最新高中英語(yǔ)人教版必修二-Unit3-課文內(nèi)容

必修二Unit3課文內(nèi)容IdevelopedveryslowlyandittooknearlytwohundredyearsbeforeIwasbuiltasananalyticalmachinebyCharlesBabbage.本句是由并列連詞and連接的并列句。and后的句子中before引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句?！鱞efore引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句before引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)可以根據(jù)語(yǔ)境譯作“過了……〔時(shí)間〕才……〞，“還沒來得及……就……〞或“在……之前〞。Theywalkedabout30milesbeforetheysawavillage.Wehadn’trunamilebeforehefelttired.△before常用于以下句型中：=1\*GB2⑴Itwas+時(shí)間段+before...“過了……才……〞，從句常用一般過去時(shí)。=2\*GB2⑵Itwasnotlongbefore...“不久就……〞，從句常用一般過去時(shí)。=3\*GB2⑶Itwillnotbelongbefore...“不久就會(huì)……〞，從句常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。=4\*GB2⑷Itwillbe+時(shí)間段+before...“要過……才……〞，從句常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Itwasfivedaysbeforehecameback.Itwasnotlongbeforehesensedthedangeroftheposition.Itwillnotbelongbeforetheyunderstandeachother.Itwillbehalfayearbeforeyougraduatefromtheschool.練習(xí)：1.Itwasevening______wereachedthelittletownofWinchester.A.thatB.untilC.sinceD.before2.Scientistssayitmaybefiveorsixyears______itispossibletotestthismedicineonhumanpatients.A.sinceB.afterC.beforeD.when3.Someonecalledmeupinthemiddleofthenight,buttheyhungup______Icouldanswerthephone.A.asB.sinceC.untilD.before4.Hemadeamistake,butthenhecorrectedthesituation______itgotworse.A.untilB.whenC.beforeD.as5.Itwassometime_____werealizedthetruth.A.whenB.untilC.sinceD.before6.TheAmericanCivilWarlastedfouryears_____theNorthwonintheend.A.afterB.beforeC.whenD.then7.–Whydidn’tyoutellhimaboutthemeeting?–Herushedoutoftheroom_____Icouldsayaword.A.beforeB.untilC.whenD.after8.–Howlongdoyouthinkitwillbe______Chinasendsamannedspaceshiptothemoon?–Perhapstwoorthreeyears.A.whenB.untilC.thatD.beforeAnyhow,mygoalistoprovidehumanswithalifeofhighquality.本句為簡(jiǎn)單句。mygoal為主語(yǔ)；動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)toprovide...為表語(yǔ)；ofhighquality作定語(yǔ)，修飾alife.△“of+名詞〞結(jié)構(gòu)“of+名詞〞結(jié)構(gòu)可在句中作表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。該結(jié)構(gòu)可分為兩類：=1\*GB2⑴名詞有相應(yīng)的形容詞時(shí)，“of+名詞〞可轉(zhuǎn)化為相應(yīng)的形容詞。這類名詞有value,use,important,help,interest,benefit等。它們可用no,some,any,little,much,great等詞修飾。Theyareofgreathelp(=veryhelpful)toEnglishlearners.Infact,sportscanbeofgreatbenefit(=verybeneficial)toourhealth.=2\*GB2⑵名次沒有相應(yīng)的形容詞時(shí)，“of+名詞〞沒有相應(yīng)的形容詞形式。常見的名詞有age,size,color,weight,quality,height,price,opinion,shape,kind,way等，這些名詞前的限定詞常為a,an,thesame等。Mr.Smith,myteacher,isofthesameopinion.Weareofthesameage.Tomisofadifferentwayofthinking.練習(xí)：=1\*GB2⑴–ThisbookbyTonyGarrisionis______forourcourse.–ButIthinkhislatestoneisbetterworthreading.A.uselessB.ofnouseC.ofgreatuseD.greatuseful=2\*GB2⑵完成句子=1\*GB3①這項(xiàng)工程對(duì)每個(gè)人都大有好處。Thisprojectis______________________________(benefit)toeveryone.=2\*GB3②同時(shí)，性別差異的主題也很有趣。Also,thetopicofsexdifferencesis____________________________(interest).=3\*GB3③在這個(gè)地區(qū)，我們學(xué)校的教學(xué)質(zhì)量是最好的。Ourschooleducationis________________________(quality)inthisarea.AstimesentbyIdidresearchintohowtomakemyradio.本句中astimesentby為as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，howtomakemyradio作介詞into的賓語(yǔ)?！鱝s引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句=1\*GB2⑴as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“隨著，當(dāng)……〞，強(qiáng)調(diào)主從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。Asshotsrang,peoplecouldbeseenrunningoutofthebuilding.=2\*GB2⑵as引導(dǎo)比擬狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“像……一樣〞。