電力電子專業(yè)英語(yǔ)單詞匯總

電力電子專業(yè)英語(yǔ)單詞匯總電路的根本看法與定律##定理Norton’stheorem電源source開路〔斷路〕opencircuit電壓源voltagesource短路shortcircuit電流源currentsource開路電壓open-circuitvoltage理想電壓源idealvoltagesource短路電流short-circuitcurrent理想電流源idealcurrentsource交流電路直流電路directcurrentcircuit(dc)伏安特點(diǎn)volt-amperecharacteristic交流電路alternatingcurrentcircuit(ac)電動(dòng)勢(shì)electromotiveforce正弦交流電路sinusoidala-ccircuit電壓voltage平均值averagevalue電流current有效值effectivevalue電位potential均方根值root-mean-squirevalue(rms)電位差potentialdifference瞬市價(jià)instantaneousvalue歐姆Ohm電抗reactance伏特Volt感抗inductivereactance安培Ampere容抗capacitivereactance瓦特Watt法拉Farad焦耳Joule亨利Henry電路circuit阻抗impedance電路元件circuitelement復(fù)數(shù)阻抗pleximpedance電阻resistance相位phase電阻器resistor初相位initialphase電感inductance相位差phasedifference電感器inductor相位當(dāng)先phaselead電容capacitance相位落后phaselag電容器capacitor倒相，反相phaseinversion電路模型circuitmodel頻率frequency參照方向referencedirection角頻率angularfrequency參照電位referencepotential赫茲Hertz歐姆定律Ohm’slaw相量phasor基爾霍夫定律Kirchhoff’slaw相量圖phasordiagram基爾霍夫電壓定律Kirchhoff’svoltagelaw〔KVL〕有功功率activepower基爾霍夫電流定律Kirchhoff’scurrentlaw〔KCL〕無(wú)功功率reactivepower結(jié)點(diǎn)node視在功率apparentpower支路branch功率因數(shù)powerfactor回路loop功率因數(shù)補(bǔ)償power-factorpensation網(wǎng)孔mesh串通諧振seriesresonance支路電流法branchcurrentanalysis并聯(lián)諧振parallelresonance網(wǎng)孔電流法meshcurrentanalysis諧振頻率resonancefrequency結(jié)點(diǎn)電位法nodevoltageanalysis頻率特點(diǎn)frequencycharacteristic電源變換sourcetransformations幅頻特點(diǎn)amplitude-frequencyresponse疊加原理superpositiontheoremcharacteristic網(wǎng)絡(luò)network相頻特點(diǎn)phase-frequencyresponsecharacteristic無(wú)源二端網(wǎng)絡(luò)passivetwo-terminalnetwork截止頻率cutofffrequency有源二端網(wǎng)絡(luò)activetwo-terminalnetwork質(zhì)量因數(shù)qualityfactor戴維寧定理Thevenin’stheorem通頻帶pass-bandDOC.帶寬bandwidth(BW)濾波器filter一階濾波器first-orderfilter二階濾波器second-orderfilter低通濾波器low-passfilter高通濾波器high-passfilter帶通濾波器band-passfilter帶阻濾波器band-stopfilter轉(zhuǎn)移函數(shù)transferfunction波特圖Bodediagram傅立葉級(jí)數(shù)Fourierseries三相電路three-phasecircuit三相電源three-phasesource對(duì)稱三相電源symmetricalthree-phasesource對(duì)稱三相負(fù)載symmetricalthree-phaseload相電壓phasevoltage相電流phasecurrent線電壓linevoltage線電流linecurrent三相三線制three-phasethree-wiresystem三相四線制three-phasefour-wiresystem三相功率three-phasepower星形連接starconnection(Y-connection)三角形連接triangularconnection(D-connection,deltaconnection)中線neutralline電路的暫態(tài)過(guò)程解析暫態(tài)transientstate穩(wěn)態(tài)steadystate暫態(tài)過(guò)程，暫態(tài)響應(yīng)transientresponse換路定理lowofswitch一階電路first-ordercircuit三要素法three-factormethod時(shí)間常數(shù)timeconstant積分電路integratingcircuit微分電路differentiatingcircuit磁路與變壓器磁場(chǎng)magneticfield磁通flux磁路magneticcircuit磁感覺強(qiáng)度f(wàn)luxdensity磁通勢(shì)magnetomotiveforce磁阻reluctance電動(dòng)機(jī)直流電動(dòng)機(jī)dcmotor交流電動(dòng)機(jī)acmotor異步電動(dòng)機(jī)asynchronousmotor同步電動(dòng)機(jī)synchronousmotor三相異步電動(dòng)機(jī)three-phaseasynchronousmotor單相異步電動(dòng)機(jī)single-phaseasynchronousmotor

旋轉(zhuǎn)磁場(chǎng)rotatingmagneticfield定子stator轉(zhuǎn)子rotor轉(zhuǎn)差率slip起動(dòng)電流startingcurrent起動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)矩startingtorque額定電壓ratedvoltage額定電流ratedcurrent額定功率ratedpower機(jī)械特點(diǎn)mechanicalcharacteristic繼電器-接觸器控制按鈕button熔斷器fuse開關(guān)switch行程開關(guān)travelswitch繼電器relay接觸器contactor常開(動(dòng)合)觸點(diǎn)normallyopencontact常閉(動(dòng)斷)觸點(diǎn)normallyclosedcontact時(shí)間繼電器timerelay熱繼電器thermaloverloadrelay中間繼電器intermediaterelay可編程控制器〔PLC〕可編程控制器programmablelogiccontroller語(yǔ)句表statementlist梯形圖ladderdiagram半導(dǎo)體器件本征半導(dǎo)體intrinsicsemiconductor混淆半導(dǎo)體dopedsemiconductorP型半導(dǎo)體P-typesemiconductorN型半導(dǎo)體N--typesemiconductor自由電子freeelectron空穴hole載流子carriersPN結(jié)PNjunction擴(kuò)散diffusion漂移drift二極管diode硅二極管silicondiode鍺二極管germaniumdiode陽(yáng)極anode陰極cathode發(fā)光二極管light-emittingdiode(LED)光電二極管photodiode穩(wěn)壓二極管Zenerdiode晶體管〔三極管〕transistorPNP型晶體管PNPtransistorNPN型晶體管NPNtransistor發(fā)射極emitterDOC.集電極collector直接耦合放大器direct-coupledamplifier基極base輸入電阻inputresistance電流放大系數(shù)currentamplificationcoefficient輸出電阻outputresistance場(chǎng)效應(yīng)管field-effecttransistor(FET)負(fù)載電阻loadresistanceP溝道p-channel動(dòng)向電阻dynamicresistanceN溝道n-channel負(fù)載電流loadcurrent結(jié)型場(chǎng)效應(yīng)管junctionFET〔JFET〕旁路電容bypasscapacitor金屬氧化物半導(dǎo)體metal-oxidesemiconductor(MOS)耦合電容coupledcapacitor耗盡型MOS場(chǎng)效應(yīng)管depletionmodeMOSFET直流通路directcurrentpath〔D-MOSFET〕交流通路alternatingcurrentpath增強(qiáng)型MOS場(chǎng)效應(yīng)管enhancementmodeMOSFET直流重量directcurrentponent〔E-MOSFET〕交流重量alternatingcurrentponent源極source變阻器〔電位器〕rheostat柵極grid電阻〔器〕resistor漏極drain電阻〔值〕resistance跨導(dǎo)transconductance電容〔器〕capacitor夾斷電壓pinch-offvoltage電容〔量〕capacitance熱敏電阻thermistor電感〔器，線圈〕inductor開路open電感〔量〕，感覺系數(shù)inductance短路shorted正弦電壓sinusoidalvoltage根本放大器放大器amplifier集成運(yùn)算放大器與應(yīng)用差動(dòng)放大器differential正向偏置forwardbiasamplifier反向偏置backwardbias運(yùn)算放大器operationalamplifier(op-amp)靜態(tài)工作點(diǎn)quiescentpoint(Q-point)失調(diào)電壓offsetvoltage等效電路equivalentcircuit失調(diào)電流offsetcurrent電壓放大倍數(shù)voltagegain共模信號(hào)mon-modesignal總的電壓放大倍數(shù)overallvoltagegain差模信號(hào)different-modesignal飽和saturation共?？