考研考博-英語-信陽師范學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-信陽師范學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Lightislessvitaltoanimalsthanitistoplants;（）mostanimalstendtoshunthelightratherthantowelcomeit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.forinstance

B.indeed

C.thatis

D.therefore

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞和詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)forinstance“例如”；B選項(xiàng)indeed“的確；事實(shí)上；甚至”；C選項(xiàng)thatis“即；就是說；換言之”；D選項(xiàng)therefore“因此；所以”。句意：光對動物的重要性不如對植物；事實(shí)上，大多數(shù)動物傾向于回避光明，而不是歡迎它?？崭窈蟮膬?nèi)容“mostanimalstendtoshunthelightratherthantowelcomeit大多數(shù)動物傾向于避開光明而不是歡迎它”是對空格前句子的進(jìn)一步說明，因此“事實(shí)上”符合語境，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Anyhopeofafountainofyouthtostoppeoplefromgettingolderisalongwayoff,withsciencejustbeginningtounderstandthecomplexgenetic,physicalandhormonalcausesofaging.Butexpertssaidtherewereinterestingtargetsforstudy,includinggenesinvolvedinAlzheimer'sdisease,thehormoneDHEAandtheroleofexercisesinkeepingpeopleyoung.

StevenLambertsandcolleaguesnotedthatlevelsofDHEAweremuchlowerinolderpeople.OnestudyinadultsshowedtakingDHEAtablets“inducedaremarkableincreaseinperceivedphysicalandphysiologicalwellbeinginbothmenandwomenwithouthavinganeffectonsex”.OtherstudiesonratsshowedgivingthemDHEAcouldpreventobesityanddiabetes.Buttheysaidmuchmorestudywasneeded.

CableFinchandRudophTanzisaiditwasconceivablethatgeneticengineeringexperimentscouldtransfergenesfromonespeciestoanothertoalterlifespan.However,itseemsunlikelythatafewgenesdeterminethe25folddifferenceinlifespansbetweenratsandhumans.Aninstructiveexampleisthe10-folddifferenceinlifespansoffemaleworkerbeesandqueensofthesamegenotype,whichshowmuchsloweragingduringlifespansofmanyactiveyearsofeggproduction.Thedifference—whatthebeeswerefedasjuveniles.

OneinterestinggeneticcandidatewastheAPOEgene,mutationsofwhicharelinkedwithAlzheimer'sdisease.Oneversionofthisgenedoesseemtobelinkedwithlonglife,althoughmanymorestudiesareneeded.

Forthosewhodonotwanttowait,Lamberts'teamsaidexercisecanbekeytopreventingthefrailtythatagingbrings.Lossofmusclestrengthisanimportantfactorintheprocessoffrailty.Onestudyinhomefortheelderlyshowedasedentarylifestylegreatlycontributestothis.Supervisedresistanceexercisetrainingcoulddoublemusclestrengthandsignificantlyincreasegaitvelocityandstair-climbingpower.Thisdemonstratesthatfrailtyintheelderlyisnotanirreversibleeffectofaginganddiseaseandcanbereducedandperhapsevenprevented.

1.ThespecificpurposeofsettingAlzheimer'sdiseaseastheresearchtargetisto（）.

2.ThesecondparagraphimpliesthattakingDHEAtabletswould（）.

3.IntheexamplecitedbyFinchandTanzi,lifespanwasmostlikelyaffectedby（）.

4.Inthesentence“Onestudyinhomefortheelderlyshowed…”(inPara.5),thelastword“this”refersto（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.discoverawaytodecodeallthehumangenes

B.findoutsomethingaboutthegeneticcauseofaging

C.locatethefountainofyouthinhumanbodies

D.probeintotheroleofexerciseinretainingyouth

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.certainlymakepeopleyounger

B.helpyoulosesomeweight

C.promotenoincreaseinsexdrive

D.showlittlehealtheffectlikegreaterbodystrength

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.transferringcertaingenes

B.differentstrainsbetweenspecies

C.natureofone'slifelongwork

D.thedietonetakes

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.exercisetraining

B.preventionoffrailty

C.lossofmusclestrength

D.processofcuringthedisease.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:C

【解析】第1題:1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.ThespecificpurposeofsettingAlzheimer’sdiseaseastheresearchtargetisto______.1.將阿爾茨海默病作為研究對象的具體目的是______。