HeisasoldasI(am).=3\*GB2⑶as引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“照……的方式〞。WheninRome,doastheRomansdo.=4\*GB2⑷as引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)，意為“因?yàn)?，由于〞。〞Asshehasnocar,shecan’tgetthereeasily.=5\*GB2⑸as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“盡管，雖然〞，此時(shí)從句需用局部倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。Happyas/thoughtheywere,therewassomethingmissing.Childas/thoughheis,heknowsalot.練習(xí)：=1\*GB2⑴Stupid______itsounds,IwassoinlovewithherthatIbelievedher.A.althoughB.asC.whileD.when=2\*GB2⑵Lessonscanbelearnedtofacethefuture,_______historycannotbechanged.A.thoughB.asC.sinceD.unless=3\*GB2⑶完成句子=1\*GB3①我們最好快一點(diǎn)，因?yàn)樘炀鸵诹?。Wehadbetterhurry,_________________________________________.=2\*GB3②盡管她已經(jīng)很累了，但她想睡覺是沒有指望的。___________________________________,therewasnohopeofherbeingabletosleep.=3\*GB3③詳細(xì)的調(diào)查顯示多達(dá)50%的病人沒有遵照指示服藥。Carefulsurveyshaveindicatedthatasmanyas50%ofpatientsdonottakedrugs____________________________.(direct)Sheprogramsuswithallthepossiblemovesshehasseenwhilewatchinghumangames.本句為主從復(fù)合句。shehasseenwhilewatchinghumangames是省略了關(guān)系代詞that的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞moves；該定語(yǔ)從句中的whilewatchinghumangames為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的省略形式，完整形式應(yīng)為whileshewaswatchinghumangames.△狀語(yǔ)從句的省略省略現(xiàn)象一般出現(xiàn)在以下五種狀語(yǔ)從句中：=1\*GB3①由when,while,as,before,after,till,until,once等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句；=2\*GB3②由whether,if,unless等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句；=3\*GB3③由though,although,evenif,whatever等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句；=4\*GB3④由as,than等引導(dǎo)的比擬狀語(yǔ)從句；=5\*GB3⑤由as,asif,asthough等引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句。遵循以下原那么：=1\*GB2⑴當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)一致且從句中含有be動(dòng)詞的某種形式時(shí)，可以省略狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞。這時(shí)從句中可出現(xiàn)如下結(jié)構(gòu)：=1\*GB3①連詞+名詞/形容詞/介詞短語(yǔ)While(hewas)ayoungboy,hewasalwaysreadytohelpothers.Workhardwhen(youare)young,oryou’llregret.When/While(Iwas)onmywaytowork,Imether.=2\*GB3②連詞+現(xiàn)在分詞〔現(xiàn)在分詞與主句主語(yǔ)為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，且現(xiàn)在分詞表示的動(dòng)作與主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生〕While(Iwas)waiting,Iwasreadingsomemagazines.=3\*GB3③連詞+過去分詞〔過去分詞與主句主語(yǔ)為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系〕When(itis)heated,icecanbechangedintowater.=4\*GB3④連詞+不定式〔構(gòu)成不定式的動(dòng)詞與主句主語(yǔ)為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，且不定式表示的動(dòng)作即將發(fā)生〕Hestoodupasif(hewas)tosaysomething.=2\*GB2⑵當(dāng)從句的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)不一致，但從句主語(yǔ)是it時(shí)，從句又含有be動(dòng)詞的某種形式時(shí)，可以把it和be動(dòng)詞一同省略。If(itis)necessary,I’llcometomorrow.練習(xí)：=1\*GB2⑴Theclimatehereisquitepleasant,thetemperaturerarely,______,reaching30℃insummer.A.ifnotB.ifeverC.ifanyD.ifso=2\*GB2⑵用括號(hào)內(nèi)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空=1\*GB3①While________(visit)thecity,theyreceivedawarmwelcome=2\*GB3②Once________(begin),itmustbedonewell.=3\*GB3③When________(ask)toanswerquestions,youshouldstandup.=4\*GB3④Heoftenmakesmistakeswhen________(speak)English.=5\*GB3⑤Unless________(repair),themachineisofnouse.=6\*GB3⑥Shestoodatthegateasif________(wait)forsomeone.=3\*GB2⑶完成句子：=1\*GB3①He’llgototheseasideforhisholidayif______________possible.=2\*GB3②Heopenedthebox,asif__________________insearchofsomethingimportant.Afterall,withthehelpofmyelectronicbrainwhichneverforgetsanything,usingmyintelligenceiswhatI’mallabout!