.=SoonIfoundthattherewasapersonnamed“InformationPlease”inthetelephone,whowasgreatbecauseshekneweverything.Theobjectclauseintroducedby“that”hereisinvertedinform,thenaturalorderofwhichshouldbe“thatanamazingpersonlivedsomewhereinsidethatwonderfuldevice”.Thereasonfortheinversionisthattheadverbialisplacedatthebeginningoftheclause.e.g.Onherleftstoodherboy.Atthefootofthehillstoodavillagewherehewasborn.2)Thepainwasterribleandtherewasnoonehometooffersympathy.=Noonewasathome,soIcouldnotgetanysympathy.動詞不定式tooffersympathy作為修飾語修飾名詞詞組noone。不定式可以作為名詞的后置修飾語，表達這樣幾種關(guān)系：a)主語和動詞的關(guān)系，即名詞是不定式的邏輯主語。例句就是這種情況，noone是動詞offer的主語。如：Shewasthefirstonetoarriveattheparty.Yourproposalwillbediscussedattheconferencetoopennextweek.b)賓語和動詞的關(guān)系，即名詞是不定式邏輯賓語。如：Ihavetoomanythingstodo.Thereisnothinginterestingtowriteabout.c)同位語的關(guān)系，即名詞和不定式互為同位語。如：Ihavenointentiontoquarrelwithyou.Hisdecisiontowithdrawfromcollegesurprisedusall.值得注意的是不定式主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)的選擇，有時兩種形式都可以。如：Thereisnotimetolose.Thereisnotimetobelost.但有時候習慣上用其中某一種更為自然。如：Wehavealotofworktodo.Thisisadaynevertobeforgotten.“Home”inthissentenceisusedasanadverb.e.g.Shewillbehomeinhalfanhour.Isensedsomeonefollowingmeonmywayhome.3)Thatwillstopthehurt.=Ifyoubreakalittlepieceoficeandputitonyourfinger,thepainwillberelieved.注意這句話中指示代詞that的用法，它指代前文breakalittlepieceoficeandputitonyourfinger整個句子。that/those作為指示代詞通常用于后照應，即指代前文中出現(xiàn)的整個句子或若干句子。如：Mynewcarwasstolen.Thatalmostdrovemecrazy.Wemeethereatfiveo’clock.Thatoughttogiveyouenoughtimetodoyourshopping.如果要指代下文出現(xiàn)的一個或若干句子，通常用this/these。如：ThisiswhatIwanttosay:you’realwaysthinkingofyourself;youneverthinkaboutwhatothersneed.Nowhearthis.Let’smeetattheschoolgateintenminutes.4)Ihadn’tplannedthis,butIheardmyselfsaying.=BeforeIspoke,Ihadn’tthoughtofwhatIwouldsay,butIsaidwithoutintendingtodoso…動詞find，hear，catch,see,notice,watch,smell,feel,find等后面跟反身代詞作賓語，再加上補語，構(gòu)成SVOC的句型，表示自己不知不覺處在（補語所表示的）那種狀態(tài)中。補語可以是-ing分詞，也可以是介詞詞組。e.g.Sheheardherselfhumminganoldfamiliarsong.Ifoundmyselfinadilemma.Thoughshemadegoodpreparationsforthepresentation,shecaughtherselfmakingseveralmistakes.5)“…yourfingermusthavegottenbetterbynow.”=Iguessitisverylikelythatyourfingerhasgottenbetterbynow.這一句話中的must的用法涉及到情態(tài)助動詞的推測性用法，即情態(tài)助動詞表達的是說話人的主觀看法。下面九個情態(tài)助動詞都能作推測性用法：might,may,could,can,should,oughtto,would,will,must值得注意的是這九個情態(tài)助動詞作推測性用法時沒有時態(tài)的差別，而有表示可能性程度的差別。其中might表示可能性程度最低，must表示可能性程度最高，從左至右依次遞增。那么如何表示推測的事件所發(fā)生的時間呢？是通過情態(tài)助動詞后的動詞形式來體現(xiàn)的。如果動詞是完成體形式，表示對于過去事件的推測，如果動詞形式是非完成體形式，表示對于現(xiàn)在或?qū)硎录耐茰y。如：Hemaybeworkingnow.Hecan’thavelosthispassport.Youmusthavebeendisappointedwhenyouheardthenews.6)Iwonderifyouhaveanyideahowmuchyoumeanttomeduringallthattime…=Iamnotsureifyouhaverealizedhowimportantyouweretomeduringthosedays.Iwonderif…:Itcanbeusedforaninquiryoranegativestatement.e.g.Iwonderifyoucanlendmethebook;Ihavelookedforitformonths.不知道你是否可以把那本書借給我，我找了幾個月了。Iwonderifheknowswhatheisdoing.我不知道他是否清楚自己在干什么。idea:Hereitmeans“knowledge,understanding”,whichcanbefollowedby“ofsth.”and“wh-clause”.e.g.Thereportwillgiveyousomeideaoftheseproblems.Hehadnoideawhenshewillbeback.Idon’thavetheslightestideawhattodonowsincemymindisinamess.7)Ineverhadanychildren,andIusedtolookforwardtoyourcalls.”usedtodo表示過去的事實或狀態(tài)否定形式為usednotto或didnotusedto（有縮略形式為usedn’tto或didn’tusedto）。