2022年考研考博-考博英語-首都經(jīng)濟貿(mào)易大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號37

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-首都經(jīng)濟貿(mào)易大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

"Museum"isaslipperyword.Itfirstmeant(inGreek)anythingconsecratedtotheMuses:ahill,ashrine,agarden,afestivalorevenatextbook.BothPlato'sAcademyandAristotle'sLyceumhadamouseion,amuses’shrine.AlthoughtheGreeksalreadycollecteddetachedworksofart,manytemples―notablythatofHeraatOlympia(beforewhichtheOlympicflameisstilllit)—hadcollectionsofobjects,someofwhichwereworksofartbywell-knownmasters,whilepaintingsandsculpturesintheAlexandrianMuseumwereincidentaltoitsmainpurpose.

TheRomansalsocollectedandexhibitedartfromdisbandedtemples,aswellasmineralspecimens,exoticplants,animals;andtheyplunderedsculpturesandpaintings(mostlyGreek)forexhibition,Meanwhile,theGreekwordhadslippedintoLatinbytransliteration(thoughnottosignifypicturegalleries,whichwerecalledpinacothecae)andmuseumstillmoreorlessmeant“Muses’shrine”

Theinspirationalcollectionsofpreciousandsemi-preciousobjectswerekeptinlargerchurchesandmonasteries—whichfocusedonthegold-enshrined,bejeweledrelicsofsaintsandmartyrs.Princes,andlatermerchants,hadsimilarcollections,whichbecamethedepositsofnaturalcuriosities:largelumpsofamberorcoral,irregularpearls,unicornhorns,ostricheggs,fossilbonesandsoon.Theyalsoincludedcoinsandgems—oftenantiqueengravedones—aswellas,increasingly,paintingsandsculptures.Astheymultipliedandexpanded,tosupplementthem,theskillofthefakersgrewincreasinglyrefined.

Atthesametime,visitorscouldadmiretheverygrandestpaintingsandsculpturesinthechurches,palacesandcastles;theywerenot"collected"either,"butsite-specific",andwereconsideredanintegralpartbothofthefabricofthebuildingsandofthewayoflifewhichwentoninsidethem—andmostofthebuildingswerepublicones.However,duringtherevivalofantiquityinthefifteenthcentury,fragmentsofantiquesculptureweregivenhigherstatusthantheworkofanycontemporary,sothatdisplaysofantiquitieswouldinspireartiststoimitation,orevenbetter,toemulation,andsocouldbeconsideredMuses'shrinesintheformersense.TheMedicigardennearSanMarcoinFlorence,theBelvedereandtheCapitolinRomewerethemostfamousofsuchearly"inspirational"collections.Soontheymultiplied,andgradually,exemplary"modem"workswerealsoaddedtosuchgalleries.

Intheseventeenthcentury,scientificandprestigecollectingbecamesowidespreadthatthreeorfourcollectorsindependentlypublisheddirectoriestomuseumsallovertheknownworld.Butitwastheageofrevolutionsandindustrywhichproducedthenextsharpshiftinthewaytheinstitutionwasperceived:thefuryagainstroyalandchurchmonumentspromptedantiquarianstosheltertheminasylumgalleries,ofwhichtheMuseedesMonumentsFrancaiswasthemostfamous.Then,inthefirsthalfofthenineteenthcentury,museumfundingtookoff,alliedtotheriseofnewwealth:LondonacquiredtheNationalGalleryandtheBritishMuseum,theLouvrewasorganized,theMuseum-InselwasbeguninBerlin,andtheMunichgallerieswerebuilt.InVienna,thehugeKunsthistorischesandNalurhistorischesMuseumstookovermuchoftheimperialtreasure.Meanwhile,thedeclineofcraftsmanship(andofpublictastewithit)inspiredthecreationof"improving"collections.TheVictoriaandAlbertMuseuminLondonwasthemostfamous,aswellasperhapsthelargestofthem.

1.Thesentence"Museumisaslipperyword"inthefirstparagraphmeansthat（）.

2.TheideathatMuseumcouldmeanamountainorallobjectsoriginatesfrom（）.

3."...theskillofthefakersgrewincreasinglyrefined"inthethirdparagraphmeansthat（）.

4.Paintingandsculpturesondisplayinchurchesinthe15thcenturywere（）.

