考研考博-英語(yǔ)-廈門理工學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-廈門理工學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Theoriginofcontinentalnucleihaslongbeenapuzzle.Theoriesadvancedsofarhavegenerallyfailedtoexplainthefirststepincontinentgrowth,orhavebeensubjecttoseriousobjections.Itisthepurposeofthisarticletoexaminethepossibleroleoftheimpactoflargemeteoritesorasteroidsintheproductionofcontinentalnuclei.Unfortunately,thegeologicalevolutionoftheEarth’ssurfacehashadanobliteratingeffectontheoriginalcompositionandstructureofthecontinentstosuchanextentthatfurtherterrestrialinvestigationshavesmallchanceofarrivingatanunambiguousanswertothequestionofcontinentalorigin.Paradoxically,cluestotheoriginandearlyhistoryofthesurfacefeaturesoftheEarthmaybefoundontheMoonandplanets,ratherthanontheEarth,becausesomeofthesebodiesappeartohavehadamuchlessactivegeologicalhistory.Asaresult,relativelyprimitivesurfacefeaturesarepreservedforstudyandanalysis.InthecaseofboththeMoonandMars,itisgenerallyconcludedfromtheappearanceoftheirheavilycrateredsurfacesthattheyhavebeensubjectedtobombardmentbylargemeteoroidsduringtheirgeologicalhistory.Likewise,itwouldappearareasonablehypothesisthattheBarthhasalsobeensubjectedtometeoroidbombardmentinpast,andthatverylargebodiesstrucktheEarthearlyinitsgeologicalhistory.

ThelargecraterontheMoonlistedbyBaldwinhasadiameterof285km.However,ifweacceptthehypothesesofformationofsomeofthemarebasinsbyimpact,themaximumlunarimpactcraterdiameterisprobablyaslargeas650km.Basedonalunaranalogy,onemightexpectseveralimpactcratersofatleast500kmdiametertohavebeenformedonEarth.ByapplyingBaldwin’sequation,thedepthofsuchacratershouldbeabout20km.Baldwinadmitsthathisequationgivesexcessivedepthsforlargecraterssothattheactualdepthshouldbesomewhatsmaller.Basedonthemeasureddepthofsmallerlunarcrater,Baldwin’sequationgivesthedepthofthezoneofbrecciationforsuchacraterasabout75km.TheplasticityoftheEarth’smantleatthedepthmakesitimpossibletospeakof“bracciation”intheusualsense.However,localstressesmaybetemporarilysustainedatthatdepth,asshownbytheexistenceofdeep-focusearthquakes.Thus,short-termeffectsmightbeexpectedtoadepthofmorethan50kminthemantle.

Evenwithoutknowingthepreciseeffects,thereislittledoubtthattheformationofa500-kmcraterwouldbeamajorgeologicalevent.Numerousauthorshaveconsideredthegeologicalimplicationsofsuchanevent.Donnatal.have,forexample,calledontheimpactofcontinent-sizebodiesofsialiccompositiontofromtheoriginalcontinents.Twomajordifficultiesinherentinthisconceptarethelackofanyknownsialicmeteorites,andthehighprobabilitythattheenergyofimpactwouldresultinawidedisseminationofsialicmaterial,ratherthanitsconcentrationatthepointofimpact.

Gilvarry,ontheotherhand,calledonmeteoroidimpacttoexplaintheproductionofoceanbasins.Themajordifficultieswiththismodelarethatmorphologyofmostoftheoceanbasinsisnotconsistentwithimpact,andthattheoriginandgrowthofcontinentsisnotadequatelyexplained.

WeagreewithDonnatal.thattheimpactoflargemeteoritesorasteroidsmayhavecausedcontinentformation,butwouldratherthinkintermsofthelocalizedadditionofenergytothesystem,ratherthanintermsoftheadditionofactualsialicmaterial.

Amarebasinis（

）.

Thewriterdoesnotbelievethat

（

）.

Thearticleisprimarilyconcernedwith

（

）.