e.g.Thereusedtobeaplaygroundhere,butnowthereisaskyscraper.Peopleusedtobelievethattheearthwasflat.a)usedtodob)be/getusedtosth./doingsth.c)beusedtodo這三個表達中雖然都含有used，但意義和用法截然不同。a)中used是動詞use的過去式，后接動詞不定式，表示過去慣常的動作或狀態(tài)。b)中used是形容詞，后接介詞to，表示“習慣于”。動詞be有時可以和get互換。如：Iamnotusedtotheweatherhere.I’musedtogettingupearly.c)中used是動詞use的過去分詞，和be構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)，意思是“被用來（做某事）”，后接動詞不定式。如：Flowersareoftenusedtoexpressloveandfriendship.與usedto類似，情態(tài)助動詞would也可以表示過去習慣，這兩者往往可以交替使用。如：Whenwewerechildren,weusedto/wouldplaybasketballeveryafternoon.但是，有時它們也不能互換。因為would只能與動態(tài)動詞連用，而usedto則沒有這個限制。如：Thereusedtobeansmallrestaurantatthestreetcorner.這句話中的usedto就不能與would互換。Post-readingTasks1.AskthestudentstofinishexerciseConpage22.2.Askthestudentstodiscussthefollowingquestions1)Whydidtheyoungboybelievethat“InformationPlease”wasanamazingperson?Becausehebelievedthattherewasnothingshedidnotknow.Shecouldgiveacorrectanswertoanyquestion.2)Whentheboydialedtheoperatorattheairportmanyyearslater,whydidheaskthequestion“Couldyoutellmeplease,howtospelltheword‘fix’?”Itcanbeinferredthattheboymusthaveaskedthesamequestionbeforewhenhewasalittleboy.Heaskedthequestionsothattheoperatorcouldrecognizehimbyaskingthesamequestion.Aswasexpected,theoperatoridentifiedthequestionandrecognizedtheboy.Homework1.ReviewTextA2.PreviewTextB3.Finishtheexercisesaboutactivewordsandgrammartipsonpage24~28.TextBTheRoadIsNeverTooLongRevision:dictatethewordsandexpressionsinTextA.Pre-readingTasks1.Askthestudentstoanswerthefollowingquestions.1)Haveyougotaclosefriend?Howdidyougettoknoweachother?2)Whatcanyoulearnfromthispassage?2.BackgroundInformationFriendshipischerishedbypeopleinallculturesandtherearelargenumberofidiomsandproverbsrelatedtoitineverylanguage.HereisalistofEnglishidiomsofthiskind:Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.患難見真情。Afriendiseasierlostthanfound.得友難，失友易。Afriendtoallisafriendtonone.濫交友者無友。Afriendwithoutfaultswillneverbefound。沒有十全十美的朋友。Birdsofafeatherflocktogether.物以類聚，人以群分。Oldfriendsandoldwinearebest.陳酒味醇，老友情深。While-readingTasks1.Askthestudentstoreadthenewwordsandexpressionsloudlyandcorrectly.2.ReadTextBonceandanswerthefollowingquestions.1)Howdidthetwogirlsgettoknoweachother?Theygottoknoweachotherbyaccident.Andtheybecamepenfriendfirstly,thentheymeteachotherfacetoface.2)WhywillthewriterneverforgetthemomentshemetAlice?Becausetheyhadmanydifficultiestoovercometomeeteachother,likethedistanceandlackofmoney.Buttheyneverlostheartandjustworkedhard,doingeverypart-timejobshecouldfind.Thentheymeteachotherandhadverygoodtimetogether.3.Studythetextindetails1)Itisasymboloffriendshipandremindsmeofthepersonwhogaveittomemonthsago.=Thephotoframerepresentsfriendshipandmakesmethinkofthepersonwhosentittomeafewmonthsago.symboln.記號，象征e.g.Theroseisthesymboloflove.adj.象征的，符號的symbolicsymbolizev.象征，作為…的象征e.g.Thesnakeissymbolicofevilinthepoem.Aweddingringsymbolizestheunionofwifeandhusband.remindvt.提醒，使想起remindsb.todosth.remindsb.ofsth.remindsb.that-clausee.g.Pleaseremindmetoleaveheranote.Thefilmremindedhimofhischildhood.PleaseremindmethatImustcallherbeforenine.2)Afewmonthsofletterwritingturnedintoayear,thentwo.=Wekeptwritingtoeachotherforafewmonths,thenoneyear,andthentwoyears.turninto變成e.g.Iamsurprisedtofindtheformertomboyhasturnedintoagracefullady.我驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)從前那個假小子現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)出落成一個優(yōu)雅的女士了。Thereusedtobeaparkhere,butnowithasturnedintoanapartmentcomplex.這里以前是公園，但現(xiàn)在變成了住宅區(qū)。3)IdiscoveredatruefriendinanamazingwayandcametoexpectaletterinmymailboxwithHungarianstampseverymonth.=Ifoundafriendthroughwritingletters,whichwasanunusualway,andeverymonthIwouldwaitforaletterfromHeto逐漸開始；達到（某種狀態(tài)）e.g.Hecametorealizethathealthwasmoreimportantthananythingelse.他逐漸意識到健康是最重要的。TheSecondWorldWarcametoanendin1945.二戰(zhàn)1945年結(jié)束。expectvt.期待，預期e.g.Weexpectedtohearfromyouassoonaspossible.WeexpectedthathewouldbeacceptedbyBeijingUniversity.expectationn.期望，預期againstallexpectations出乎意料beyond(one’s)expectationliveuptoone’sexpectations料想不到符合某人的期望e.g.Sherefusedthejobagainstallexpectations.出乎所有人的意料她沒有接受那份工作。Thecityhaschangedbeyondexpectation.城市變化之大出乎意料。Heworkshardtoliveuptohisparents’expectationsofhim.他努力工作以不辜負父母對他的期望。4)ThissummerIgainedsomethingpricelesswhenIgotofftheplaneinHungarytomeetAlicefacetofaceforthefirsttime.gainn.&v.獲得；增加e.g.Theidiom“Nopain,nogain”meansyouhavetomakeeffortstoachieveanything.Hegainedalotofexperiencebytakingpart-timejobs.pricelessadj.無價的，珍貴的e.g.pricelessjewels貴重首飾pricelesstreasure無價之寶Synonym:precious/valuable/invaluableAntonym:valuelessadj.沒價值的，沒有用的getoff走下e.g.IsawherassoonasIgotoffthetrain.Igotoffthebus,andlaterIfoundmywalletwasgone.5)Wehavehadmanydifficultiestoovercome,likethedistanceandlackofmoney.Butwekepthopingandneverlostheart.difficultyn.困難e.g.HehadsomedifficultieswithhisEnglishpronunciation.Ihavedifficultydealingwiththisproblem.withdifficulty困難地，吃力地e.g.Thepatientwalkedafewstepswithdifficultyandthenstoppedforarest.Sheansweredtheteacher’squestionswithoutdifficultyovercomev.戰(zhàn)勝，克服e.g.Itrequiresgreatcouragetoovercomedifficulties.Youneedtoovercomeselfishness.lackn.&v.缺乏，不足e.g.Hewasnotrecruitedbythecompanyforhislackofworkingexperience.Theschoolfacesaseriouslackofteachers.Thecompanylackscapitalandisgoingbankrupt.lackingadj.缺乏的，不足的e.g.Sheislackinginworkingexperience.n.距離，間隔，遠方e.g.Truefriendshipwillnotbeseparatedbydistance.distanceMyofficeissomedistanceawayfromwhereIlive.adj.遠的distante.g.adistantlandloseheart灰心，喪失勇氣e.g.Heisoptimisticandneverlosesheart.Don’tloseheart.Youstillhaveachance.Post-readingTasksAskthestudentstofinishexerciseA&Bonpage30~31andthecomprehensiveexercisesonpage31~33.PracticalWritingPersonalLetters(個人信件)個人信件用于熟人或關(guān)系比較親近的人之間。由于寫信人與收信人之間關(guān)系比較親近，通常不必在信內(nèi)注明寫信人地址和收信人地址，一般只包括：稱謂（salutation)、正文（body）、結(jié)束語（complimentaryclose）和簽名（signature）幾部分。1.信封的格式與要求：寫信人地址：寫在左上角收信人姓名及地址：寫在中央郵票：貼在右上角郵票———————（寫信人地址）————————————————————（收信人姓名）——————（收信人地址）————————————2常用私人信函寫作格式：信頭：寫信人的地址，日期，應該寫在右上角。尊稱：寫在封內(nèi)地址下面空兩行的左對齊的位置，由Dear加尊稱Mr.(Miss,Mrs.,Ms.)加姓氏，再加逗號結(jié)尾。例如：DearMr.Green,DearMissGreen,DearMrs.Green,DearMsGreen,親愛的格林先生親愛的格林小姐親愛的格林夫人親愛的格林女士如果關(guān)系親密，可以直接用Dear加名字。例如：DearTom,正文：在尊稱下面空一行，每段開頭空4-8個字符。結(jié)尾敬語：位置在正文后空兩行的右下角。例如：Yourssincerely,或Sincerelyyours,Yoursfaithfully,或Faithfullyyours,Yourscordially,或Cordiallyyours,Yours(very)Truly,或(Very)Trulyyours,簽名：寫在結(jié)尾敬語的下一行。No.______,______Street（門牌號，街道名）____________District(區(qū))____________（城市，郵編）____________(省/郡/州)____________(國家)——————（日月，年/月日，年）Dear_尊稱_________,正文_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________