A.discoverawaytodecodeallthehumangenesA.找到一種解碼所有人類基因的方法

B.findoutsomethingaboutthegeneticcauseofagingB.找出導(dǎo)致衰老的遺傳原因

C.locatethefountainofyouthinhumanbodiesC.在人體中找到青春的源泉

D.probeintotheroleofexerciseinretainingyouthD.探討運(yùn)動在保持青春中的作用

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第四段的內(nèi)容“一個有趣的候選基因是APOE基因，這種基因的突變與阿爾茨海默病有關(guān)。這種基因的一個版本似乎確實(shí)與長壽有關(guān)，盡管還需要更多的研究?！?，從中可知，APOE基因與長壽有關(guān)，而該基因的變異與Alzheimer疾病有關(guān)。說明阿爾茨海默病會造成衰老。所以阿爾茨海默病是為了找出衰老的基因，B項(xiàng)符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“找到一種解碼所有人類基因的方法”中的all太夸張，曲解原文；

C項(xiàng)“在人體中找到青春的源泉”表述錯誤，研究阿爾茨海默病是為了找出導(dǎo)致衰老的基因，而不是保持青春的基因，曲解原文；

D項(xiàng)“探討運(yùn)動在保持青春中的作用”與阿爾茨海默病研究無關(guān)，張冠李戴。

第2題:2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.ThesecondparagraphimpliesthattakingDHEAtabletswould______.2.第二段暗示服用脫氫表雄酮片劑______。

A.certainlymakepeopleyoungerA.當(dāng)然讓人更年輕

B.helpyoulosesomeweightB.幫助你減肥

C.promotenoincreaseinsexdriveC.不會增加性欲

D.showlittlehealtheffectlikegreaterbodystrengthD.會像增強(qiáng)身體力量一樣對健康沒有什么影響

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】首先定位至文章第二段，第二句提到“一項(xiàng)針對成年人的研究表明，服用脫氫表雄酮片可以顯著提高男性和女性的身體和生理健康水平（aremarkableincreaseinperceivedphysicalandphysiologicalwellbeing），但不會對性生活產(chǎn)生影響（withouthavinganeffectonsex）”，從中可知，服用脫氫表雄酮片對男女身心健康都有極大的促進(jìn)，但是對性生活沒什么影響，C項(xiàng)“不會增加性欲”符合原文。故該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“當(dāng)然讓人更年輕”沒有體現(xiàn)，無中生有；

B項(xiàng)“幫助你減肥”，第二段提到的是“注射脫氫表雄酮可以預(yù)防肥胖和糖尿病”，預(yù)防肥胖不代表可以幫助減肥，該項(xiàng)曲解原文；

D項(xiàng)“會像增強(qiáng)身體力量一樣對健康沒有什么影響”與原文不符，文中提到服用脫氫表雄酮片可以顯著提高身體健康，該項(xiàng)曲解原文。

第3題:3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

3.IntheexamplecitedbyFinchandTanzi,lifespanwasmostlikelyaffectedby______.3.在芬奇和坦齊引用的例子中，壽命最有可能受到______的影響。

A.transferringcertaingenesA.某些基因轉(zhuǎn)移

B.differentstrainsbetweenspeciesB.物種間的不同菌株

C.natureofone’slifelongworkC.一生工作性質(zhì)

D.thedietonetakesD.飲食

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第三段列舉的工蜂和蜂王的例子可知，蜂王在積極地大量產(chǎn)卵期間，生命老化得較慢；這也就是說壽命受到終身工作的影響。C項(xiàng)“一生工作性質(zhì)”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“某些基因轉(zhuǎn)移”是基因工程的實(shí)驗(yàn)，與題干無關(guān)，張冠李戴；

B項(xiàng)“物種間的不同菌株”沒有提到，無中生有；

D項(xiàng)“飲食”，第二段最后一句提到“區(qū)別在于，蜜蜂幼年時吃的是什么”，根據(jù)常識，蜂王幼年時只吃蜂王漿，而工蜂幼年時吃花粉等其他蜜蜂食物，所以“蜜蜂幼年時吃的是什么”決定了它們在以后的工作職業(yè)將是什么，歸根到底壽命的長短還是受到終身工作的影響，該項(xiàng)只是解釋蜂王和工蜂的區(qū)別，與題干無關(guān)，張冠李戴。

