2023年職稱英語(yǔ)考試?yán)砉ゎ怋級(jí)模擬題(二)

第4局部：閱讀理解(第31～45題，每題3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題，每題后面有4個(gè)選項(xiàng)。請(qǐng)仔細(xì)閱讀短文并根據(jù)短文答復(fù)其后面的問(wèn)題，從4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇1個(gè)最正確答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。第一篇InsomniaInsomniaistheinabilitytosleeprestfully.Itisaproblemtonearlyeveryoneatsometime.Apersonmaybeawakeforanhourinthemiddleofthenightandthen,nextmorning,feelthathehardlysleptallnight.Normally,worryaboutnotgettingenoughsleepistheworstaspectofmostinsomnia.Ifinsomniaoccursrepeatedly,itisimportanttofinditspossiblecausesandtrytocorrectthem.Anyoflargenumberofsimplefactorsmaymakeitdifficultforsomeonetofallasleep.Hismattressmaybetoosoftortoohard.Iftherearetoomanyblanketsonahotnight,hemaybetoowarm;ifthemattressistoolighthemayfeelcoldduringthenight.Thebedroomitselfmaybeoverheatedortoocold.Ifitisnotdarkenough,ortoonoisy,thismaycausedifficultyinsleeping.Eatingshortlybeforegoingtobedmayalsoberesponsibleforinsomnia.Drinks,suchasteaorcoffee,canalsokeeppeopleawake.Inabilitytofallasleepissometimesasymptomofemotionalormentaldisorder.Thecauseofinsomniamaybeeasytocorrect.Thesufferershouldcheckthemattress,andbedroomtemperature,andmakeanynecessarychanges.Heshouldrelaxforanhourortwobeforebedtime,perhapsbyreadingabook,watchingtelevisionortakingawarmbath.Ifhewakesduringthenightheshouldtryturningonthelightandreadingforawhile.Takingwarmmilkandabiscuitortwomaybehelpful.Aboveall,heshouldtrynotworryaboutsleeplessness—whensomeoneistiredenoughhenearlyalwaysfallsasleep.31Accordingtothepassage,insomniaisAaseriousdisease.Bacommoncomplaint.Casignofillness.Danunusualproblem32Accordingtothepassage,peoplewhohasdifficultyinsleepingshouldsleepinAadarkandquietroom.Balightandwarmroom.Cacoldandquietroom.Dadarkandwarmroom.33Accordingtothepassage,ifapersonwantstofallasleepfastheshouldn’tAeatanythingduringsuppertime.Breadanybooksbeforehegoestobed.Cwatchtelevisionshortlybeforegoingtobed.Ddrinkanythingthatwillkeephimawake.34Accordingtothepassage,whatistheworstaspectofinsomnia?AWatchingtoomuchtelevision.BEatingtoomuchbeforegoingtobed.CWorryingaboutsleeplessness.DReadingtoomuchatnight.35Accordingtotheauthor,insomniashouldn’tbeaseriousproblembecauseAitscausecanbecorrectedbymakingoneselffeeltiredenough.Bdoctorscancureiteasily.Csomepeoplecancatchupontheirsleepduringtheday.Dsomepeopledon’tneedsomuchsleep.第二篇Mind-readingMachineAteamofresearchersinCaliforniahasdevelopedawaytopredictwhatkindsofobjectspeoplearelookingatbyscanningwhat'shappeningintheirbrains.Whenyoulookatsomething,youreyessendasignalaboutthatobjecttoyourbrain.Differentregionsofthebrainprocesstheinformationyoureyessend.Cellsinyourbraincalledneuronsareresponsibleforthisprocessing.ThefMRI(functionalMagneticResonanceImaging)brainscanscouldgenerallymatchelectricalactivityinthebraintothebasicshapeofapicturethatsomeonewaslookingat.Likecellsanywhereelseinyourbody,activeneuronsuseoxygen.Bloodbringsoxygentotheneurons,andthemoreactiveaneuronis,themoreoxygenitwillconsume.Themoreactivearegionofthebrain,themoreactiveitsneurons,andinturn,themorebloodwilltraveltothatregion.AndbyusingfMRI,scientistscanvisualizewhichpartsofthebrainreceivemoreoxygen-richblood--andtherefore,whichpartsareworkingtoprocessinformation.AnfMRImachineisadevicethatscansthebrainandmeasureschangesinbloodflowtothebrain.Thetechnologyshowsresearchershowbrainactivitychangeswhenapersonthinks,looksatsomething,orcarriesoutanactivitylikespeakingorreading.Byhighlightingtheareasofthebrainatworkwhenapersonlooksatdifferentimages,fMRImayhelpscientistsdeterminespecificpatternsofbrainactivityassociatedwithdifferentkindsofimages.TheCaliforniaresearcherstestedbrainactivitybyhavingtwovolunteersviewhundredsofpicturesofeverydayobjects,likepeople,animals,andfruits.ThescientistsusedanfMRImachinetorecordthevolunteers'brainactivitywitheachphotographtheylookedat.Differentobjectscauseddifferentregionsofthevolunteers'brainstolightuponthescan,indicatingactivity.Thescientistsusedthisinformationtobuildamodeltopredicthowthebrainmightrespondtoanyimagetheeyessee.Inasecondtest,thescientistsaskedthevolunteerstolookat120newpictures.Likebefore,theirbrainswerescannedeverytimetheylookedatanewimage.Thistime,thescientistsusedtheirmodeltomatchthefMRIscanstotheimage.Forexample,ifascaninthesecondtestshowedthesamepatternofbrainactivitythatwasstrongly,relatedtopicturesofapplesinthefirsttest,theirmodelwouldhavepredictedthevolunteerswerelookingatapples.36.Whatisresponsibleforprocessingtheinformationsentbyyoureyes?AAsmallregionofthebrain.BThecentralpartofthebrain.CNeuronsinthebrain.DOxygen-richblood.37.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTmeantbythewriter?ACellsinyourbrainarecalledneurons.BThemoreoxygenaneuronconsumes,themoreblooditneeds.CfMRIhelpsscientiststodiscoverwhichpartsofthebrainprocessinformation.DfMRIhelpsscientiststodiscoverhowthebraindevelopsintelligently.38."Highlightingtheareasofthebrainatwork"meansA"markingthepartsofthebrainthatareprocessinginformation"B"givinglighttothepartsofthebrainthatareprocessinginformation"C"puttingthepartsofthebraintowork"D"stoppingthepartsofthebrainfromworking"39.Whatdidtheresearchersexperimenton?AAnimals,objects,andfruits.BTwovolunteers.CfMRImachines.DThousandsofpictures.40.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebestreplacementofthetitle?ATheRecentDevelopmentinScienceandTechnology.BYourThoughtsCanBeScanned.CATechnologicalDream.DDevicethatcanHelpYouCalculate.第三篇ListeningDeviceProvidesLandslideEarlyWarningAdevicethatprovidesearlywarningofalandslidebymonitoringvibrationsinsoilisbeingtestedbyUKresearchers.Thedevicecouldsavethousandsofliveseachyearbywarningwhenanareashouldbeevacuated,thescientistssay.Suchnaturaldisastersarccommonincountriesthatexperiencesudden,heavyrainfall,andcanalsobetriggeredbyearthquakesandevenwatererosion.Landslidesstartwhenafewparticlesofsoilorrockwithinaslopestarttomove,buttheearlystagescanbehardtospot.Followingthisinitialmovement,"slopescanbecomeunstableinamatterofhoursorminutes,"saysNellDixonatSouthboroughUniversity1,UK.Hesaysawarningsystemthatmonitorsthismovement"mightbeenoughtoevacuateablockofflatsorcleararoad,andsavelives."Themostcommonwaytomonitoraslopeforsignsofanimminentlandslideistowatchforchangesinitsshape.Surveyorscandothisbymeasuringasidedirectly,orsensorssunkintoboreholesorfixedabovegroundcanbeusedtomonitortheshapeofaslope.Slopescan.however,changeshapewithouttriggeringalandslide,soeithermethodispronetocausingfalsealarms.NowDixon'steamhasdevelopedadevicethatlistensforthevibrations'causedwhenparticlesbeginmovingwithinaslope.Thedevicetakestheformofasteelpipedroppedintoaboreholeinaslope.Theboreholeisfilledinwithgravelaroundthepipetohelptransmithigh-frequencyvibrationsgeneratedbyparticleswithintheslope.Thesevibrationspassupthetubeandarepickedupbyasensoronthesurface.Softwareanalysesthevibrationsignaltodeterminewhetheralandslidemaybeimminent.Thedeviceiscurrentlybeingtestedina6-metre-tallartificialclayembankmentinNewcastle2,UK.Earlyresultssuggestitshouldprovidefewerfalsepositivesthanexistingsystems.Onceithasbeencarefullyandthoroughlytested,thedevicecouldbeusedtocreateacompleteearly-warningsystemfordangerousSlopes."Locationswithasignificantriskoflandslidescoulddefinitelybenefitfromamachinelikethis,"saysAdamPoulter,anexpertattheBritishRedCross."Aslongasitdoesn'tcosttoomuch,"But,Poulteraddsthatanearly-warningsystemmaynotbeenoughonitsown."Youneedtohavethehumancommunication,"hesays."Makingsystemsthatgetwarningstothosewhoneedthemcanbedifficult."41.Whatdoes"Suchnaturaldisasters"inthefirstparagraphreferto?ASudden,heavyrainfall.BEarthquakes.CWatererosion.DLandslides.42.