Sialicmaterialrefersto（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.aformulafordeterminingtherelationshipbetweenthedepthandwidthofcraters

B.avalleythatisfilledinwhenaspatialbodyhasimpactwiththemoonortheearth

C.aplanetoid(smallplanet)createdwhenameteorite,uponstrikingthemoon,breaksoffapartofthemoon

D.adarkspotonthemoon,oncesupposedtobeasea,nowaplain

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.anasteroidislargerthanameteorite.

B.materialfromspace,uponhittingtheearth,waseventuallydistributed

C.theearth,atonetime,hadcraters

D.oceanwereformerlycraters

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.theoriginofcontinents

B.therelationshipbetweenastralphenomenaandthemoon

C.differencesofopinionamongauthoritativegeologists

D.therelationshipbetweenasteroidsandmeteorites

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.thebrokenrockresultingfromtheimpactofameteoriteagainsttheearth

B.materialthatexistsonplanetsotherthantheearth

C.acompositeofrocktypicalofcontinentalareasoftheearth

D.materialthatisman-madetosimulatematerialsthatexistedfarbackingeologicalhistory

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。A選項(xiàng)“是測(cè)定隕石坑深度和寬度的公式”，B選項(xiàng)“某一天體與月球或地球撞擊時(shí)填入的深谷”，C選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)隕星撞擊月亮?xí)r，撞掉的部分月亮而形成小星體”和D選項(xiàng)“月球上的一個(gè)黑點(diǎn)，一度認(rèn)識(shí)是海，現(xiàn)在知道是平原。根據(jù)文章第二段的前兩句“ThelargecraterontheMoonlistedbyBaldwinhasadiameterof285km.However,ifweacceptthehypothesesofformationofsomeofthemarebasinsbyimpact,themaximumlunarimpactcraterdiameterisprobablyaslargeas650km.”“鮑德溫所列出的月球上最大的隅#坑直徑為285公里。可是，如果我們接受了某些由于撞擊而形成海盆地的結(jié)構(gòu)假設(shè)，那么月球上最大隕石坑的直徑可能有650公里?！庇纱丝梢酝茢喑鰉arebasin為月球上的隕石坑，所以D選項(xiàng)正確。

細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第四段講到了Gilvarry用隕星撞擊來(lái)解釋海洋盆地的形成，這一模式的最大困難在于大多數(shù)海洋盆地結(jié)構(gòu)和撞擊情況不符，由此可以推斷出D選項(xiàng)‘作者不相信海洋是以前的隕石坑’正確。

細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章在第一段前三句“Theoriginofcontinentalnucleihaslongbeenapuzzle.Theoriesadvancedsofarhavegenerallyfailedtoexplainthefirststepincontinentgrowth,orhavebeensubjecttoseriousobjections.Itisthepurposeofthisarticletoexaminethepossibleroleoftheimpactoflargemeteoritesorasteroidsintheproductionofcontinentalnuclei.”“大陸核起源長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)一直是個(gè)謎。進(jìn)展到現(xiàn)在的理論一般都不能說(shuō)明大陸生長(zhǎng)的第一步情況，或者遭到嚴(yán)厲的反對(duì)。這篇文章的目的就是要研究大隕星或小行星的撞擊在地球核生成中可能起的作用”推斷出A選項(xiàng)‘大陸的起源’正確。

細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段第三句“Donnatal.have,forexample,calledontheimpactofcontinent-sizebodiesofsialiccompositiontofromtheoriginalcontinents.”“例如，Donnatal.提出大陸區(qū)域大小的，硅鋁結(jié)構(gòu)的天體撞擊形成最初的大陸塊的設(shè)想”可以推斷C選項(xiàng)“地球大陸地區(qū)特有的巖石構(gòu)成”符合題意；A選項(xiàng)“由于隕星撞擊地球形成破碎的巖石”、B選項(xiàng)“存在于地球之外其它星球的材料”和D選項(xiàng)“人造材料模擬存在于遙遠(yuǎn)地質(zhì)史上的材料”均沒(méi)有在文中提及。

2.單選題

Wearesurprisedtofindthathehasa(n)（）streak,withthetendencyofrememberingthewrongsdonetohim.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.vengeful

B.invincible

C.vulnerable

D.violent

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。vengeful“復(fù)仇的，報(bào)復(fù)的”；invincible“無(wú)敵的，不能征服的”；vulnerable“易受攻擊的”；violent“暴力的，猛烈的”。句意：我們驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)他有報(bào)復(fù)心理，他記著那些做了對(duì)不起他的事的人。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.單選題

9.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Quitsmoking.