第4題:4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

4.Inthesentence“Onestudyinhomefortheelderlyshowed…”(Para.5),thelastword“this”refersto______.4.在第五段的“Onestudyinhomefortheelderlyshowed…”中，最后一個單詞“this”指的是______。

A.exercisetrainingA.運(yùn)動訓(xùn)練

B.preventionoffrailtyB.預(yù)防衰弱

C.lossofmusclestrengthC.肌力喪失

D.processofcuringthediseaseD.治療疾病的過程

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】首先，根據(jù)題干定位至第五段第三句“一項(xiàng)針對老年人的家庭研究表明，久坐的生活方式在很大程度上對此（this）起了極大作用”，結(jié)合上文“肌肉力量的喪失（Lossofmusclestrength）是衰弱過程中的一個重要因素”，從中可知，this指的就是上文提到的“肌肉力量的喪失（Lossofmusclestrength）”，故該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A項(xiàng)“運(yùn)動訓(xùn)練”、B項(xiàng)“預(yù)防衰弱”和D項(xiàng)“治療疾病的過程”不符合上下文連接，曲解原文。

3.單選題

Amillionmotoristsleavetheircarsfilledupwithpetrolandwiththekeysintheignitioneveryday.Thevehiclesaresittinginpetrolstationswhiledriverspayfortheirfuel.TheAutomobileAssociation(AA)hasdiscoveredthatcarsareleftunattendedforanaveragethreeminutes—andsometimesconsiderablylonger—asdriversbuydrinks,sweets,cigarettesandotherconsumeritems—andthenpayatthecashtill.Withpaymentbythecreditcardmoreandmorecommon,itisnotunusualforadrivertobeoutofhiscarforaslongassixminutes,providingthecarthiefwithagoldenopportunity.

InanexclusiveAAsurvey,carriedoutatabusygarageonamainroadoutofLondon,300motoristswerequestionedoverthreedaysoftheholidayperiod.Twenty-fourpercentadmittedthatthey“always”or“sometimes”leavethekeysintheircar.Thismeansthatnationwide,amillioncarsdailybecomeeasytargetsfortheopportunistthief.

Formorethantenyearstherehasbeenabiggerriseincarcrimethaninmostothertypesofcrime.Anaverageofmorethantwocarsaminutearebrokeninto,vandalizedorstolenintheUK.Carcrimeaccountsforalmostathirdofallreportedoffenceswithnosignsthatthetrendisslowingdown.

Althoughtherearehighlyprofessionalcriminalsinvolvedincartheft,almost90percentofcarcrimeiscommittedbytheopportunist.Amateurthievesareaidedbyourowncarelessness.WhenAAengineerssurveyedontowncentercarparklastyear,tenpercentofthecarscheckedwereunlocked,afigurebackedbyaHomeOfficenationalsurveythatfound12percentofdriverssometimeslefttheircarsunlocked.TheAArecommendslockingupwheneveryouleavethecarandforhowevershortaperiod.Apartiallyopensun-rooforwindowisafurthercome-ontothieves.

Therearemanyothertrapstoavoid.TheHomeOfficehasfoundlittleawarenessamongdrivesaboutsafeparking.Mostmotoristsquestionedmadenoeffortstoavoidparkinginquietspotsawayfromstreetlights—justtheplacesthieves’love.TheAAadvisesdriverstoparkinplaceswithpeoplearound—thievesdon’tlikeaudiences.Leavingvaluablesinviewisaninvitationtothecriminals.AManchesterProbationaryServiceresearchproject,whichinterviewedalmost100carthieveslastyear,foundmanywouldinvestigateacoatthrownonaseat.Neverleaveanydocumentsshowingyourhomeaddressinthecar.Ifyouhaveagarage,useitandlockit—agaragecarisatsubstantiallylessrisk.

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

2.Whereinthepassagedoestheauthormentionleavingvaluablesinviewisaninvitationtothecriminals?

3.ThecartheftisduetoallofthefollowingEXCEPT（

）.

4.Inordertopreventcartheft,peoplearerecommendedto

（

）.

5.Themainpurposeofthispassageisto（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theuseofcreditcardsmayincreasetheriskofcartheft.

B.Itisadvisedthatthedriverstakecarkeyswiththem.

C.Mostcarsarestolenbyprofessionalthieves.

D.TheAAadvisesthatmotoristsleavetheircarslocked.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thefirstparagraph.