刂票萴on-moderejectionratio(CMRR)截止cut-off積分電路integrator〔circuit〕放大區(qū)amplifierregion微分電路differentiator〔circuit〕飽和區(qū)saturationregion有源濾波器activefilter截止區(qū)cut-offregion低通濾波器low-passfilter失真distortion高通濾波器high-passfilter飽和失真saturationdistortion帶通濾波器band-passfilter截止失真cut-offdistortion帶阻濾波器band-stopfilter零點(diǎn)漂移zerodrift波特沃斯濾波器Butterworthfilter正反應(yīng)positivefeedback切比雪夫?yàn)V波器Chebyshevfilter負(fù)反應(yīng)negativefeedback貝塞爾濾波器Besselfilter串通負(fù)反應(yīng)seriesnegativefeedback截止頻率cut-offfrequency并聯(lián)負(fù)反應(yīng)parallelnegativefeedback上限截止頻率uppercut-offfrequency共射極放大器mon-emitteramplifier下限截止頻率lowercut-offfrequency射極隨從器emitter-follower中心頻率centerfrequency共源極放大器mon-sourceamplifier帶寬Bandwidth共漏極放大器mon-drainamplifier開環(huán)增益open-loopgain多級(jí)放大器multistageamplifier閉環(huán)增益closed-loopgain阻容耦合放大器resistance-capacitancecoupled共模增益mon-modegainamplifier輸入阻抗inputimpedanceDOC.電壓隨從器voltage-follower開關(guān)型穩(wěn)壓電源switching(voltage)regulator電壓源voltagesource集成穩(wěn)壓器IC(voltage)regulator電流源currentsource晶閘管與可控整流電路晶閘管thyristor單位增益帶寬unity-gainbandwidth單結(jié)晶體管unijunctiontransistor〔UJT〕頻率響應(yīng)frequencyresponse可控整流controlledrectifier頻響特點(diǎn)〔曲線〕responsecharacteristic可控硅silicon-controlledrectifier波特圖theBodeplot峰點(diǎn)peakpoint牢固性stability谷點(diǎn)valleypoint補(bǔ)償pensation控制角controllingangle比較器parator導(dǎo)通角turn-onangle遲滯比較器hysteresisparator門電路與邏輯代數(shù)二進(jìn)制binary階躍輸入電壓stepinputvoltage二進(jìn)制數(shù)binarynumber儀表放大器instrumentationamplifier十進(jìn)制decimal隔斷放大器isolationamplifier十六進(jìn)制hexadecimal對(duì)數(shù)放大器logamplifier二-十進(jìn)制binarycodeddecimal〔BCD〕反對(duì)數(shù)放大器antilogamplifier門電路gate反應(yīng)通道feedbackpath三態(tài)門tri-stategate反向漏電流reverseleakagecurrent與門ANDgate相位phase或門ORgate相移phaseshift非門NOTgate鎖相環(huán)phase-lockedloop(PLL)與非門NANDgate鎖相環(huán)相位監(jiān)測(cè)器PLLphasedetector或非門NORgate和頻sumfrequency異或門exclusive-ORgate差頻differencefrequency反相器inverter波形發(fā)生電路振蕩器oscillator布爾代數(shù)BooleanalgebraRC振蕩器RCoscillator真值表truthtableLC振蕩器LCoscillator卡諾圖theKarnaughmap正弦波振蕩器sinusoidaloscillator邏輯函數(shù)logicfunction三角波發(fā)生器triangularwavegenerator邏輯表達(dá)式logicexpression方波發(fā)生器squarewavegenerator組合邏輯電路binationlogiccircuit幅度magnitude譯碼器decoder電平level編碼器coder飽和輸出電平〔電壓〕saturatedoutputlevel比較器parator功率放大器poweramplifier半加器half-adder交越失真cross-overdistortion全加器full-adder甲類功率放大器classApoweramplifier七段顯示器seven-segmentdisplay乙類推挽功率放大器classBpush-pullpower時(shí)序邏輯電路sequentiallogiccircuitamplifierR-S觸發(fā)器R-Sflip-flopOTL功率放大器outputtransformerlesspowerD觸發(fā)器Dflip-flopamplifierJ-K觸發(fā)器J-Kflip-flopOCL功率放大器outputcapacitorlesspower主從型觸發(fā)器master-slaveflip-flopamplifier置位set直流穩(wěn)壓電源半波整流full-waverectifier復(fù)位reset全波整流half-waverectifier直接置位端direct-setterminal電感濾波器inductorfilter直接復(fù)位端direct-resetterminal電容濾波器capacitorfilter存放器register串通型穩(wěn)壓電源series(voltage)regulator移位存放器shiftregisterDOC.式。大多數(shù)辦理器相關(guān)的功能必定用匯編語(yǔ)言編寫。ADIMM〔advancedDualIn-lineMemoryModules雙向移位存放器bidirectionalshiftregister計(jì)數(shù)器counter同步計(jì)數(shù)器synchronouscounter異步計(jì)數(shù)器asynchronouscounter加法計(jì)數(shù)器addingcounter減法計(jì)數(shù)器subtractingcounter準(zhǔn)時(shí)器timer去除〔清0〕clear載入load時(shí)鐘脈沖clockpulse觸發(fā)脈沖triggerpulse上升沿positiveedge下降沿negativeedge時(shí)序圖timingdiagram波形圖waveform單穩(wěn)態(tài)觸發(fā)器monostableflip-flop雙穩(wěn)態(tài)觸發(fā)器bistableflip-flop無(wú)穩(wěn)態(tài)振蕩器astableoscillator晶體crystal555準(zhǔn)時(shí)器555timer模擬信號(hào)analogsignal數(shù)字信號(hào)digitalsignalAD變換器analog-digitalconverter(ADC)DA變換器digital-analogconverter(DAC)半導(dǎo)體儲(chǔ)藏器只讀儲(chǔ)藏器read-onlymemory〔ROM〕隨機(jī)存取儲(chǔ)藏器random-accessmemory〔RAM〕可編程ROMprogrammableROM〔PROM〕常有英文縮寫講解〔按字母次序排列〕：ASIC:ApplicationSpecificIntegratedCircuit.專用ICCPLD:plexProgrammableLogicDevice.復(fù)雜可編程邏輯器件EDA:ElectronicDesign

定制設(shè)計(jì)的硬件。addressbus〔地址總線〕：Asetofelectricallinesconnectedtotheprocessorandalloftheperiphealswithwhichitmunicates.Theaddressbusisusedbytheprocessortoselectaspecificmemorylocationorregisterwithinaparticularperipheral.Iftheaddressbuscontainsnelectricallines,theprocessorcanuniquelyaddressupto2^nsuchlocations.一個(gè)連接辦理器與所有外設(shè)的，用來(lái)通訊的電子線路集。地址總線被辦理器用來(lái)選擇在特定外設(shè)中的儲(chǔ)藏器地址或存放器。如果地址總線有n條電子線路，辦理器能唯一尋址高達(dá)2^n的地址空間。applicationsoftware〔應(yīng)用軟件〕Describessoftwaremodulesspecifictoaparticularembeddedproject.Theapplicationsoftwareisunlikelytobereusableacrossembeddedplatforms,simplybecauseeachembeddedsystemhasadifferentapplication.用來(lái)描述一個(gè)特定的嵌入式項(xiàng)目中的某一軟件模塊。應(yīng)用軟件不象可重用的交織嵌入式平臺(tái)，可是因?yàn)槊恳粋€(gè)嵌入式系統(tǒng)有不相同的應(yīng)用軟件。