2018年6月英語四級真題及答案第三套

2018年6月英語四級真題及答案第三套PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayontheimportanceofspeakingabilityandhowtodevelopit.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartIIListeningComprehension(25minutes)特別說明：由于四級考試全國共考了兩套聽力，本套真題聽力與前兩套內容相同，只是選項順序不同，故不再重復給出。PartIUReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Neon(霓虹)istoHongKongasredphoneboothsaretoLondonandfogistoSanFrancisco.Whennightfalls,redandblueandothercolors26ahazy(霧蒙蒙的)glowoveracitylitupbytensofthousandsofneonsigns.Butmanyofthemaregoingdark,27bymorepractical,butlessromantic,LEDs(發(fā)光二極管).Changingbuildingcodes,evolvingtastes,andthehighcostofmaintainingthosewonderfuloldsignshavebusinessesembracingLEDs,whichareenergy28,butstillcarrygreatcost.“Tome,neonrepresentsmemoriesofthepast,”saysphotographerSharonBlance,whoseseriesHongKongNeoncelebratesthecity'sfamoussigns.“LookingatthesignsnowIgetafeelingofamazement,mixedwithsadness.”Buildinganeonsignisanartpracticedby29trainedonthejobtomoldglasstubesinto30shapesandletters.Theyfillthesetubeswithgasesthatglowwhen31.Neonmakesorange,whileothergasesmakeyelloworblue.Ittakesmanyhourstocraftasinglesign.BlancespentaweekinHongKongand32morethan60signs;22ofthemappearintheseriesthatcapturethesignslightinguplonelystreets-an33thatmakesiteasytoadmiretheircolorsandcraftsmanship.“Ilovethebeautiful,handcrafted,old-fashioned34ofneon,”saysBlance.Thesignsdonothingmorethan35arestaurant,theater,orotherbusiness,butdosointhemoststrikingwaypossible.A)alternativeI)photographedB)approachJ)professionalsC)castK)qualityD)challengingL)replacedE)decorativeM)stimulateF)efficientN)symbolizesG)electrifiedO)volunteersH)identifySectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.NewJerseySchoolDistrictEasesPressureonStudents-BaringanEthnicDivideThisfall,DavidAderhold,thechiefofahigh-achievingschooldistrictnearPrinceton,NewJersey,sentparentsanalarming16letter.Theschooldistrict,hesaid,wasfacingacrisis.Itsstudentswereoverburdenedandstressedout,havingtocopewithtoomuchworkandtoomanydemands.Inthepreviousschoolyear,120middleandhighschoolstudentswererecommendedformentalhealthassessmentsand40werehospitalized.Andonasurveyadministeredbythedistrict,studentswrotethingslike,“Ihategoingtoschool,”and“Comingoutof12yearsinthisdistrict,Ihavelearnedonething:thatagrade,apercentageorevenapointistobevaluedoveranythingelse.”Withhisletter,AderholdinsertedWestWindsor-PlainsboroRegionalSchoolDistrictintoanationaldiscussionabouttheintensefocusonachievementateliteschools,andwhetherithasgonetoofar.Atfollow-upmeetings,heurgedparentstojoinhiminadvocatinga“wholechild”approachtoschoolingthatrespects“social-emotionaldevelopment”and“deepandmeaningfullearning”overacademicsalone.Thealternative,hesuggested,wastofacetheprospectofbecominganotherPaloAlto,California,whereoutsizestressonteenagestudentsisbelievedtohavecontributedtoanumberofsuicidesinthelastsixyears.Butinsteadofbringingfamiliestogether,Aderhold'sletterrevealedadivideinthedistrict,whichhas9,700students,andonethatbrokedownroughlyalongraciallines.OnonesidearewhiteparentslikeCatherineFoley,aformerpresidentoftheParent-Teacher-StudentAssociationatherdaughter'smiddleschool,whohascometoseethedistrict'sincreasinglypressuredatmosphereasopposedtolearning.“Mysonwasinfourthgradeandtoldme,‘I'mnotgoingtoamounttoanythingbecauseIhavenothingtoputonmyresume,'^shesaid.OntheothersideareparentslikeMikeJia,oneofthethousandsofAsian-Americanprofessionalswhohavemovedtothedistrictinthepastdecade,whosaidAderhold'sreformswouldamounttoa“dumbingdown”ofhischildren'seducation.