B.Thesecondparagraph.

C.Thethirdparagraph.

D.Thelastparagraph.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.people'scarelessness

B.unawarenessofsafeparking

C.coatleftonthecarseat

D.poorqualityofacarlock

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.parkcarsinquietplaces

B.useagarageandlockit

C.leaveasparecarkeyathome

D.becomeamemberofAA

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.analyzetheriseofthecartheftinBritain

B.reportthesurveyresultsbyAA

C.suggestthewaystoinvestigatecartheft

D.comparecarcrimewithothertypesofcrime

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第四段中的Althoughtherearehighlyprofessionalcriminalsinvolvedincartheft,almost90percentofcarcrimeiscommittedbytheopportunist.（雖然有高度職業(yè)犯罪涉及汽車盜竊，幾乎90%的汽車犯罪是由機(jī)會主義者干的）可知只有少數(shù)汽車是被職業(yè)竊賊偷走的，因此C選項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)汽車是被職業(yè)竊賊偷走的”說法不正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章最后一段中的Leavingvaluablesinviewisaninvitationtothecriminals（把貴重物品放在顯眼的地方是對罪犯的一種誘惑）可知選D。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第四段中的Amateurthievesareaidedbyourowncarelessness（我們自己的粗心大意給那些業(yè)余小偷助了一臂之力）可知與A選項(xiàng)“人的粗心”相符；由第五段中的TheHomeOfficehasfoundlittleawarenessamongdrivesaboutsafeparking（內(nèi)政部發(fā)現(xiàn)，駕車者對安全停車的意識很低）可知與B“未意識到安全停車”相符；由第五段中的whichinterviewedalmost100carthieveslastyear,foundmanywouldinvestigateacoatthrownonaseat.（這個研究項(xiàng)目去年采訪了近100名偷車賊，發(fā)現(xiàn)許多偷車賊會翻看一件扔在座位上的外套）可知與C選項(xiàng)“留在汽車座椅上的外套”相符，故排除A、B、C選項(xiàng)，因此選D，汽車鎖的質(zhì)量問題并沒有在文中提及。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章最后一段中的Ifyouhaveagarage,useitandlockit—agaragecarisatsubstantiallylessrisk.（如果你有一個車庫，使用它并鎖上它——停在車庫里風(fēng)險要小得多）可知B選項(xiàng)“用車庫把它鎖上”符合題意。

5.主旨大意題。通讀全文，可知本文主要分析了英國汽車盜竊案上升的原因：駕駛員的粗心大意；安全停車意識低；將值錢物品放到顯眼處；外套扔在車座上等等，因此選A。

4.單選題

Itwasunfortunatethat,aftersotrouble-freeanarrival,heshouldstumbleinthedarkashewasrisingandseverelytwisthisankleonapieceofrock.Afterthefirstshockthepainbecamebearable,andhegathereduphisparachutebeforelimpingintothetreestohideitasbestashecould.Thehardnessofthegroundandthedeepdarknessmadeitalmostimpossibletodothisefficiently.Thepineneedleslayseveralinchesdeep,sohesimplypilethemontopoftheparachute,cuttingtheshorttwigsthathecouldfeelaroundhislegs,andspreadingthemontopoftheneedles.Hehadgreatdoubtsaboutwhetheritwouldstayburied,buttherewasverylittleelsethathecoulddoaboutit.

Afterlimpingforsomedistanceinanindirectcourseawayfromhisparachutehebegantomakehiswaydownhillthroughthetrees.Hehadtofindoutwherehewas,andthendecidewhattodonext.Butwalkingdownhillonarapidlyswellinganklesoonprovedtobealmostbeyondhispowers.Hemovedmoreandmoreslowly,walkinginlongsidewaymovementsacrosstheslope,whichmeanttakingmorestepsbutlesspainfulones.Bythetimeheclearedthetreesandreachedthevalley,daywasbreaking.Misthunginsoftsheetsacrossthefields.Smallcottagesandfarmbuildingsgroupedlikesleepingcattlearoundavillagechurch,whosepointedtowerpointedhighintothecoldwinterairtowelcomethemorning.