5.Whichisthemainideaofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.themeaningoftheworddidn'tchangeuntilafterthe15thcentury

B.themeaningofthewordhadchangedovertheyears

C.theGreekshelddifferentconceptsfromtheRomans

D.princesandmerchantsaddedpaintingstotheircollections

問題2選項

A.theRomans

B.Florence

C.Olympia

D.Greek

問題3選項

A.therewasagreatdemandforfakers

B.fakersgrewrapidlyinnumber

C.fakersbecamemoreskillful

D.fakersbecamemorepolite

問題4選項

A.collectedfromelsewhere

B.madepartofthebuildings

C.donatedbypeople

D.boughtbychurches

問題5選項

A.Theevolutionofmuseums

B.Collectionandcollectors

C.Modemmuseumsandtheirfunctions

D.Thebirthofmuseums

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。slippery意為狡猾的，不穩(wěn)定的。再根據(jù)下一段的內(nèi)容可以推測，這里是指它的意思多年來已經(jīng)改變了。所以選項B正確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Itfirstmeant(inGreek)anythingconsecratedtotheMuses:ahill,ashrine,agarden,afestivalorevenatextbook.它最初的意思是(在希臘語中)是獻給繆斯的任何東西:一座小山、一座神殿、一座花園、一個節(jié)日，甚至是一本教科書?！庇纱丝芍x項D正確。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)原文句意：隨著它們的增加和擴大，作為補充，造假者的技藝變得越來越精湛。選項C符合原文。

4.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第四段第一句“theywerenot“collected”either,but“site-specific”,andwereconsideredanintegralpartbothofthefabricofthebuildings...”它們不是被“收藏”,而是“特定場地的”,被認為是建筑不可或缺的一部分。選項B符合原文。

5.主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要介紹了“museum”一詞的演變及其現(xiàn)代意義的由來，所以選項A最能概括本文主旨。

2.單選題

Humanbehaviorismostlyaproductoflearning,whereasthebehaviorofananimaldependsmainlyon（）.

問題1選項

A.response

B.impulse

C.instinct

D.consciousness

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項response“反應，回答”；B選項impulse“沖動”；C選項instinct“本能，直覺”；D選項consciousness“意識，知覺”。句意：人類的行為主要是學習的產(chǎn)物，而動物的行為主要依靠本能。選項C符合句意。

3.單選題

Themanagerspokehighlyofsuch（

）asloyalty,courageandtruthfulnessshownbyhisemployees.

問題1選項

A.virtues

B.features

C.properties

D.characteristics

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。virtue“美德，優(yōu)秀品質(zhì)”；feature“特征，特點”；property“特性，性能，財產(chǎn)”；characteristic“特征，特點”。句意：經(jīng)理高度贊揚了員工所體現(xiàn)的忠誠、勇敢和誠實的優(yōu)秀品質(zhì)。題干中的loyalty，courage和truthfulness都屬于“優(yōu)秀的品質(zhì)”，因此答案選A。

4.翻譯題

A.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.

Inthemodernera,therewillbemuchtocelebratebecauseourcivilizationhasachievedbreath-takingadvancesinvirtuallyeveryfieldofhumanendeavour.Andyet,thesequantumleapsinhumanprogresscoexistwithadarkersidetoourcivilizationsuchasarmedconflict,whichmightdestroyentirecommunitiesinthequestforethnicity,religionorrace.Inthecontextofarmedconflict,childrenaretherealvictims.Manywerekilled,permanentlydisabled,displacedororphaned.Worsethanthat,someofthemarecurrentlyunderarmsaskillingmachines.Hence,theSecurityCouncilshouldsetoutitsgoal:advocatingforchildrenwhoarevictimizedormadeespeciallyvulnerable,aswellasmobilizingforconcreteactiontoensuretheirrights,protectionandwelfare.

B.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.

貿(mào)易增長在很大程度上取決于能源的供應。中東可以開采的原油還有一萬億桶。但是1974年的石油危機使人們對煤再度產(chǎn)生了興趣并且去尋找可供選擇的其它能源。在今后的年代里，太陽能、風能和核能將起到重大的作用。

【答案】A英譯中【參考譯文】

在如今這個時代，會有許多事情值得慶祝，因為幾乎在人類努力的每一個領域我們的文明都取得了驚人的進展。然而，人類進步的這些巨大飛躍與我們文明的黑暗面并存，比如武裝沖突，它可能會在尋求種族、宗教或種族的過程中摧毀整個社區(qū)。在（發(fā)生）武裝沖突的情況下，孩子們是真正的受害者。許多人被殺害、永久致殘、流離失所或者成為孤兒。比這更糟糕的是，現(xiàn)在這些孩子中的一些人被當作殺人機器武裝了起來。因此，安全理事會應確定自己的目標：提倡保護受害或者特別容易受害的兒童，并動員采取具體行動，確保孩子們的權(quán)利、保護他們并且提供福利。

B中譯英【參考譯文】

Thegrowthoftradedependsonenergysuppliestoagreatextent.ThereisstillatrillionbarrelsofrecoverableoilintheMiddleEast.Butthe1974oilcrisismadepeoplereviveinterestincoalandsearchforalternativesourcesofenergy.Intheyearstocome,solar,windandnuclearpowerwillplayabigrole.