B.Gojoggingeverymorning.

C.Workoutinthegym.

D.Goonadiet.

【答案】C

【解析】W:Whydon’tyoutrysmokingonecigarettelesseachday,aswellasgoingjoggingeverymorning?

M:Goodidea,butIdon’twanttogojogginginthestreetandatreadmillmaybeabetterchoice.I’msuretrainersatthegymwouldbeabletogivememoreprofessionaladvice.

W:Thatsoundsgood.Thereisonenearmycompany.Iamitsregularmember.

M:Really?Iwillgointohavealook.

Q:Whatisthemanmostlikelytodo?

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。男士說(shuō)：butIdon’twanttogojogginginthestreetandatreadmillmaybeabetterchoice（但我不想在街上慢跑，跑步機(jī)可能是更好的選擇），后來(lái)決定去健身房找專業(yè)人士咨詢。

4.單選題

II.LastTerm,theSupremeCourtinUnitedStatesv.Halper,unanimouslycreatedaruleoflawthatwilldisruptfederal,state,andlocalgovernments’abilitytoenforceavastarrayofimportantregulatoryschemes,includingenvironmentalprotection,securitiesregulation,andtaxcollection.ThislikelydisruptionflowsfromtheCourt’srecognitionthatcertainconstitutionalprotections,previouslythoughtonlyavailabletocriminaldefendants,areattimesequallyaccessibletocivildefendantsfromwhomgovernmentisattemptingtocollectcivilpenaltiesforproscribedactivity.WhiletheCourt’sdecisioninHalperfocusedonlyontheextensionofthedoublejeopardyclausetocivilpenaltyproceedings,itsreasoningandholdingaresufficientlybroadtoallowtheapplicationofotherconstitutionalprotectionstogovernment-initiatedcivilpenaltycases.Theseadditionalconstitutionalprotectionscouldincludetheeighthamendment,theself-incriminationclauseoftheFifthAmendment,andthetrialguaranteesoftheSixthAmendment.

TurninginitiallytothemorenarrowdoublejeopardyissueaddressedinHalper,theCourt’sapplicationofdoublejeopardyprotectiontoacivilpenaltyproceedingwasaremarkablechangeinthelaw.Byextendingthereachofthedoublejeopardyclause,JusticeBlackmun’sopinionignoredaconsistentlineofcasesrecognizingdoublejeopardyprotectiononlyinthecontextofacriminalproceeding.LookingatHalperfromamorepanoramicangle,however,itistheCourt’sreasoning,apartfromitsholdingondoublejeopardythatformsthecoreofthedisruptioncreatedforgovernmentregulatoryprograms.

Forexample,intheprocessofjustifyingitsruling,theCourtfounditnecessary:(1)toblurthelinebetweencivilandcriminalpunishmentandtodefinepunishmentforconstitutionalpurposestoincludecivilpenalties;(2)todiscardastatutoryconstructiontestusedforoverfiftyyearsindecidingwhetheralegislatureintendedacriminalorcivilpenalty;(3)torejecttheconceptofdeterrenceasalegitimateobjectiveofacivilstatute;(4)toreducetheconceptofgovernmentdamagetoamonetaryformulawhileignoringsubstantialprecedentwhichrecognizedthepossibilityofnonmeasurableharmtogovernment;(5)tocreateanaccountingprocedurefordecidingwhenthelineiscrossedbetweenremedyandpunishmentforconstitutionalpurposes;and(6)toallowindividualtrialcourtstoreplacethewilloflegislaturesindecidingtherationallevelofindemnitytogovernmentforitsloss.

1.ThenewrulecreatedbytheCourtinHalpercasewilldisruptdifferentlevelsofgovernments’abilityto___.

2.AccordingtoHalper,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

3.Whatistheremarkablechangeinthelawaccordingtothesecondparagraph?