“Ican’tgonofarther,”JohnHardingthought.“Someoneisboundtofindme,butwhatcanIdo?ImustgetarestbeforeIgoon.They’lllookformefirstupthereonthemountainwheretheplanecrashed.Ibetthey’reoutlookingforitalreadyandtheyareboundtofindtheparachuteintheend.Ican’tbelievetheywon’t.Sothey’llknowI’mnotdeadandmustbesomewhere.They’llthinkI’mhidingupthereinthetreesandrockssothey’lllookformethere.SoI’llgodowntothevillage.Withluckbytheeveningmyfootwillbegoodenoughtogetmetotheborder.”

Farabovehimonthemountainsidehecouldhearthefaintechoofvoices,startlinghimafterthegreatsilence.Lookinguphesawlightslikelittlepinpointsmovingacrossthefaceofthemountaininthegraylight.Buttheroadwasdeserted,andhestruggledalong,stillalmostinvisibleinthefirstlight,easinghisachingfootwheneverhecould,avoidingstonesandroughplaces,andlimpingquietlyandpainfullytowardsthevillage.Hereachedthechurchatlast.Agreatneedforpeacealmostdrewhiminside,butheknewthatwouldnotdo.Instead,helimpedalongitswallstowardsaveryoldbuildingstandingashortdistancefromthechurchdoors.Itseemedtohavebeenthereforever,asifithadgrownoutofthehillinside.Ithadthesameairoftimelessnessasthechurch.JohnHardingpushedopentheheavywoodendoorandslippedinside.

1.ItisknownfromthepassagethatJohnHardingwas_______.

2.JohnHardingfoundithardtohidehisparachutebecause_______.

3.Inspiteofhisbadankle,JohnHardingwasableto_______.

4.WhenJohnHardinggotoutoftheforest,hesawthat_______.

5.JohnHardingdecidedtogodowntothevillage_______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.anescapedprisoner

B.acriminalontherunfromthepolice

C.aspywhohadbeenhidingintheforest

D.anairmanwhohadlandedinanenemycountryarea

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.hegothisankletwistedseverely

B.thetreesdidnotgiveverygoodcover

C.theearthwasnotsoftandtherewaslittlelight

D.thepineneedleslaytoothickontheground

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.carryonwalkingfairlyrapidly

B.walkinadirectionthatwaslesssteep

C.bearthepainwithoutchangingdirection

D.findoutwherehehadlanded

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.itwasbeginningtogetmuchlighter

B.washingwashangingonthelinesinthevillage

C.thefieldswerefullofsleepingcows

D.sometreeshadbeenclearednearthevillage

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.tofindadoctortoseetohisankle

B.tobenearthefrontier

C.toavoidthesearchparty

D.tofindshelterinabuilding

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第一段“...hegathereduphisparachutebeforelimpingintothetreestohideitasbestashecould.（……他收起降落傘，跛著腳走入樹林，盡可能將降落傘藏好。）”可以推斷出約翰?哈丁是一個降落在敵國區(qū)域的飛行員。所以D選項(xiàng)“一名降落在敵國地區(qū)的飛行員”正確。A選項(xiàng)“一個逃犯”和B選項(xiàng)“一個正在被警察追捕的罪犯”說法不正確，罪犯有降落傘的可能性極低；C選項(xiàng)“一個藏在森林里的間諜”也不符合題意，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段“Thehardnessofthegroundandthedeepdarknessmadeitalmostimpossibletodothisefficiently.（地面很堅硬，天又一片漆黑，這使他幾乎不可能很好地完成這件事。）”，該句中的“這件事”指的就是藏降落傘，因此C選項(xiàng)“地面堅硬，而且?guī)缀鯖]有光”正確。A選項(xiàng)“他的腳踝嚴(yán)重扭傷了”是原因之一，但不是最主要的原因；關(guān)于B選項(xiàng)“樹木沒有很好的遮蔽”，文章提到“Thepineneedleslayseveralinchesdeep,sohesimplypilethemontopoftheparachute...（堆在地上的松針有幾英尺厚，所以他只需用松針蓋在降落傘的上部……）”，由此可知松針足夠遮蓋住降落傘了，因此B選項(xiàng)錯誤；D選項(xiàng)“地上的松針太厚了”，說法錯誤，這正好給了降落傘一個很好的掩蓋，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“Afterlimpingforsomedistanceinanindirectcourseawayfromhisparachutehebegantomakehiswaydownhillthroughthetrees.Hehadtofindoutwherehewas,andthendecidewhattodonext.Butwalkingdownhillonarapidlyswellinganklesoonprovedtobealmostbeyondhispowers.Hemovedmoreandmoreslowly,walkinginlongsidewaymovementsacrosstheslope,whichmeanttakingmorestepsbutlesspainfulones.（他一瘸一拐地離開降落傘，繞道走了一段路，然后穿過樹林往下走。他必須弄清楚自己在哪里，然后決定下一步該做什么。但他的腳踝迅速腫脹，走下坡很快就超出了他的能力范圍。他走得越來越慢，在斜坡上橫著走很長一段路，這就意味著他要多走幾步，但不那么痛苦了。）”，由此可知C選項(xiàng)“忍受痛苦而不改變方向地向前走”正確。A選項(xiàng)“繼續(xù)相當(dāng)快地走”文中提到“Hemovedmoreandmoreslowly...（他走得越來越慢）”，由此可知A選項(xiàng)不正確；B選項(xiàng)“朝著不那么陡峭的方向走”說法錯誤，文中只提到他換了一個姿勢，但是并沒有更換方向；D選項(xiàng)“找出他降落的地方”說法錯誤，題干問的是“盡管腳踝受傷，約翰?哈丁依然能夠……”，文章并沒有提到他已經(jīng)找到了自己降落的地方，只提到他想要弄清楚，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“Bythetimeheclearedthetreesandreachedthevalley,daywasbreaking.（當(dāng)他走出樹林到達(dá)山谷時，天已經(jīng)破曉了）”，由此可知A選項(xiàng)“天開始變亮了”符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“村子里的繩子上掛著剛洗的衣服”文章沒有提到；C選項(xiàng)“田野里到處都是睡覺的?！闭f法錯誤，文章只提到了“Smallcottagesandfarmbuildingsgroupedlikesleepingcattlearoundavillagechurch...（在村莊的教堂周圍小農(nóng)舍和農(nóng)場建筑物像沉睡的牛群一樣聚在一起……）”，并沒有說到田野里到處都是沉睡的牛群；D選項(xiàng)“村莊附近的一些樹被清除了”文章沒有提到，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第三段的最后一句話“SoI’llgodowntothevillage.Withluckbytheeveningmyfootwillbegoodenoughtogetmetotheborder.（所以我要去村子里。運(yùn)氣好的話，到晚上我的腳就能走到邊境了。）”，由此可知約翰?哈丁決定去村子主要是想去邊境，因此B選項(xiàng)“靠近邊境”正確。A選項(xiàng)“找醫(yī)生治療他的腳踝”和C選項(xiàng)“避開搜索隊(duì)”以及D選項(xiàng)“在建筑中尋找庇護(hù)”都不符合題意，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Whyshouldanyonebuythelatestvolumeintheever-expandingDictionaryofNationalBiography?Idonotmeanthatitisbad,asthereviewerswillagree.Butitwillcostyou65pounds.Andhaveyougottherestofvolumes?Youneedthebasic22plusthelargelydecennialsupplementstobringthetotalto31.Ofcourse,itwillbeanswered,publicandacademiclibrarieswillwantthenewvolume.Afterall,itadds1,068livesofpeoplewhoescapedthenetoftheoriginalcompilers.Yetin10years’timearevisedversionofthewholecaboodle,calledtheNewDictionaryofNationalBiography,willbepublished.Itseditor,ProfessorColinMatthew,tellsmethathewillhaveroomforabout50,000lives,some13,000morethaninthecurrentDNB.Thisratherputsthe1,068inMissingPersonsintheshade.

WhenDr.NichollswrotetotheSpectatorin1989askingfornamesofpeoplewhomreadershadlookedupintheDNBandhadbeendisappointednottofind,shesaysthatshereceivedsome100,000suggestions.(Well,shehadwrittento“otherqualitynewspapers”too.)Assoonashercommitteehadwhittledthenumbersdown,theprofessionalproblemsofaneditorbegan.Contributorsdidn’tfilecopyontime;somewhodidsenttoomany:50,000wordsinsteadof500isarecord,accordingtoDr.Nicholls.