5.單選題

Itisreportedthatfewerandfeweroftoday'sworkersexpecttospendtheirworkinglivesinthesamefield,（）thesamecompany.

問題1選項

A.muchworse

B.letalone

C.allelse

D.lesslikely

【答案】B

【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項muchworse“更糟糕的是...”；B選項letalone“更不用說，聽任，不打擾”；C選項allelse“其他所有”；D選項lesslikely“最不可能的”。句意：據(jù)報道，如今越來越少的工人希望自己的職業(yè)生涯都在同一領域工作，更不用說同一家公司了。選項B符合句意。

6.單選題

Colorandsexarenotrelevant（

）whetherapersonissuitableforthejob.

問題1選項

A.on

B.for

C.to

D.with

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配的介詞。berelevantto表示“與……相關(guān)的”，句意：人種和性別與一個人是否適合工作無關(guān)。因此，本題正確答案為C項。

7.單選題

Thepresidentmadea（

）speechattheopeningceremonyofthesportsmeeting,whichencouragedthesportsmengreatly.

問題1選項

A.vigorous

B.tedious

C.flat

D.harsh

【答案】A

【解析】句意:校長在運動會的開幕式上做了慷慨激昂的演講，這極大地鼓舞了運動員們。

考查形容詞辨析。vigorous充滿活力的，精力充沛的;tedious冗長的，啰唆的，單調(diào)乏味的；flat平淡的，單調(diào)的，平坦的；harsh嚴酷的，嚴厲的，惡劣的。根據(jù)后半句句意可知A正確。

8.單選題

Ifanyofthesesymptoms（

）whileyouaretakingthemedicine,consultyourdoctorimmediately.

問題1選項

A.establish

B.represent

C.perform

D.occur

【答案】D

【解析】考察動詞詞義辨析。establish“建立;創(chuàng)立”；represent“代表；表現(xiàn)”；perform“表演；執(zhí)行：完成”；occur“發(fā)生”。句意：如果用藥期間出現(xiàn)上述癥狀，請立刻咨詢醫(yī)生。選項D符合題意。

9.單選題

Wemanagedtoreachthetopofthemountain,andhalfanhourlaterwebeganto（

）.

問題1選項

A.ascend

B.descend

C.decline

D.plunge

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。ascend“上升，升髙，攀登”;descend“下降，下傾”，表示空間方位的變化；decline“（數(shù)量、價值、質(zhì)量等的）減少，下降”；plunge“使突然前沖（或下落），（價格、溫度等）暴跌”。句意：我們成功到達山頂，半小時后我們開始下山。根據(jù)題干的邏輯關(guān)系可知B項符合題意，因此答案選B。

10.單選題

Theinnocentchildobjectedto（

）likethis.

問題1選項

A.treating

B.betreated

C.havebeentreated

D.beingtreated

【答案】D

【解析】考察固定搭配。objectto后面要接doing，因此to在這里是介詞。根據(jù)前后文可知這些無辜的孩子是“被對待”，所以要用被動語態(tài)，因此選項D符合題意。句意：那些無辜的孩子反對被這樣對待。

11.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish.

人們都有追求幸福的權(quán)利，但對幸福的理解卻因人而異。絕大多數(shù)人認為幸福來自于健康的身體、愿望的實現(xiàn)和事業(yè)有成。正如經(jīng)常發(fā)生的那樣，許多人在遇到痛苦時才意識到幸福的真正含義。

【答案】Peoplehavetherighttopursuehappiness,butdifferentpeoplehavedifferentunderstandingofhappiness.Mostpeoplebelievethathappinesscomesfromgoodhealth,wishfulfilmentandsuccessfulcareer.Asitoftenhappens,itisnotuntiltheysufferthatmanypeoplerealizethetruemeaningofhappiness.

12.單選題

Peoplebuyinsuranceinorderto（）asmall,certain,tolerablelossforalarge,uncertain,catastrophicone.