本句是主從復(fù)合句，介詞短語(yǔ)withthehelpof...中含有which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為brain；usingmyintelligenceiswhatI’mallabout是句子的主干局部，其中動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)usingmyintelligence作主語(yǔ)，whatI’mallabout是what引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句?！鲃?dòng)名詞〔短語(yǔ)〕做主語(yǔ)=1\*GB2⑴單個(gè)的動(dòng)名詞〔短語(yǔ)〕做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式，一般來說，動(dòng)名詞〔短語(yǔ)〕做主語(yǔ)表示習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作。Talkingisanart.LearningEnglishwellisnoteasy.=2\*GB3②動(dòng)名詞〔短語(yǔ)〕作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常用it作形式主語(yǔ)，而將真正的主語(yǔ)放到句子的末尾。此類的常用句型有：nouse/gooddoingsth.做某事沒用Itis+uselessdoingsth.做某事沒用Itis+worthwhile/worthdoingsth.做某事是值得的Itisnousewaitinghere.Itisnogood/usecomplaining.It’sworthwhilehelpingothers.△=1\*GB2⑴important,necessary,possible,impossible,essential等形容詞用于形式主語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)中，用動(dòng)詞不定式充當(dāng)真正主語(yǔ)。It’simportanttolearnforeignlanguages.=2\*GB2⑵動(dòng)名詞與動(dòng)詞不定式都可以做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。動(dòng)名詞通常表示習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的行為；動(dòng)詞不定式那么往往表示具體的一次性的動(dòng)作。Ilikeswimming,butIdon’tliketoswimthisafternoon.練習(xí)：=1\*GB2⑴用括號(hào)內(nèi)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空=1\*GB3①________(say)iseasierthan____________.=2\*GB3②It’snouse________(cry)overthesplitmilk.=3\*GB3③It’snecessary________(keep)theroomclean.=4\*GB3④________(finish)thetaskinsuchashorttimeishardforme.=2\*GB2⑵________yourownneedsandstylesofcommunicationisasimportantaslearningtoconveyyouraffectionandemotions.UnderstandingTobeunderstoodBeingunderstoodHavingunderstood現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的形式現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的根本構(gòu)成是：have/hasbeendone。但在不同的句式中，其具體形式也有所不同。=1\*GB2⑴肯定句形式主語(yǔ)+have/hasbeendone+其他ThebridgeovertheYellowRiverhasjustbeencompleted.Thechickenhasbeenstewedfortwohours.=2\*GB2⑵否認(rèn)句形式主語(yǔ)+have/hasnotbeendone+其他Theyhaven’tbeentoldtheexcitingnewyet,havethey?Thesecond-handcarhasnotbeensold.=3\*GB2⑶一般疑問句形式Have/Has+主語(yǔ)+beendone+其他–Hasherworkbeenfinished?–Yes,ithas.=4\*GB2⑷特殊疑問句形式特殊疑問詞+have/has+主語(yǔ)+beendone+其他Howlonghasthemachinebeenused?現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)用法=1\*GB2⑴表示被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作在說話之前已經(jīng)完成，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果，通常與already,yet,never,recently等副詞及時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)sofar,bynow,uptillnow,since等連用。Theroomhasalreadybeencleaned.(現(xiàn)在已不用清掃房間)Thedoctorhasn’tbeensentforyet.〔現(xiàn)在應(yīng)派人去請(qǐng)醫(yī)生〕真題：=1\*GB3①Despitethepreviousroundsoftalks,noagreement__________sofarbythetwosides.A.hasbeenreachedB.wasreachedC.willreachD.willhavereached=2\*GB3②Shakespeare’splayHamlet__________intoatleasttendifferentfilmsoverthepastyears.A.hadbeenmadeB.wasmadeC.hasbeenmadeD.wouldbemade=3\*GB3③EveryyearafloodoffarmersarriveinShenzhenforthemoney-makingjobsthey_________beforeleavingtheirhometowns.A.promisedB.werepromisedC.havepromisedD.havebeenpromised=2\*GB2⑵表示一個(gè)被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從過去開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并可能持續(xù)下去，常與for或since等引出的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)〔從句〕連用，或用于howlong引出的句子中。Themachinehasbeenrepairedfortwohours.Howlonghastheprojectbeencarriedout?