4.Readingtheparagraphsgiven,onecanfeelthatauthor___theHalpercase.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.enforceavastarrayofimportantregulatoryschemes

B.enforcealltheimportantregulatoryschemes

C.enforcetheimportantregulatoryschemesofenvironmentalprotection,securitiesregulation,andtaxcollection

D.enforcetheimportantregulatoryschemesotherthanenvironmentalprotection,securitiesregulation,andtaxcollection

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Certainconstitutionalprotections,previouslythoughtonlyavailabletocriminaldefendants,areequallyaccessibletocivildefendants.

B.Thereasoningandholdingaresufficientlybroadtoallowtheapplicationofotherconstitutionalprotectionstogovernment-initiatedcivilpenaltycases.

C.Theeighthamendment,theself-incriminationclauseoftheFifthAmendment,andthetrialguaranteesoftheSixthAmendmentareavailabletocivildefendants.

D.TheCourt’sreasoninganddecisionfocusedonlyontheextensionofthedoublejeopardyclausetocivilpenaltyproceedings.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Tonarrowdoublejeopardyissue.

B.Toignoreaconsistentlineofcasesrecognizingdoublejeopardyprotectiononlyinthecontextofacriminalproceeding.

C.Theapplicationofdoublejeopardyprotectiontoacivilpenaltyproceeding.

D.TolookatHalperfromamorepanoramicangle.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.disagreeswith