Thereremainsthedinner-partygameofwho’sin,who’sout.Thatisagamethatthereviewershaveplayedandwillcontinuetoplay.Criminalsweremyinitialworry.Afterall,theoriginaleditionoftheDNBboasted.Malefactorswhosecrimesexciteapermanentinteresthavereceivedhardlylessattentionthanbenefactors.Mr.JohnGrossclearlyhadsimilaranxieties,forhecomplainsthat,whilethemurdererChristieisin,Crippenisout.OnemightsayinreplythattheinjusticeofthehangingofEvansinsteadofChristie(entryinMissingPersons)notes.ButthenCrippenwasreputedasthefirstmurderertobecaughtbytelegraphy(hehadtriedtoescapebyshiptoAmerica).

ItissurprisingtofindMaxMillerexcludedwhenreallynotverymemorablenamesgetin.Therehasbeenaconsciousefforttoputinartistsandarchitectsfromthemiddleages.Abouttheirlivesnotmuchisalwaysknown.

OfHugoofBuryStEdmunds,a12th-centuryilluminatorwhosedatesofbirthanddeatharenotrecorded,hisbiographercomments:“WhetherornotHugowasawall-painter,therecordsofhisactivitiesascarverandmanuscriptpainterattesttohisversatility(多才多藝).”Thentherehadtobemorewomen,too(12percent,againsttheoriginalDBNs3),suchasRoyStrong’ssubject,theTudorpainterLevinaTeerlinc,ofwhomheremarks:“Hermostcharacteristicfeatureisaheadattachedtoatoosmall,spindlybody.Hertechniqueremainedawkward,thinandoftencursory.”Doesn’tseemtoqualifyherasamemorableartist.YetitmaybebetterthantherecordoftheoriginalDNB,whichincludedlivesofpeoplewhoneverexisted(suchasMerlin).

1.Thewritersuggeststhatthereisnosenseinbuyingthelatestvolume_______

2.OntheissueofwhoshouldbeincludedintheDNB,thewriterseemstosuggestthat_______

3.CrippenwasabsentfromtheDNB_______.

4.Theauthorquotedafewentireinthelastparagraphto______.

5.Throughoutthepassage,thewriter’stonetowardstheDNBwas______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.becauseitisnotworththeprice.

B.becauseithasfewerentriesthanbefore.

C.unlessonehasallthevolumesinhiscollection.

D.unlessanexpandedDNBwillcomeoutshortly.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theeditorshadclearrulestofollow.

B.thereweretoomanycriminalsintheentries.

C.theeditorsclearlyfavoredbenefactors.

D.theeditorswereirrationalintheirchoices.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.becauseheescapedtotheU.S.

B.becausedeathsentencehadbeenabolished

C.forreasonsnotclarified

D.becauseoftheeditors’mistake

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.illustratesomefeaturesoftheDNB