assembler〔匯編編譯器〕Asoftwaredevelopmenttoolthattranslateshuman-readableassemblylanguageprogramsintomachine-languageinstructionsthattheprocessorcanunderstandandexecute.一個(gè)能把人可讀的匯編語(yǔ)言程序變換到辦理器可理解和運(yùn)行的機(jī)器指令的軟件開發(fā)工具。assemblylanguage〔匯編語(yǔ)言〕Ahuman-readableformofaprocessor"sinstructionset.Mostprocessor-specificfunctionsmustbewritteninassemblylanguage.一種人可讀的辦理器指令集的形Automation.電子設(shè)計(jì)自動(dòng)化FPGA:Field，高ProgrammableGateArray.現(xiàn)場(chǎng)可編程門陣列級(jí)雙重內(nèi)嵌式內(nèi)存模塊〕AMR〔Audio／ModemRiser；GAL:GenericArrayLogic.通用陣列邏音效／調(diào)制解調(diào)器主機(jī)板附加直立插卡〕AHA輯HDL:HardwareDescriptionLanguage.硬件〔AcceleratedHubArchitecture，加速中心架構(gòu)〕ASK描述語(yǔ)言IP:IntelligentProperty.智能IR〔AmplitudeShiftKeyedInfra-Red，長(zhǎng)波形可移模塊PAL:ProgrammableArrayLogic.可編程陣動(dòng)輸入紅外線〕ATX:ATExtend〔擴(kuò)展型AT〕BIOS列邏輯RTL:RegisterTransferLevel.存放器〔BasicInput/OutputSystem，根本輸入/輸出系統(tǒng)〕傳輸級(jí)描述〕SOC:SystemOnaChip.片CSE〔ConfigurationSpaceEnable，可分配空間〕DB:上系統(tǒng)SLIC:SystemLevelIC.系統(tǒng)DeviceBay，設(shè)備插架DMI〔DesktopManagement級(jí)ICVHDL:VeryhighspeedintegratedcircuitInterface，桌面管理接口〕EB〔ExpansionBus，擴(kuò)HardwareDescriptionLanguage.超高速集成電路展總線〕EISA〔EnhancedIndustryStandard硬件描述語(yǔ)言。Architecture，增強(qiáng)形工業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)架構(gòu)〕EMIASIC〔專用集成電路〕：Application-Specific〔ElectromagneticInterference，電磁攪亂〕ESCDIntegratedCircuit.Apieceofcustom-designed〔ExtendedSystemConfigurationData，可擴(kuò)展系統(tǒng)hardwareinachip.專用集成電路。一個(gè)在一個(gè)芯片上配置數(shù)據(jù)〕FBC〔FrameBufferCache，幀緩沖緩存〕DOC.FireWire〔火線，即IEEE1394標(biāo)準(zhǔn)〕FSB:FrontSide換式電壓調(diào)治〕USB〔UniversalSerialBus，通用串Bus，前置總線，即外面總線FWH〔FirmwareHub，固行總線〕USDM〔UnifiedSystemDiagnosticManager，件中心〕GMCH〔Graphics&MemoryControllerHub，一致系統(tǒng)監(jiān)測(cè)管理器〕VID〔VoltageIdentification圖形和內(nèi)存控制中心〕GPIs〔GeneralPurposeInputs，Definition，電壓鑒別認(rèn)證〕VRM〔VoltageRegulator一般操作輸入〕ICH〔Input/OutputControllerHub，Module，電壓調(diào)整模塊〕ZIF:ZeroInsertionForce,輸入/輸出控制中心〕IR〔infraredray，紅外線〕IrDA零插力〔infraredray，紅外線通訊接口可進(jìn)展局域網(wǎng)存取和主板技術(shù)GigabyteACOPS:AutomaticCPUOverHeat文件共享〕ISA:IndustryStandardArchitecture，PreventionSystem〔CPU過(guò)熱預(yù)防系統(tǒng)〕SIV:System工業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)架構(gòu)ISA〔instructionsetarchitecture，InformationViewer〔系統(tǒng)信息觀察〕工業(yè)設(shè)置架構(gòu)〕MDC〔MobileDaughterCard，搬動(dòng)式磐英ESDJ〔EasySettingDualJumper，簡(jiǎn)化CPU雙子卡〕MRH-R〔MemoryRepeaterHub，內(nèi)存數(shù)據(jù)辦理重跳線法〕中心〕MRH-S〔SDRAMRepeaterHub，SDRAM數(shù)據(