B.hasnegativefeelingwith

C.whollysupports

D.likes

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段第一句LastTerm,theSupremeCourtinUnitedStatesv.Halper,unanimouslycreatedaruleoflawthatwilldisruptfederal,state,andlocalgovernments’abilitytoenforceavastarrayofimportantregulatoryschemes,includingenvironmentalprotection,securitiesregulation,andtaxcollection.（上一屆，最高法院在美國(guó)訴Halper案中一致制定了一項(xiàng)法律規(guī)則，該規(guī)則將破壞聯(lián)邦、州和地方政府執(zhí)行一系列重要監(jiān)管計(jì)劃的能力，包括環(huán)境保護(hù)、證券監(jiān)管和稅收征收）可知選A選項(xiàng)“執(zhí)行一系列重要的監(jiān)管計(jì)劃”；B選項(xiàng)“執(zhí)行所有重要的規(guī)管計(jì)劃”，C選項(xiàng)“執(zhí)行環(huán)境保護(hù)、證券監(jiān)管、稅收征管等重要監(jiān)管方案”以及D選項(xiàng)“執(zhí)行除環(huán)境保護(hù)、證券監(jiān)管和稅收征管外的重要監(jiān)管計(jì)劃”都不符合原文。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段ThislikelydisruptionflowsfromtheCourt’srecognitionthatcertainconstitutionalprotections,previouslythoughtonlyavailabletocriminaldefendants,areattimesequallyaccessibletocivildefendantsfromwhomgovernmentisattemptingtocollectcivilpenaltiesforproscribedactivity.（這種可能造成的干擾是由于最高法院認(rèn)識(shí)到，某些憲法保護(hù)以前被認(rèn)為只適用于刑事被告，但有時(shí)也適用于民事被告，政府正試圖對(duì)被禁止的活動(dòng)收取民事處罰）可知A選項(xiàng)“某些憲法保護(hù)以前被認(rèn)為只適用于刑事被告，現(xiàn)在對(duì)民事被告也同樣適用”和原文不符；第一段WhiletheCourt’sdecisioninHalperfocusedonlyontheextensionofthedoublejeopardyclausetocivilpenaltyproceedings,itsreasoningandholdingaresufficientlybroadtoallowtheapplicationofotherconstitutionalprotectionstogovernment-initiatedcivilpenaltycases.Theseadditionalconstitutionalprotectionscouldincludetheeighthamendment,theself-incriminationclauseoftheFifthAmendment,andthetrialguaranteesoftheSixthAmendment.（雖然法院在Halper案中的裁決只側(cè)重于將雙重危險(xiǎn)條款擴(kuò)展到民事處罰程序，但其推理和裁定的范圍足夠廣泛，允許將其他憲法保護(hù)適用于政府發(fā)起的民事處罰案件。這些附加的憲法保護(hù)包括第八修正案、第五修正案的自證其罪條款和第六修正案的審判保障）可知B選項(xiàng)“推理和裁定的范圍足夠廣泛，允許對(duì)政府發(fā)起的民事處罰案件適用其他憲法保護(hù)”，C選項(xiàng)“第八修正案、第五修正案的自證其罪條款和第六修正案的審判保證對(duì)民事被告適用”以及D選項(xiàng)“法院的推理和裁決只集中于將雙重危險(xiǎn)條款擴(kuò)大到民事處罰程序”符合原文。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段第一句TurninginitiallytothemorenarrowdoublejeopardyissueaddressedinHalper,theCourt’sapplicationofdoublejeopardyprotectiontoacivilpenaltyproceedingwasaremarkablechangeinthelaw.（最初轉(zhuǎn)向Halpe案中涉及的更狹義的雙重危險(xiǎn)問(wèn)題，法院對(duì)民事處罰程序的雙重危險(xiǎn)保護(hù)的適用是法律上的一個(gè)顯著變化）可知選C選項(xiàng)“雙重危險(xiǎn)保護(hù)在民事處罰程序中的適用”；A選項(xiàng)“縮小雙重危險(xiǎn)問(wèn)題”，B選項(xiàng)“忽視一系列只有在刑事訴訟中才承認(rèn)雙重危險(xiǎn)保護(hù)的案件”以及D選項(xiàng)“從一個(gè)更全景的角度看Halper案”皆不是原文提到的法律上的一個(gè)顯著變化。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。定位到第二段Byextendingthereachofthedoublejeopardyclause,JusticeBlackmun’sopinionignoredaconsistentlineofcasesrecognizingdoublejeopardyprotectiononlyinthecontextofacriminalproceeding.LookingatHalperfromamorepanoramicangle,however,itistheCourt’sreasoning,apartfromitsholdingondoublejeopardythatformsthecoreofthedisruptioncreatedforgovernmentregulatoryprograms.（通過(guò)擴(kuò)大雙重危險(xiǎn)條款的范圍，布萊克門法官的意見(jiàn)忽視了一系列只有在刑事訴訟中才承認(rèn)雙重危險(xiǎn)保護(hù)的案件。然而，從更全面的角度來(lái)看，除了對(duì)雙重危險(xiǎn)的認(rèn)定外，法院的推理構(gòu)成了對(duì)政府監(jiān)管項(xiàng)目造成破壞的核心）可知作者認(rèn)為Halper案的處理方式導(dǎo)致了對(duì)政府監(jiān)管項(xiàng)目造成破壞的核心，可以推測(cè)作者對(duì)Halper案有負(fù)面感覺(jué)，選B選項(xiàng)“對(duì)Halper案有負(fù)面的感覺(jué)”；A選項(xiàng)“不同意”太過(guò)嚴(yán)重；C選項(xiàng)“完全支持”和D選項(xiàng)“喜歡”都不符合原文的表達(dá)。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Theimportanceofprotectingrainforestsfromhumaninvasionisincreasinglyrealizedbydevelopinganddevelopedcountries（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.both

B.either

C.alike

D.apart

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A項(xiàng)both“兩者都”，B項(xiàng)either“也，而且，兩者之中的一個(gè)”；C項(xiàng)alike“相似地，同樣地”，D項(xiàng)apart“相距，分離者”?？崭袂懊媸怯蒩nd連接的兩個(gè)并列成分，那么空格處需要填入一個(gè)副詞與之呼應(yīng)；A項(xiàng)用于both…and…（兩個(gè)都），所以排除；B項(xiàng)用于兩者中的其中一個(gè)，B項(xiàng)排除；句意：保護(hù)熱帶雨林的重要性日益為發(fā)展中國(guó)家和發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家所重視。根據(jù)句意可知D項(xiàng)不符句意，因此C項(xiàng)正確。

6.寫作題

MiltonMizneroncesaid,“Agoodlistenerisnotonlypopulareverywhere,butafterawhilehegetstoknowsomething.”

