虛擬語氣 grammar課件

SubjunctivemoodGrammar一、語氣的分類英語的動(dòng)詞一般可帶三種不同的語氣:陳述語氣,祈使語氣和虛擬語氣。不同的語氣用動(dòng)詞的不同形式來表示。條件從句If條件從句的謂語形式主句的謂語形式現(xiàn)在過去未來動(dòng)詞的過去(were)had

donewould/could/should/might+動(dòng)詞原形would/could/should/might+have+過去分詞1.動(dòng)詞過去式(were)2.should+動(dòng)詞原形3.wereto+動(dòng)詞原形would/could/should/might+動(dòng)詞原形一、虛擬語氣在條件狀語從句中的用法

要是當(dāng)初她被邀請(qǐng)的話,她就會(huì)去參加這次聚會(huì)了。Shewouldhavegonetothepartyifshehadbeeninvited.今天早上,她要是不叫我的話,我就會(huì)睡過頭了。Ifshehadn'tcalledme,Iwouldhaveoversleptthismorning.1.如果你早來5分鐘,你就趕上這趟車了。Ifyou_______herefiveminutesearlier,you_________________thebus.2.如果我現(xiàn)在不忙,我就來幫你了。IfI____notbusy,I__________younow.3.如果明天下雪了,我們?cè)趺崔k？What______wedoifit____________tomorrow?had

gotwerewould

helpshouldweretosnowwould

have

caughtIfI____________busylastnight,I_______________toseethefilmwithyou.had

not

beenwould

have

goneIfhe

_________

more

carefully,he____________________thecaraccidentyesterday.

would

not

have

had

had

driven

注意若if條件句中有were，had，should時(shí)，可省略if，將這三個(gè)詞提到句首。例如：WereIyou,Iwouldneverdothat.ShouldIhavetime,Iwouldcallonher.Hadyouinformedmeearlier,Iwouldn’thavesignedthecontract.二、虛擬語氣在名詞性從句中的用法1.

wish+

賓語從句表現(xiàn)在:

過去時(shí)表過去:

過去完成時(shí)表將來:

would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形“wish+賓語從句”表示不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，漢語可譯為“但愿…、要是…、悔不該…”Iwisheveryday

were

mybirthday.Thepartywasterrible,IwishI

hadnevergonetoit.Iwishit

would

raintomorrow.3.在表示要求,命令,建議，愿望，堅(jiān)持，想法等動(dòng)詞后面的賓語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞使用should+動(dòng)詞原形,可將should省略。常見動(dòng)詞:一個(gè)堅(jiān)持,兩個(gè)命令,

三個(gè)建議,四個(gè)要求。1)insist

2)order,command

3)advise,suggest,propose4)demand,require,request,askIsuggestthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.Heinsistedthathe(should)besentthere.注意:如suggest,insist不表示“建議”或“堅(jiān)持要某人做某事”,而表示“暗示、表明”、“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”時(shí),賓語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞用陳述語氣。以上動(dòng)詞相應(yīng)的名詞構(gòu)成的名詞性從句包括主語從句、表語從句和同位語也要使用虛擬語氣,從句中的動(dòng)詞形式為(should)+動(dòng)詞原形。名詞：order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request。例如：Mydemandisthatsheshouldcometoseemeonceaweek.Allofusagreewiththeadvicethatthechemicalfactoryshouldbecloseddown.4.

It’snecessary/strange/natural/important/pity/nowonder/impossible/funny/ashame/apity+that從句,從句中的動(dòng)詞要用虛擬,即(should)+動(dòng)詞原形。例如：★Itis

important

thatwe

(should)master

aforeignlanguage.★Itisstrangethatsherefusetocometotheparty.asif/though+從句與現(xiàn)在相反：與過去相反：將來發(fā)生的可能性不大：過去時(shí)過去完成時(shí)★Shelovesthebabyasifitwereherownson.★Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.★Itlooksasifitmightsnow.三、虛擬語氣在其他句型中的用法would/could/might+do我們?cè)撊ニX了。2.It’s(quite/high)time+that過去時(shí)should(不省)+do.你該走了。It’shightimethatyou