“Whatishappeningherereflectsanationalanti-intellectualtrendthatwillnotprepareourchildrenforthefuture,”Jiasaid.About10minutesfromPrincetonandanhourandahalffromNewYorkCity,WestWindsorandPlainsborohavebecomepopularbedroomcommunitiesfortechnologyentrepreneurs,researchersandengineers,drawninlargepartbythepublicschools.Fromthelastthreegraduatingclasses,16seniorswereadmittedtoMIT.ItproducesScienceOlympiadwinners,classicallytrainedmusiciansandstudentswithperfectSATscores.ThedistricthasbecomeincreasinglypopularwithimmigrantfamiliesfromChina,IndiaandKorea.Thisyear,65percentofitsstudentsareAsian-American,comparedwith44percentin2007.ManyofthemarethefirstintheirfamiliesbornintheUnitedStates.Theyhavehadagrowinginfluenceonthedistrict.Asian-Americanparentsareenthusiasticsupportersofthecompetitiveinstrumentalmusicprogram.Theyhavebeenhugesupportersofthedistrict'sadvancedmathematicsprogram,whichoncebeganinthefourthgradebutwillnowstartinthesixth.Thechangetotheprogram,inwhich90percentoftheparticipatingstudentsareAsian-American,isoneofAderhold'sreforms.Asian-Americanstudentshavebeeneagerparticipantsinastateprogramthatpermitsthemtotakesummerclassesoffcampusforhighschoolcredit,allowingthemtomaximizethenumberofhonorsandAdvancedPlacementclassestheycantake,anotherpracticethatAderholdislimitingthisschoolyear.WithmanyAsian-Americanchildrenattendingsupplementaryinstructionalprograms,thereisaperceptionamongsomewhitefamiliesthattheelementaryschoolcurriculumisbeingspeduptoaccommodatethem.BothAsian-Americanandwhitefamiliessaythetensionbetweenthetwogroupshasgrownsteadilyoverthepastfewyears,asthenumberofAsianfamilieshasrisen.ButthedivisionhasbecomemoreobviousinrecentmonthsasAderholdhasmadechanges,includingno-homeworknights,anendtohighschoolmidtermsandfinals,andaninitiativethatmadeiteasiertoparticipateinthemusicprogram.JenniferLee,professorofsociologyattheUniversityofCalifornia,Irvine,andanauthorofTheAsianAmericanAchievementParadox,saysmisunderstandingsbetweenfirst-generationAsian-Americanparentsandthosewhohavebeeninthiscountrylongerarecommon.Whatwhitemiddle-classparentsdonotalwaysunderstand,shesaid,ishowmuchpressurerecentimmigrantsfeeltoboosttheirchildrenintothemiddleclass.“Theydon'thavethesamechancestogettheirchildreninternships(實習職位)orjobsatlawfirms,”Leesaid.“Sowhattheybelieveisthattheirchildrenmustexcelandbeattheirwhitepeersinacademicsettingssotheyhavethesamechancestoexcellater.”TheissueofthestressesfeltbystudentsineliteschooldistrictshasgainedattentioninrecentyearsasschoolsinplaceslikeNewton,Massachusetts,andPaloAltohavereportedanumberofsuicides.WestWindsor-Plainsborohasnothadateenagesuicideinrecentyears,butAderhold,whohasworkedinthedistrictforsevenyearsandbeenchiefforthelastthreeyears,saidhehadseentroublingsigns.Inarecentartassignment,amiddleschoolstudentdepicted(描繪)anoverburdenedchildwhowasbeingscoldedforearninganA,ratherthananA+,onamathexam.Intheimage,themotherscoldsthestudentwiththewords,“Shameonyou!”Further,hesaid,theNewJerseyEducationDepartmenthasflaggedatleasttwopiecesofwritingonstateEnglishlanguageassessmentsinwhichstudentsexpressedsuicidalthoughts.Thesurveycommissionedbythedistrictfoundthat68percentofhighschoolhonorandAdvancedPlacementstudentsreportedfeelingstressedaboutschool“alwaysormostofthetime.”“Weneedtobringbacksomebalance,”Aderholdsaid.“Youdon'twanttowaituntilit'stoolatetodosomething.”Notallpublicopinionhasfallenalongraciallines.KarenSue,theChinese-Americanmotherofafifth-graderandaneighth-grader,believesthecompetitionwithinthedistricthasgottenoutofcontrol.Sue,whowasbornintheUnitedStatestoimmigrantparents,wantsherpeerstodialitback.