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueoflandslides?ATheinitialmovementishardtospot.BTheystartwithamovementofafewparticlesofsoilorrock.CTheycanbedestructiveinamatterofhoursorminutes.DAlloftheabove.43.Whydoresearchersdevelopanewdevicetomonitorsignsoflandsides?ABecausethenewdevicecanmeasurethesitedirectly.BBecausethenewdevicecanbesunkintoboreholesorfixedaboveground.CBecausethecommonmethods.cancausefalsealarms.DBecausethecommonmethodsareuseless.44.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueofthedevice,accordingtoParagraph4?AItisfilledinwithgravel.BItconsistsofasteelpipe.CItisdroppedintoaboreholefilledinwithgravel.DItisconnectedtoasensoronthesurface.45.Accordingtothecontext,whatdoestheword"positives"inthefifthparagraphmean?APositiveelectriccharges.BEvidences.CWarnings.DPredictions.第5局部：補(bǔ)全短文(第46～50題，每題2分，共10分)閱讀下面的短文，文章中有5處空白，文章后面有6組文字，請(qǐng)根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容選擇5組文字，將其分別放回文章原有位置，以恢復(fù)文章原貌。請(qǐng)將答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。FormsofEnvironmentalDisease46.Howthediseasesareexpresseddependsonhowtheparticularenvironmentalagententersthebody,howitismetabolized(引起代謝)，andbywhatrouteitisexcreted.Theskin,lungs,liver,kidneys,and47.Ofparticularconcernisthecapacityofmanyenvironmentalagentstocausevariouscancers,birthdefectsorspontaneousaffection(throughfetalexposure),andmutations(突變)ingermcells,48.Environmentalillnessescanbemildorsevereandrangefromtransienttochronic,dependingonthedosesoftoxin(毒素)received.Somediseasesoccurabruptlyatatoxicexposure,whereasthetimeofonsetofotherdiseasesvariesafterexposure.49.Thoseillnessesthatoccurdirectlyafteradistincttoxicexposureareusuallyeasilyidentifiedasbeingenvironmentallyoroccupationallycaused.Iftheexposureisnotclear-cutorillnessisdelayed,however,thecauseisdifficulttoidentify,asclinicalfeaturesaloneareusuallynonspecific.50.Insuchinstances,epidemiologicalstudiesofexposedpopulationscanhelprelateexposurestotheillnessestheycause.AEnvironmentallyinducedcancers,forexample,commonlyinvolvelatency(潛伏期)periodsof15to30yearsormoreBInaddition,manydifferentcauses,environmentalorotherwise,mayproduceidenticalillnessesCHowever,thereverseistrueDnervoussystemsarecommonlyaffectedbydifferentagentsindifferentsettingsEthelastnamedraisingpossibilitiesofenvironmentallycausedgeneticdiseasesinlatergenerationsFEnvironmentaldiseasescanaffectanyorgansystemofthebody第6局部：完形填空(第51～65題，每題1分，共15分)閱讀下面的短文，文中有15處空白，每處空白給出4個(gè)選項(xiàng)，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容從4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇1個(gè)最正確答案，涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。TakingaNapDuringtheDayMedicalexpertssaymostAmericansdonotget51sleep.TheysaymoreAmericansneedtorestforashortperiodinthemiddleoftheday.Theyareadvisingpeopletosleeplightlybefore52withotheractivities.Onestudyearlierthisyearfoundthatpersonswhosleepforafewminutesduringthedaywereless53todieofheartdisease.Thestudyfollowedmorethan2,300Greekadults54aboutsixyears.Adultswhorestedforhalfanhour55threetimesaweekhada37presentlowerriskofdyingfromheartdiseasethanthosewhodidnotnap.Studyorganizerssaidthestrongestevidencewasinworkingmen.Theysaidnapsmightimprove56bymitigatingtensioncausedbywork.SomeEuropeanandLatinAmericanbusinesseshavesupportedthe57ofnappingformanyyears.Theyurgepeopleto58work,gohomeandhaveanapbeforereturning.IntheUnitedStates,somecompaniesletworkersrestbrieflyinthei