Listeningisnotthesimplethingitseemstobe.Listeningisparticipatinginatleastfiveimportantways.Youareagoodlistenerif

1.youcan“see”anideawhenyouhearit.

2.youcandistinguishbetweenessentialpointsanddetails.

3.youcandistinguishbetweenfactsandopinions.

4.youcandistinguishbetweeninformationandpersuasion.

5.andifyoucanthenmakeupyourownmindaboutwhathasbeensaid.

Youaretowriteacompositionof150wordsorsoaboutthepoweroflistening.Youshouldwriteaccordingtotheoutlinegivenbelow.Pleasewriteyourcompositionneatlyandclearlyonyouranswersheet.

Topic:ThePowerofListening

Outline

Ievaluateyourlisteningpower

IIjustifytheneedtoimprovelisteningpowereducationally,socially,politically,nationallyandinternationally

IIIdrawanaturalconclusion

Markswillbeawardedforcontent,organization,grammarandappropriateness.

Failuretofollowtheinstructionsmayresultinalossofmarks.

【答案】Listeningisoneofthemostimportantskillsonecanpossess.Asforme,Ilistentoobtaininformation,tounderstandandtolearn.Ipreferreductivelistening,whichhelpsmereduceeverythingdowntowhatisrelevantanddiscardeverythingthat’snotrelevant.ThatmeanswhenIcommunicatewithothers,Iprefertolistenwithpurpose.Icanalwaysgetmyanswerafterconversation.Frommypointofview,thepoweroflisteningisthatyoumakeaconsciousefforttohearnotonlythewordsthatanotherpersonissaying,butmoreimportantly,trytounderstandthecompletemessagebeingsent.Iwillillustratemypointfromfollowingaspects.

Inclass,itissignificantforbothteacherandstudentstoactivelylisten.Listentothequestionsofstudentsmayhelpteacherfindanefficientwaytoimproveteachingskillandlistentothekeyinformationthatteacherdeliveredcouldhelpstudentsgainabundantknowledge.Insociety,listeningisalsoanindispensablewaytopromotemutualunderstandingandtrust.Thetwocountriesenjoyfirmandfriendlyrelationsifactivelisteningisconducted.Forexample,resultfromlisteningtoeachotherandofferingtimelyhelp,ChinaandPakistanenjoytraditionalfriendship.Ontheotherside,AmericafailedtolistentotheappealandsuggestionsofChina,thetradedisputeswouldnevercease.

Inaword,listeningisacrucialskillthatneedstobelearnedandpracticedfromallaspectsofourdailylife.

7.單選題

Theboyhasadmittedto（

）thewindowwhileplayingfootballyesterday.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.breaking

B.havingbeenbroken

C.break

D.bebreaking

【答案】A

【解析】句意:那個(gè)男孩承認(rèn)在昨天踢足球的時(shí)候打破了窗子。

語(yǔ)法題?？疾閯?dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。admitto中的to是介詞，后接動(dòng)詞吋需用-ing形式,排除C，D；并且break是瞬間動(dòng)詞不能用完成時(shí)態(tài)，故答案選項(xiàng)為A。

8.單選題

Justasthebuilderisskilledinthehandlingofhisbricks,______istheexperiencedwriterinthehandlingofhiswords.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.so

B.as

C.thus

D.equally

【答案】A

【解析】考查狀語(yǔ)從句。句意：正如建筑工人熟練地使用他的磚，經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的作家同樣如此地運(yùn)用他的文字。justas...so“就像……，……同樣”，justas引出表示對(duì)比的從句，主句用so相對(duì)應(yīng)，A選項(xiàng)so符合題意。其余選項(xiàng)用法錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Thefutureoftheworld’sclimateis______withtheriseoftemperature,wewillhavemoreextremeweathers.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.atodds