問題1選項

A.return

B.substitute

C.institute

D.predict

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定詞組搭配。固定搭配substitute...for...表示“用……代替……”。A選項return表示“返回，報答，回擊”；C選項institute表示“實行，授予（學位），提起（訴訟）”；D選項predict表示“預言，預測”?！揪湟狻咳藗冑I保險是為了用一個可以確定和容忍的小損失來替代大的、不確定的、災難性的損失。

13.單選題

Nowadays,acellphoneserviceisavailabletoeveryone,everywhere.Probablythousandsofpeoplehavealreadybeenusingit,butIjustdiscoveredit,soI'mgoingtoclaimitandalsonameit:FakeFoning.

Thetechnologyhasbeenworkingwellformeattheoffice,butthereareinfiniteapplications.Virtuallyinanypublicspace.

Sayyouworkatabiguniversitywithlotsoftalkyfacultymembersbuzzingabout.Now,sayyouneedtousetherestroom.Thetripdownthehallwilltakeapproximatelyonehour,becauseapersoncan’twalkintothosetalkypeoplewithoutgettingpulledasideforaquestion,abitofgossip,anewreadonacertainlineofParadiseLost.

So,acellphone.Anycellphone.Justpickitup.Don'tdial.Justholdthatphonetoyourfaceandstarttalking.Walkconfidentlydownthehallengagedinfakeconversation,makingsuretotailorboththetopicandcontenttothepersonstandingbeforeyouwhomyouaretryingtoevade.

Forstandardcolleagueavoidance,Isuggestfakechattingaboutfakebusiness:

“Yes,I’mgladyoucalled,becausewereallyneedtohammeroutthedetails.What’sthat?Yes,IreadPage12,butifyoulookatthebottomof4,Ithinkyoucanseetheproblembeginsrightthere.”

Beengagedinyourfakefoneconversation.Makeeyecontactwiththepeoplepassing,nodtothem,gesturekeeninterestintalkingtothematalatertime,pointtoyourphone,shrugandmoveon.

Shoppersshouldconsiderfakefoninganytimetheyspotatalkyneighborintheproducedepartmentpinching(用手捏)unripepeaches.Withoutyourphoneatyourface,you'dbeinfora20-minutespeechonhowterribletheworldis.

Oneimportantcautionaboutfakefoning.TheotherdayIwasfakefoningmywaypastacolleague,andhewasactuallyfollowingmetogetmyattention.IknewhewantedtoaskaboutaprojectIhadnotyetfinished.Iwastryingtobuymyselfsometime,soIcontinuedfakefoningwithmydoctor.“SoIdon’tneedtheoperation?Oh,doctor,thatisthebestnews.”

Andthen:Brrrrrrng!Brrrrrmg!Brrrrrmg!Myphonestartedringing,righttherewhileitwasplantedonmyface.Mycolleaguelookedatme,andIathim,andnaturallyIgasped.“Whatisthematterwiththisthing?”Isaid,pullingthephoneawaytolookatit,andthenputtingitbacktomyear.

“Hello?Areyoustillthere?”

Oops.

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementisINCORRECT?

2.Whatisfakingfoning?

3.Intheauthor’sopinion,inordertomakefoninglookrealonehasto

4.Whatdoesthelastexampleshow?

5.Afterhisphonesuddenlybeganringing,theauthor

問題1選項

A.Cellphoneserviceispopularamongpeople.

B.Fakefoningisanewcellphoneservice.

C.Cellphonehasmuchuseinoffice.

D.Fakefoningisanewdiscovery.

問題2選項

A.Adevicenewlyproduced.

B.Astrategytoavoidpeople.

C.Aserviceprovidedeverywhere.

D.Askillofcommunication.

問題3選項

A.talkaboutinterestingmatters.

B.holdthephonewhilewalking.

C.appearabsorbedinconversation.

D.behavepolitelytopeoplepassingby.

問題4選項

A.Onehastobecarefulwhilefakefoning.

B.Oneeffectivewayistofakefoneone’sdoctor.

C.Fakefoningmaynotdeceivepeople.

D.Fakefoingisalwaysquitesuccessful.

問題5選項

A.immediatelystartedtalkingtothecaller.

B.immediatelystartedtalkingtohiscolleague.

C.putthephoneawayandstoppedtalking.