B.giveemphasistohisargument

C.impressthereaderwithitscontent

D.highlightthepeopleintheMiddleAges

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.complimentary

B.supportive

C.sarcastic

D.bitter

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段開頭“Whyshouldanyonebuythelatestvolumeintheever-expandingDictionaryofNationalBiography?Idonotmeanthatitisbad,asthereviewerswillagree.Butitwillcostyou65pounds.Andhaveyougottherestofvolumes?Youneedthebasic22plusthelargelydecennialsupplementstobringthetotalto31.（人們?yōu)槭裁匆徺I不斷增補(bǔ)的《全國名人傳記辭典》的最新一卷？我并不是像那些評論家一樣認(rèn)為這本辭典不好。但是，它的價格高達(dá)65英鎊，而且，你買了其他卷冊了嗎？你需要22卷基礎(chǔ)冊，加上每兩年出版的增訂卷，要買齊整套書就要買31冊。）”，由此可知這本辭典每兩年都要出增補(bǔ)卷，除非你全部都買了，否則購買最新一卷就沒有意義，所以C選項(xiàng)“除非你收藏了所有的書”正確。A選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗恢颠@個價”也是原因之一，卻不是主要原因；B選項(xiàng)“相比之前的版本，它收錄的詞條更少”與原文意思不符；D選項(xiàng)“除非增訂版名人傳記縮短出版時間”在文章中沒有提及。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第三段“Thereremainsthedinner-partygameofwho’sin,who’sout.Thatisagamethatthereviewershaveplayedandwillcontinuetoplay.（關(guān)于錄取誰的問題，這是讀者提出的問題，并且他們還將提出這樣的問題。）”；“Malefactorswhosecrimesexciteapermanentinterest...Crippenisout.（罪犯的入選讓人擔(dān)心……但是Crippen卻沒有當(dāng)作值得一提的人物收錄其中）”；和第四段“ItissurprisingtofindMaxMillerexcludedwhenreallynotverymemorablenamesgetin.Therehasbeenaconsciousefforttoputinartistsandarchitectsfromthemiddleages.Abouttheirlivesnotmuchisalwaysknown.（令人驚訝的是，麥克斯?米勒被排除在名單之外，而這些名字實(shí)在不太容易記住。從中世紀(jì)開始，很多生平不詳?shù)乃囆g(shù)家和建筑師就有意識被收錄其中。）”，由此可知D選項(xiàng)“編輯在選錄人選上沒有合理的依據(jù)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“編輯們有明確的規(guī)則要遵守”文章沒有提到；B選項(xiàng)“條目中有太多的罪犯”說法錯誤，雖然文中有提到條目中有收錄罪犯，但那只是作者為了闡述編輯們選錄人選沒有依據(jù)的一個例子，所以B選項(xiàng)錯誤；C選項(xiàng)“編輯們顯然偏愛捐助者”可定位到文章第三段“Malefactorswhosecrimesexciteapermanentinteresthavereceivedhardlylessattentionthanbenefactors.（罪犯的入選讓人擔(dān)心，他們受到的關(guān)注不亞于捐助者。）”，此處是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)人們對罪犯入選的關(guān)注不亞于捐助者，并不是強(qiáng)調(diào)編輯們偏愛捐助者，C選項(xiàng)不符合題意，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第三段“Mr.JohnGrossclearlyhadsimilaranxieties,forhecomplainsthat,whilethemurdererChristieisin,Crippenisout.OnemightsayinreplythattheinjusticeofthehangingofEvansinsteadofChristie(entryinMissingPersons)notes.ButthenCrippenwasreputedasthefirstmurderertobecaughtbytelegraphy(hehadtriedtoescapebyshiptoAmerica).（約翰?格羅斯顯然也有類似的焦慮，因?yàn)樗г拐f，雖然兇手Christie上榜，但Crippen出局了。有人可能會回答說，絞死Evans而不是在失蹤人口的條目上的Christie是不公正的。但后來克里朋被認(rèn)為是第一個被電報抓獲的殺人犯，他曾試圖乘船逃往美國。）”。作者舉出Crippen的例子，正是為了說明Crippen應(yīng)該被收錄進(jìn)名人傳記，結(jié)果卻沒有，作者自己也沒有找出原因，因此C選項(xiàng)“原因不明”正確。A選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗拥搅嗣绹闭f法錯誤，根據(jù)第三段最后一句話可知他只是試圖逃到美國，并沒有成功；B選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗佬桃驯粡U除”和D選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)榫庉嫷腻e誤”文章均未提到，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.判斷推理題。作者在最后一段提到了辭典中包括的幾個生平不詳，而且是他認(rèn)為被莫名其妙地收錄辭典的人，用以說明他在第四段提到的觀點(diǎn)，即編輯在收錄人選時沒有合理的依據(jù)。所以B選項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)調(diào)他的觀點(diǎn)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“舉例說明DNB的一些特征”不符合段意；C選項(xiàng)“打動讀者的內(nèi)容”和D選項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)調(diào)中世紀(jì)的人”都與文章意思不符，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。結(jié)合文章，可知作者全文都在批評名人傳記一書，如第一段作者說道“除非你全部都買了，否則購買最新一卷就沒有意義”，由此表示他覺得沒有必要購買此書；又如后面作者提到該辭典的編輯在收錄人選時沒有合理的依據(jù)等等，都在表示作者對該書充滿諷刺與批評。A選項(xiàng)“稱贊的”；B選項(xiàng)“支持的”；C選項(xiàng)“諷刺的”；D選項(xiàng)“充滿仇恨的”。由此可知C選項(xiàng)更符合題意。

6.問答題

Wearewithoutchoicesinmanyaspects,butwedochoosehowweshalllive;

(A)courageouslyorincowardice,(B)honorablyorinhonorably,withpurposeorindrift.Wedecide(C)whatisimportantandwhatistrivialinlife.Andaswedecideandchoose(D)soareourlivesformed.Intheend,formingourowndestinyiswhatambitionisabout.

【答案】B；改成honorablyordishonorably。dishonorably灰溜溜的。

7.單選題

Certainanimalbehaviors,suchasmatingrituals,seemtobe_______，andther