jù)辦理浩鑫UPT〔USB、PANEL、LINK、TV-OUT四重接口〕中心〕MTH〔MemoryTransferHub，內(nèi)存變換中心〕NGIO芯片組ACPI〔AdvancedConfigurationandPower〔NextGenerationInput/Output，新一代輸入/輸出Interface，先進(jìn)設(shè)置和電源管理〕AGP〔Accelerated標(biāo)準(zhǔn)〕P64H〔64-bitPCIControllerHub，64位PCIGraphicsPort，圖形加速接口〕I/O〔Input/Output，控制中心〕PCB〔printedcircuitboard，印刷電路輸入/輸出〕MIOC:MemoryandI/OBridgeController，板〕PCBA〔PrintedCircuitBoardAssembly，印刷內(nèi)存和I/O橋控制器NBC:NorthBridgeChip〔北橋電路板裝置〕PCI:PeripheralponentInterconnect，芯片〕PIIX:PCIISA/IDEAccelerator〔加速器〕PSE36:互連外面設(shè)備PCISIG〔PeripheralponentPageSizeExtension36－bit，36位頁(yè)面尺寸擴(kuò)展模InterconnectSpecialInterestGroup，互連外面設(shè)式PXB:PCIExpanderBridge，PCI增強(qiáng)橋RCG:備專業(yè)組〕POST〔PowerOnSelfTest,加電自測(cè)試〕RAS/CASGenerator，RAS/CAS發(fā)生器SBC:SouthBridgeRNG〔RandomnumberGenerator，隨機(jī)數(shù)字發(fā)生器〕RTC:Chip〔南橋芯片〕SMB:SystemManagementBus〔全RealTimeClock〔實(shí)時(shí)時(shí)鐘〕KBC〔KeyBroadControl，系統(tǒng)管理總線〕SPD〔SerialPresenceDetect，內(nèi)存鍵盤控制器〕SAP〔SidebandAddressPort，邊帶尋內(nèi)部序號(hào)檢測(cè)裝置〕SSB:SuperSouthBridge，超級(jí)址端口〕SBA〔SideBandAddressing，邊帶尋址〕SMA:南橋芯片TDP:TritonDataPath〔數(shù)據(jù)路徑〕TSC:ShareMemoryArchitecture，共享內(nèi)存結(jié)構(gòu)STDTritonSystemController〔系統(tǒng)控制器〕QPA:Quad〔SuspendToDisk，磁盤喚醒〕STR〔SuspendToRAM，PortAcceleration〔四接口加速〕內(nèi)存喚醒〕SVR:SwitchingVoltageRegulator〔交BBSP〔板卡支持包〕Seeboardsupportpackage.見boardsupportpackage。binarysemaphore(二元信號(hào))Atypeofsemaphorewithjusttwostates.Alsocalledamutex.一種只有兩種狀態(tài)的信號(hào)。也叫互斥信號(hào)。boardsupportpackage〔板卡支持包〕Partofasoftwarepackagethatisprocessororplatform-dependent.Typically,samplesourcecodefortheboardsupportpackageisprovidedbythepackagedeveloper.Thesamplecodemustbemodifiedasnecessary,piled,andlinkedwiththeremainderofthesoftwarepackage.軟件包的擁有平臺(tái)依賴性的那一局部。典型地，板卡支持包的樣例源程序由包開發(fā)者供應(yīng)。樣例源程序必定能在需要時(shí)被更正、編譯并與軟件包的剩下的局部連接起來(lái)。bond-outprocessor〔外合辦理器〕Aspecialversionofaprocessorthathassomeoftheinternalsignalsbroughtouttoexternalpins.Abond-outprocessorismostoftenfoundwithinanemulatorandisneverintendedtobeusedinaproductionsystem.一種特別版本的辦理器，它有一些，內(nèi)部的信號(hào)能傳達(dá)到外置的針腳上。一個(gè)外合辦理器絕大多數(shù)情況下只用在模擬器上，向來(lái)不會(huì)被專門用在產(chǎn)品系統(tǒng)上。Breakpoint〔斷點(diǎn)〕Alocationinaprogramatwhichexecutionistobestoppedandcontroloftheprocessorswitchedtothedebugger.Mechanismsforcreatingandremovingbreakpointsareprovidedbymostdebuggingtools.一個(gè)在程序中的地址，在那處程序的執(zhí)行被停止，并且辦理器的控制變換到了除錯(cuò)程序。大多數(shù)除錯(cuò)工具提供增加與刪除一個(gè)斷點(diǎn)的體系。