=3\*GB2⑶用在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，表示將來某時(shí)已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。We’llstartassoonastheworkhasbeenfinished.真題：Wewon’tstarttheworkuntilallthepreparations_________.A.arebeingmadeB.willbemadeC.havebeenmadeD.hadbeenmade從句中的動(dòng)作假設(shè)要表示比謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生，遵循以下原那么：主句：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)/一般將來時(shí)從句：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)主句：一般過去時(shí)從句：過去完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的考前須知=1\*GB2⑴現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩個(gè)助動(dòng)詞，即have/has和been，缺一不可。=2\*GB2⑵現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的區(qū)別：一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示一個(gè)被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間，其結(jié)果對(duì)現(xiàn)在沒有影響；而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)側(cè)重于表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)盡管發(fā)生在過去，但該動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成了影響〔或產(chǎn)生了結(jié)果〕。Thebigfirewasputouttwohoursago.Thebigfirehasbeenputout.真題：=1\*GB3①Ihadastrongdesiretoreachinandplaywiththetoy,but______thankfullybytheshopwindow.A.amheldbackB.heldbackC.holdbackD.washeldback=2\*GB3②–Didyouenjoytheparty?–Yes,we________wellbyourhosts.A.weretreatedB.wouldbetreatedC.treatedD.hadtreated=3\*GB3③Thediamondmine________accidentallybyalittleboywhenhewasplayinghide-and-seek.A.discoveredB.wasdiscoveredC.hasbeendiscoveredD.woulddiscovered=3\*GB2⑶finish,buy,start,begin,return,borrow,join,open等非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。這個(gè)工程開始多久了？【誤】Howlonghasthisprojectbeenstarted?【正】Howlongagowasthisprojectstarted?=4\*GB2⑷只帶有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，講主動(dòng)句的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的主語(yǔ)，例如：主動(dòng)：Wehavebuiltmanybridgesinthepasttenyears.被動(dòng)：Manybridgeshavebeenbuilt(byus)inthepasttenyears.=5\*GB2⑸帶有雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞，如：give,send,bring,take,teach,show,tell,make,sing,write,sell,buy,ask,pay,lend,offer,hand,pass,get,promise等，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，可將其中一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，另一個(gè)保持不變，但要注意間接賓語(yǔ)與介詞的搭配。主動(dòng)：Hehassentmeane-mail.被動(dòng)：Ihavebeensentane-mail.被動(dòng)：Ane-mailhasbeensenttome.=6\*GB2⑹短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一個(gè)不可分割的整體，在被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中要保持其完整性，不可省略短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中的介詞或副詞。Itissaidthattheproblemhasbeenlookedinto.練習(xí)：I．將主動(dòng)句變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句或被動(dòng)句變?yōu)橹鲃?dòng)句1.MyfatherhasrepairedtheTVset._____________________________________________________________________2.Theteacherhasborrowedthebooks._____________________________________________________________________3.Theyhaveaskedhimsomequestions._____________________________________________________________________4.Thecakehasbeeneatenbyhim._____________________________________________________________________5.Thehousehasbeensetfiretobyhim._____________________________________________________________________II.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Alotofsurvivors________(rescue)bythesoldiersinthatareawheretheearthquakehappenedsinceyesterday.2.Thetopic________(talk)aboutforalongtimeontheInternet.3.–Whynotgointothereadingroom?–Thedoor________(lock).4.________yournewnovel________(translated)intoEnglishrecently?