“It'sbecomeanarmsrace,aneducationalarmsrace,”shesaid.“Weallwantourkidstoachieveandbesuccessful.Thequestionis,atwhatcost?”Aderholdislimitingtheextraclassesthatstudentsareallowedtotakeoffcampus.WhiteandAsian-AmericanparentsrespondeddifferentlytoAderhold'sappeal.Suicidalthoughtshaveappearedinsomestudents'writings.Aderhold'sreformoftheadvancedmathematicsprogramwillaffectAsian-Americanstudentsmost.Aderholdappealedforparents'supportinpromotinganal-lrounddevelopmentofchildren,insteadoffocusingonlyontheiracademicperformance.OneChinese-Americanparentthinksthecompetitioninthedistricthasgonetoofar.Immigrantparentsbelievethatacademicexcellencewillallowtheirchildrenequalchancestosucceedinthefuture.ManybusinessmenandprofessionalshavemovedtoWestWindsorandPlainsborobecauseofthepublicschoolsthere.AnumberofstudentsinAderhold'sschooldistrictwerefoundtohavestress-inducedmentalhealthproblems.ThetensionbetweenAsian-Americanandwhitefamilieshasincreasedinrecentyears.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarked,B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Forthousandsofyears,peoplehaveknownthatthebestwaytounderstandaconceptistoexplainittosomeoneelse.“Whileweteach,welearn,”saidRomanphilosopherSeneca.Nowscientistsarebringingthisancientwisdomup-to-date.They'redocumentingwhyteachingissuchafruitfulwaytolearn,anddesigninginnovativewaysforyoungpeopletoengageininstruction.Researchershavefoundthatstudentswhosignuptotutorothersworkhardertounderstandthematerial,recallitmoreaccuratelyandapplyitmoreeffectively.Studentteachersscorehigheronteststhanpupilswho'relearningonlyfortheirownsake.Buthowcanchildren,stilllearningthemselves,teachothers?Oneanswer:Theycantutoryoungerkids.Somestudieshavefoundthatfirst-bornchildrenaremoreintelligentthantheirlater-bornsiblings(兄弟姐妹).ThissuggeststheirhigherIQsresultfromthetimetheyspendteachingtheirsiblings.Noweducatorsareexperimentingwithwaystoapplythismodeltoacademicsubjects.Theyengagecollegeundergraduatestoteachcomputersciencetohighschoolstudents,whointurninstructmiddleschoolstudentsonthetopic.Butthemostcutting-edgetoolunderdevelopmentisthe“teachableagent"-acomputerizedcharacterwholearns,tries,makesmistakesandasksquestionsjustlikeareal-worldpupil.Computerscientistshavecreatedananimated(動畫的)figurecalledBetty'sBrain,whohasbeen“taught"aboutenvironmentalsciencebyhundredsofmiddleschoolstudents.StudentteachersaremotivatedtohelpBettymastercertainmaterials.Whilepreparingtoteach,theyorganizetheirknowledgeandimprovetheirownunderstanding.Andastheyexplaintheinformationtoit,theyidentifyproblemsintheirownthinking.Feedbackfromtheteachableagentsfurtherenhancesthetutors'learning.Theagents'questionscompelstudenttutorstothinkandexplainthematerialsindifferentways,andwatchingtheagentsolveproblemsallowsthemtoseetheirknowledgeputintoaction.Aboveall,it'stheemotionsoneexperiencesinteachingthatfacilitatelearning.Studenttutorsfeelupsetwhentheirteachableagentsfail,buthappywhenthesevirtualpupilssucceedastheyderiveprideandsatisfactionfromsomeoneelse'saccomplishment.Whatareresearchersrediscoveringthroughtheirstudies?Seneca'sthinkingisstillapplicabletoday.C)Humanintelligencetendstogrowwithage.Betterlearnerswillbecomebetterteachers.D)Philosophicalthinkingimprovesinstruction.WhatdowelearnaboutBetty'sBrain?Itisacharacterinapopularanimation.C)Itisacutting-edgeappindigitalgames.Itisateachingtoolunderdevelopment.D)Itisatutorforcomputersciencestudents.Howdoesteachingothersbenefitstudenttutors?Itmakesthemawareofwhattheyarestrongat.Itmotivatesthemtotrynovelwaysofteaching.Ithelpsthemlearntheiracademicsubjectsbetter.Itenablesthemtobetterunderstandtheirteachers.Whatdostudentsdototeachtheirteachableagents?A)Theymotivatethemtothinkindependently.Theyaskthemtodesigntheirownquestions.Theyencouragethemtogivepromptfeedback.Theyusevariouswaystoexplainthematerials.Whatisthekeyfactorthateasesstudenttutors'learning?A)Theirsenseofresponsibility.C)Thelearningstrategyacquired.B)Theiremotionalinvolvement.D)Theteachingexperiencegained.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Anewbatchofyoungwomen-membersoftheso-calledMillennial(千禧的)generation-hasbeenenteringtheworkforceforthepastdecade.Atthestartinglineoftheircareers,theyarebettereducatedthantheirmothersandgrandmothershadbeen-orthantheiryoungmalecounterpartsarenow.Butwhentheylookahead,theyseeroadblockstotheirsuccess.Theybelievethatwomenarepaidlessthanmenfordoingthesamejob.Theythinkit'seasierformentogettopexecutivejobsthanitisforthem.Andtheyassumethatifandwhentheyhavechildren,itwillbeevenharderforthemtoadvanceintheircareers.Whilethepublicseesgreaterworkplaceequalitybetweenmenandwomennowthanitdid20-30yearsago,mostbelievemorechangeisneeded.AmongMillennialwomen,75%saythiscountryneedstocontinuemakingchangestoachievegenderequalityintheworkplace,comparedwith57%ofMillennialmen.Evenso,relativelyfewyoungwomen(15%)saytheyhavebeendiscriminatedagainstatworkbecauseoftheirgender.AsMillennialwomencomeofagetheysharemanyofthesameviewsandvaluesaboutworkastheirmalecounterparts.Theywantjobsthatprovidesecurityandflexibility,andtheyplacerelativelylittleimportanceonhighpay.Atthesametime,however,youngworkingwomenarelesslikelythanmentoaimattopmanagementjobs:34%saythey'renotinterestedinbecomingabossortopmanager;only24%ofyoungmensaythesame.Thegendergaponthisquestionisevenwideramongworkingadultsintheir30sand40s,whenmanywomenfacethetrade-offsthatgowithworkandmotherhood.ThesefindingsarebasedonanewPewResearchCentersurveyof2,002adults,including810Millennials(ages18-32),conductedOct.7-27,2013.Thesurveyfindsthat,inspiteofthedramaticgainswomenhavemadeineducationalattainmentandlaborforceparticipationinrecentdecades,youngwomevniewthisasaman'sworld-justasmiddle-agedandolderwomendo.WhatdowelearnfromthefirstparagraphaboutMillennialwomenstartingtheircareers?Theycangetaheadonlybystrivingharder.TheyexpecttosucceedjustlikeMillennialmen.Theyaregenerallyquiteoptimisticabouttheirfuture.Theyarebettereducatedthantheirmalecounterparts.HowdomostMillennialwomenfeelabouttheirtreatmentintheworkplace?Theyarethetargetofdiscrimination.C)Theythinkitneedsfurtherimproving.Theyfinditsatisfactoryonthewhole.D)Theyfindtheircomplaintsignored.WhatdoMillennialwomenvaluemostwhencomingofage?Asenseofaccomplishment.C)Rewardsandpromotions.Jobstabilityandflexibility.D)Joyderivedfromwork.Whatarewomenintheir30sand40sconcernedabout?Thewelfareoftheirchildren.C)Thefulfillmentoftheirdreamsinlife.Thenarrowingofthegendergap.D)Thebalancebetweenworkandfamily.WhatconclusioncanbedrawnaboutMillennialwomenfromthe2013survey?Theystillviewthisworldasonedominatedbymales.Theyaccountforhalftheworkforceinthejobmarket.Theyseetheworlddifferentlyfromoldergenerations.Theydobetterinworkthantheirmalecounterparts.PartWTranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.近年來，中國有越來越多的城市開始建設地鐵。發(fā)展地鐵有助于減少城市的交通擁堵和空氣污染。地鐵具有安全、快捷和舒適的優(yōu)點。越來越多的人選擇地鐵作為每天上班或上學的主要交通工具。如今，在中國乘坐地鐵正變得越來越方便。在有些城市里，乘客只需用卡或手機就可以乘坐地鐵。許多當?shù)乩夏晔忻襁€可以免費乘坐地鐵。2018年6月大學英語四級參考答案/r/