2CISC〔復(fù)雜指令集計(jì)算機(jī)〕plexInstructionSetputer.Describesthearchitectureofaprocessorfamily.CISCprocessorsgenerallyfeaturevariable-lengthinstructions,multipleaddressingformats,andcontainonlyasmallnumberofgeneral-purposeregisters.Intel"s80x86familyisthequintessentialexampleofCISC.ContrastwithRISC.復(fù)雜指令集計(jì)算機(jī)。對(duì)一種辦理DOC.器架構(gòu)的描述。CISC辦理器一般產(chǎn)生變長(zhǎng)的指令，多種地址格式，并且可是有少量的通用存放器。Intel的80x86家族是是典型的CISC辦理器。有對(duì)于RISC而言。CPU〔中央辦理器〕CentralProcessingUnit.Thepartofaprocessorthatexecutesinstructions.中央處理器。辦理器中執(zhí)行指令的那一局部。piler〔編譯器〕Asoftwaredevelopmenttoolthattranslateshigh-levellanguageprogramsintothemachine-languageinstructionsthataparticularprocessorcanunderstandandexecute.把高級(jí)編程語(yǔ)言程序變換到只有特定的辦理器能認(rèn)識(shí)和執(zhí)行的機(jī)器指令的一種軟件開發(fā)包。context〔上下文〕Thecurrentstateoftheprocessor"sregistersandflags.辦理器當(dāng)前的狀態(tài)和標(biāo)志。contextswitch〔上下文切換〕Theprocessofswitchingfromonetasktoanotherinamultitaskingoperatingsystem.Acontextswitchinvolvessavingthecontextoftherunningaskandrestoringthepreviously-savedcontextoftheother.Thepieceofcodethatdoesthisisnecessarilyprocessor-specific.在多任務(wù)操作系統(tǒng)中我一個(gè)任務(wù)切換到另一個(gè)的過(guò)程。上下文切換包括保存正在運(yùn)行的任務(wù)的上下文和恢復(fù)開初保存的另一個(gè)任務(wù)的上下文。做這個(gè)工作的一段代碼必定擁有辦理器特權(quán)。countingsemaphore〔計(jì)數(shù)信號(hào)〕Atypeofsemaphorethatisusedtotrackmultipleresourcesofthesametype.Anattempttotakeacountingsemaphoreisblockedonlyifalloftheavailableresourcesareinuse.Contrastwithbinarysemaphore.一種用來(lái)追蹤多個(gè)相同種類資源的信號(hào)燈?？墒窃谒锌捎玫馁Y源都被用完了時(shí)才擁塞。相對(duì)二元信號(hào)而言。criticalsection〔臨界段〕Ablockofcodethatmustbeexecutedinsequenceandwithoutinterruptiontoguaranteecorrectoperationofthesoftware.Seealsoracecondition.一段必定按次次執(zhí)行的代碼，并且不能夠被中斷，否那么不能夠保證軟件正確地操作。參照：競(jìng)爭(zhēng)情況。cross-piler〔交織編譯器〕Apilerthatrunsonadifferentplatformthantheoneforwhichitproducesobjectcode.Across-pilerrunsonahostputerandproducesobjectcodeforthetarget.一個(gè)運(yùn)行在不同的平臺(tái)上的編譯器，其中之一能產(chǎn)生目標(biāo)代碼。交織編譯器在主機(jī)上運(yùn)行并且產(chǎn)生目標(biāo)機(jī)的目標(biāo)代碼。DDMA〔直接內(nèi)存接見〕DirectMemoryAccess.Atechniquefortransferringdatadirectlybetweentwoperipherals(usuallymemoryandanI/Odevice)withonlyminimalinterventionbytheprocessor.DMAtransfersaremanagedbyathirdperipheralcalledaDMAcontroller.直接內(nèi)存接見。一種直接在兩個(gè)外設(shè)〔平時(shí)是內(nèi)存和I/O設(shè)備〕之間進(jìn)展數(shù)據(jù)傳輸?shù)募夹g(shù)，它只要辦理器最少的介入。DMA傳輸由叫DMA控制器的第三方外設(shè)進(jìn)展管理。