B.introuble

C.invain

D.atstake

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項(xiàng)atodds“爭(zhēng)執(zhí)，不一致”，B項(xiàng)introuble“在監(jiān)禁中，處于不幸中”，C項(xiàng)invain“徒勞，無(wú)效”，D項(xiàng)atstake“處于危險(xiǎn)之中，在緊要關(guān)頭”。根據(jù)空格后面部分的句子意思“隨著氣溫的升高，我們將會(huì)有更多的極端天氣”可推斷，空格處填入D項(xiàng)符合。句意：隨著氣溫的上升，世界氣候的未來(lái)岌岌可危，我們將會(huì)有更多的極端天氣。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

IfIdidn’tknowtheword,Ihadtoa（

）dictionary.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.lookout

B.makeout

C.referto

D.goover

【答案】C

【解析】詞組辨析題。A選項(xiàng)lookout“（表示警告，尤指有危險(xiǎn)）小心，當(dāng)心，留神”；B選項(xiàng)makeout“理解，辨認(rèn)”；C選項(xiàng)referto“涉及，與……相關(guān)，查閱，參考”；D選項(xiàng)goover“復(fù)習(xí)，仔細(xì)檢查”。根據(jù)前一句句意‘我不認(rèn)識(shí)這個(gè)單詞，’以及空格后“adictionary詞典”可知C選項(xiàng)referto“查閱，參考”正確。

11.單選題

Despitetheirgoodservice;mostinnsarelesscostlythanhotelsof（

）standards.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.equivalent

B.alike

C.uniform

D.likely

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)equivalent“相等的”；B選項(xiàng)alike“相似的”；C選項(xiàng)uniform“統(tǒng)一的”；D選項(xiàng)likely“可能的”。句意：盡管他們的服務(wù)好；但相對(duì)于同等標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的旅館來(lái)說(shuō)，大多數(shù)旅館都更便宜。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

12.單選題

Inaprimaryschool,achildisinacomparativelysimplesettingandmostoftheformsarelationshipwithonefamiliarteacher.Onenteringsecondaryschool,anewworldopensupandfrequentlyitisamuchmoredifficultworld.Thepupilsoonlearnstobelessfreeinthewayhespeakstoteachersandeventohisfellowuppupils.Hebeginstolosegraduallythefreeandeasywaysoftheprimaryschool,forhesensestheneedforamorecautiousapproachinthesecondaryschoolwherethereareolderpupils.Secondarystaffandpupilssufferfromthepressureofacademicworkandseemtohavelesstimetostopandtalk.Teacherswithspecialistrolesmayseehundredsofchildreninaweek,andapupilmaybeabletoformrelationshipwithveryfewofthestaff.Hehastodecidewhichadultsareapproachable;goodschoolswillmakecleartoeveryyoungpersonfromthefirstyearwhatguidanceandpersonalhelpisavailablebutwhethertherealityoflifeintheinstitutionactuallyencouragesrequestsforhelpisanothermatters.

Adultsoftenforgetwhataconfusingpictureschoolcanoffertoachild.Heseesagreatdealofmovement,agreatnumberofpeople-oftenratherfrightening-lookingpeople-andrealizesthatanincreasingnumberofchoicesanddecisionhavetobemade.Asheprogressesthroughtheschooltheconfusionmaybecomelessbutthechoicesanddecisionsrequiredwillincrease.Theschoolwillrightlyexpectthepupiltotakethefirststepstoobtainthehelpheneeds,forthisisthepatternofadultlifeforwhichhehastobeprepared,butallthetimetheopportunitypersonalandgroupadvicemustbepresentedinawaywhichmakesthemeasytounderstandandwithineasyreachofpupils.

1.Accordingtothepassageoneoftheproblemsforpupilsenteringsecondaryschoolsisthat

（

）

2.Insecondaryschoolseverypupilhavingproblemsshould（

）.

3.Inthispassageaboutsecondaryschools,theauthorismainlyconcernedabout（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

5.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theyaretaughtbymanydifferentteachers

B.theydonotattendlessonsineverysubject

C.theteachersdonotwanttobefriendly

D.theteachersgivemostattentiontothemoreacademicpupils

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.knowhowtoaskforhelp

B.befreefromanypressureofacademicwork

C.toabletodiscusshisproblemsinclass

D.beabletodiscusshisproblemswithanyteacher

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.academicstandards

B.theroleofspecialistteachers

C.thetrainingoftheindividualteachers

D.thepersonaldevelopmentofpupils

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Pupilswillformrelationshipwitholdpupilsratherthanteachers.