went.It’shightimethatyou

were

going.It’shightimethatyou

should

go.It’stimethatwe

wenttobed.It’stimethatwe

should

gotobed.漢語譯為“（早）該做某事了”她早該洗Itisquitetimesheshouldwashherclothes.衣服了3.虛擬語氣用于Ifonly引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中,表示與事實(shí)相反的愿望。其后句中時(shí)態(tài)和Iwish后所接時(shí)態(tài)一致.譯為“要是……就好了”例如：IfonlyIwereaflyingbird!=HowIwishIwereaflyingbird!IfonlyIhadseenthefilm!=HowIwishIhadseenthefilm!Ifonlyhewouldgowithme!=Iwishhewouldgowithme!4.含蓄條件句中的虛擬指沒有明顯的虛擬條件，而是利用表示含蓄條件的詞來暗示虛擬，根據(jù)句意來判斷形式。常表示含蓄的詞有without,butfor(要不是),otherwise(否則)Withoutsunlight,people’slifewouldbedifferentfromtoday.Butforyourhelp,Iwouldn’thavefinishedthework.

Hehesitatedforamomentbeforekickingthe

ball,otherwisehewouldhavescored

agoal.5.混合型的條件句主句與從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在不同的時(shí)間,這時(shí)主從句中謂語動(dòng)詞的虛擬語氣形式因時(shí)間不同而不同,這叫做混合條件句（錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬條件句）。例如：Ifyou

hadasked

himyesterday,you

would

know

whattodonow.例句中從句與過去事實(shí)相反,主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反Ifthestaff

hadbeen

morecareful,

themall

wouldnotbe

onfirenow.★如果他聽了我的勸告,他現(xiàn)在會(huì)通過考試。Hewouldpassthetest

ifhehadtakenmyadvice.

★假如昨天我對(duì)他說了,現(xiàn)在我就知道該怎么辦了。IfIhadspokentohimyesterday,Ishouldknowwhattodonow.★假如我是你,我當(dāng)時(shí)就不會(huì)打破那杯子。

IfIwereyou,Iwouldnothavebrokentheglass.錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句。*近幾年各類考試中常見的試題類型：IftheUnitedStateshadbuiltmorehomesforpoorpeoplein1955,thehousingproblemsnow

insomepartsofthiscountry______soserious.A.wouldn’tbeB.willnothavebeenC.wouldn’thavebeenD.wouldhavenotbeenA

②假設(shè)條件虛擬倒裝。_______sheaman,shemightbeelectedpresident.A.IfwereB.WereC.BeD.IsB③含蓄虛擬條件句。Ilostyouraddress,otherwiseI_______youlongbefore.A.hadvisited B.havevisitedC.wouldhavevisitedD.shouldvisitC④常見的幾種固定句式。

1.IfonlyI______

tomyparents’advice!A.listening

B.listen

C.amlistening

D.hadlistened2.Hissilenceatthemeetingsuggestedthathe_______

toyourplan.A.shouldn’tagree

B.wouldn’tagree

C.hadn’tagreedD.didn’tagreeD

D3.Theoldprofessorgaveordersthattheexperiment_________before6.

A.wasfinished

B.willfinish

C.befinished

D.shallbefinished4.It’shightimehe________

home.

A.goes

B.went

C.willgo

D.isgoingtogo

5.Evenifhe_______(be)here,hecouldn’tsolvetheproblem.A.wasB.wereC.beD.isC

B

B

5.Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit___.A.willrainB.rainsC.rainedD.israined解析:真實(shí)條件句主句為將來時(shí),從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。B1.--Don’tyouthinkitnecessarythathe____toMiamibuttoNewYork?--Iagree,buttheproblemis____hehasrefusedto.(05江蘇)A.willnotbesent;thatB.notbesent;thatC.shouldnotbesent;whatD.shouldnotsend;whatB高考鏈接2.IfI___plantodoanythingIwantedto,I’dliketogotoTibetandtravelthroughasmuchofitaspossible.(05湖北)A.wouldB.couldC.hadtoD.oughttoB3.Youdidn’tletmedrive.Ifwe____inturn,you_____sotired.(全國卷)A.drove;didn’tgetB.drove;wouldn’tgetC.weredriving;didn’tgetD.haddriven;wouldn’thavegotD4.Ididn’tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe____,shewouldhavemetmybrother.(全國卷)A.hascomeB.didcomeC.cameD.hadcomeD1.____hehadnothurthisleg,Johnwouldhavewontherace.(07全國卷)AIfBSinceCThoughDWhen2.______itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangpuBridge.（01全國卷）AWasBShouldCWouldDWill歷年高考真題3.Elizarememberseverythingexactlyasifit_____yesterday.(06全國卷)AwashappeningBhappensChashappenedDhappened4.----Whatwillyoudoifit_____tomorrow?