DRAM〔動(dòng)向隨機(jī)接見儲(chǔ)藏器〕DynamicRandom-AccessMemory.AtypeofRAMthatmaintainsitscontentsonlyaslongasthedatastoredinthedeviceisrefreshedatregularintervals.TherefreshcyclesareusuallyperformedbyaperipheralcalledaDRAMcontroller.動(dòng)向隨機(jī)接見儲(chǔ)藏器。一種RAM，儲(chǔ)藏在其設(shè)備中的數(shù)據(jù)被如期刷新時(shí)才能保存它的內(nèi)容。刷新周期一般由一個(gè)叫DRAM控制器的外設(shè)完成。Databus〔數(shù)據(jù)總線〕Asetofelectricallinesconnectedtotheprocessorandalloftheperipheralswithwhichitmunicates.Whentheprocessorwantstoread(write)thecontentsofamemorylocationorregisterwithinaparticularperipheral,itsetstheaddressbuspinsappropriatelyandreceives(transmits)thecontentsonthedatabus.連接辦理器與所有外設(shè)進(jìn)展通訊的電子線路集。當(dāng)一個(gè)辦理器想去寫〔讀〕某一特定外設(shè)中的儲(chǔ)藏器地址或存放器中的內(nèi)容時(shí)，辦理器設(shè)置地址總線并在數(shù)據(jù)總線上接收〔傳輸〕內(nèi)容。Deadline〔死線〕Thetimeatwhichaparticularsetofputationsmustbepleted.Seealsoreal-timesystem.一個(gè)特定計(jì)算必定被完成的時(shí)間。請(qǐng)看實(shí)時(shí)系統(tǒng)。Deadlock〔死鎖〕Anunwantedsoftwaresituationinwhichanentiresetoftasksisblocked,waitingforaneventthatonlyataskwithinthesamesetcancause.Ifadeadlockoccurs,theonlysolutionistoresetthehardware.However,itisusuallypossibletopreventdeadlocksaltogetherbyfollowingcertainsoftwaredesignpractices.一種不希望出現(xiàn)的軟件狀態(tài)，在這個(gè)狀態(tài)下，所有的任務(wù)因?yàn)榈却粋€(gè)只有在這些被擁塞任務(wù)之一才能產(chǎn)生的事件而被擁塞。若是死鎖發(fā)生，唯一解決的方法是重啟動(dòng)硬件。但是，經(jīng)過(guò)可靠的軟件設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)踐活動(dòng)平時(shí)能夠防范死鎖的發(fā)生。debugmonitor〔除錯(cuò)監(jiān)察程序〕Apieceofembeddedsoftwarethathasbeendesignedspecificallyforuseasadebuggingtool.ItusuallyresidesinROMandmunicateswithadebuggerviaaserialportornetworkDOC.connection.Thedebugmonitorprovidesasetofprimitivemandstoviewandmodifymemorylocationsandregisters,createandremovebreakpoints,andexecuteyourprogram.Thedebuggerbinestheseprimitivestofulfillhigher-levelrequestslikeprogramdownloadandsingle-step.嵌入式軟件被特別設(shè)計(jì)來(lái)作為除錯(cuò)工具的一局部。它一般被放在ROM中，經(jīng)過(guò)串口或網(wǎng)絡(luò)與除錯(cuò)器進(jìn)展通訊。除錯(cuò)監(jiān)察程序供應(yīng)一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的命令集來(lái)顯示和內(nèi)存地址和存放器、建立和移除斷點(diǎn)，并且運(yùn)行你的程序。除錯(cuò)監(jiān)察器組合這些簡(jiǎn)單的命令去實(shí)現(xiàn)象程序下載各單步伐試等高端的央求。Debugger〔除錯(cuò)器〕Asoftwaredevelopmenttoolusedtotestanddebugembeddedsoftware.Thedebuggerrunsonahostputerandconnectstothetargetthroughaserialportornetworkconnection.Usingadebuggeryoucandownloadsoftwaretothetargetforimmediateexecution.Youcanalsosetbreakpointsandexaminetheco