B.Thesettingoftheprimaryschooliscomparativelysimplerthanthatofthesecondaryschool.

C.Alltheteachersinthesecondaryschoolareratherfrightening-looking.

D.Pupilshaveopportunitiestogethelpfromanyteacherinthesecondaryschool.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thedifferencebetweentheprimaryschoolandthesecondaryschool.

B.Themethodthatpupilsgethelpfromtheteachers.

C.Thepersonaldevelopmentofthepupilsinthesecondaryschool.

D.Thefunctionofthesecondaryschool.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.文章第一段teacherswithspecialistrolesmayseehundredsofchildreninaweek,andapupilmaybeabletoformrelationshipwithveryfewofthestaff提到老師每周要與幾百個(gè)孩子打交道，學(xué)生們很少能和老師形成密切的關(guān)系。因而能夠推斷學(xué)生們進(jìn)入中學(xué)后會(huì)面對(duì)更多的老師，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.文章第一段最后一句提到好的學(xué)校會(huì)讓學(xué)生們清楚知道他們可以尋求哪些老師的幫助。第二段又指出學(xué)校應(yīng)該期望學(xué)生們開始學(xué)習(xí)如何尋求他所需的幫助，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.文章主要在講述學(xué)生們從小學(xué)到初中經(jīng)歷的環(huán)境的巨大的變化，他們的感受，以及學(xué)校和老師應(yīng)該采取什么方式來(lái)應(yīng)對(duì)學(xué)生們的這些變化。由此可知，作者關(guān)注的是學(xué)生們的成長(zhǎng)。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.文章第一句Inaprimaryschool,achildisinacomparativelysimplesettingandmostoftheformsarelationshipwithonefamiliarteacher提到小學(xué)的環(huán)境相對(duì)于單純，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.文章主要是在講述學(xué)生們步入中學(xué)后面臨的一些問(wèn)題，以及學(xué)校和老師就這些問(wèn)題采取的一些措施，作者關(guān)心的是學(xué)生們的成長(zhǎng)，所以選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

13.單選題

Salariesfor（

）positionsseemtobehigherthanforpermanentones.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.legal

B.optional

C.voluntary

D.temporary

【答案】D

【解析】句意:做臨時(shí)性的工作拿到的工資好像比固定工作要高。

形容詞辨析。Legal法律的，合法的;optional可選擇的，隨意的;voluntary自愿的;temporary臨時(shí)的。根據(jù)句子已知信息permanentones(固定工作)推測(cè)D符合句意。

14.單選題

Humanityusesalittlelessthanhalfthewateravailableworldwide.Yetoccurrencesofshortagesanddroughtsarecausingfamineanddistressinsomeareas,andindustrialandagriculturalby-productsarepollutingwatersupplies.Sincetheworld'spopulationisexpectedtodoubleinthenext50years,manyexpertsthinkweareontheedgeofawidespreadwatercrisis.

Butthatdoesn’thavetobetheoutcome.Watershortagesdonothavetotroubletheworld,ifwestartvaluingwatermorethanwehaveinthepast.Justaswebegantoappreciatepetroleummoreafterthe1970soilcrises,todaywemuststartlookingatwaterfromafresheconomicperspective.Wecannolongeraffordtoconsiderwateravirtuallyfreeresourceofwhichwecanuseasmuchaswelikeinanywaywewant.

Instead,forallusesexceptthedomesticdemandofthepoor,governmentsshouldpricewatertoreflectitsactualvalue.Thismeanschargingafeeforthewateritselfaswellasforthesupplycosts.

Governmentsshouldalsoprotectthisresourcebyprovidingwaterinmoreeconomicallyandenvironmentallysoundways.Forexample,oftenthecheapestwaytoprovideirrigationwaterinthedrytropicsisthroughsmall-scaleprojects,suchasgatheringrainfallindepressionsandpumpingittonearbycropland.

Nomatterwhatstepsgovernmentstaketoprovidewatermoreefficiently,the