D.continuedwithhisfakingconversation.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。本題要找出說法錯誤的選項，可采用排除法。文章第一句提到任何人在任何地方都可以使用手機服務，因此選項A“手機服務對人們來說很普遍”正確。B選項說fakefoning是一項新的手機服務，明顯錯誤。而由文章第二段可知，這種方法在辦公室非常有用，故C項正確。文章第一段第二句指出可能已經(jīng)有相當多的人在用這種方法了，但作者才剛剛發(fā)現(xiàn)，故D項正確。因此本題正確答案應為B項。

2.推理判斷。本題詢問fakefoning的含義，這正是文章的主題。雖然原文沒有給出fakefoning的確切定義，但通過原文內(nèi)容推理可知，fakefoning就是假裝接聽手機的意思。而foning也假借了ph的發(fā)音，其含義其實就是phoning。由原文第四段和第五段可以看出，這種假裝接電話的目的是colleagueavoidance，故B選項正確。其余選項均為對文中語句的混淆解釋。

3.推理判斷題。題干詢問“為了讓假接手機看起來更真實，作者認為應該怎么做”。由原文第四段最后一句可知，要根據(jù)你想要避開的人而改變談論的主題和內(nèi)容，因此不能只談論有趣的話題，故A項錯誤。而“走路的時候拿著手機”顯然也不能單純地提高真實性，故B項錯誤。根據(jù)原文第七段可知，要專注接聽電話，對路過的人只需用眼神交流一下，點點頭，同時還要指指電話，表示在講電話，只能以后再聊，但并不能推斷出這種禮貌地回應能讓假接手機看起來更真實，故D項錯誤。只有C項“裝成投入到交談中的樣子（沒有注意到旁人）”最真實，最符合題意。因此，本題正確答案為C選項。

4.推理判斷題。題干詢問文中最后一個例子的含義，其實也就是詢問最后四段的主旨。這個例子是講作者有一次在假裝接電話時，正好有一個電話打進來，作者只好急中生智，裝成手機出問題斷線了，而自己還不知道后面又繼續(xù)通話，可見假接電話也要多加小心，故A選項正確。在這個例子中，作者只是剛好假裝在和醫(yī)生通話，故B選項錯誤。C選項認為fakefoning可能欺騙不了別人，是片面的，作者就很巧妙地化解了尷尬局面，成功騙了同事。選項D說假裝接電話總是成功的，根據(jù)最后這個例子來看這也未必，還是需要小心的。因此本題正確答案為A選項。

5.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段可知，當電活鈴突然響起時，作者正好與同事四目相對，但是作者并未驚慌，只是很自然地說道：“這東西出什么毛病了?”同時拿開手機看了一下，然后重新放回耳邊說到：“喂喂喂，還在嗎?”由此可以看出，作者是對同事說了一句話，因此本題正確答案為B選項。

14.單選題

Itiswellknownthatteenageboystendtodobetter（1）maththangirls,thatmalehighschoolstudentsaremorelikelythantheirfemalecounterparts

（2）advancedmathcourseslikecalculus,thatvirtuallyallthegreatmathematicians

（3）

men.Arewomenbornwith（4）mathematicalability?Ordoessociety’ssexismslowtheirprogress?In1980,twoJohnsHopkinsUniversityresearcherstried

（5）theeternalnature/nurturedebate.JulianStanleyandCamillaBenbow

（6）10,000talentedseventhandeighthgradersbetween1972and1979.UsingtheScholasticAptitudeTest,inwhichmathquestionsaremeanttomeasureabilityratherthanknowledge,theydiscovered

（7）sexdifferences.（8）

theverbalabilitiesofthemalesandfemales

（9）differed,twiceasmanyboysasgirlsscoredover500(onascaleof200to800)onmathematicalability;atthe700level,theratiowas14to1.Theconclusion:maleshave

（10

）superiormathematicalreasoningability.

BenbowandStanley’sfindings,（11）werepublishedin“Science”，disturbedsomemenand（12）women.NowthereiscomfortforthosepeopleinanewstudyfromtheUniversityofChicagothatsuggestsmath

（13）not,afterall,anaturalmaledomain.Prof.ZalmanUsiskinstudied1,366tenthgraders.Theywereselectedfromgeometryclassesandtestedontheirabilitytosolvegeometryproofs,asubjectrequiring（

14）—abstractreasoningandspatialability.Theconclusion（15）byUsiskin:therearenosexdifferencesinmathability.

問題1選項

A.at

B.top

C.of

D.about

問題2選項

A.intackling

B.tackling

C.totackle

D.abouttackling

問題3選項

A.mightbe

B.havebeen

C.mustbe

D.hadbeen

問題4選項

A.smaller

B.less

C.fewer

D.notmore

問題5選項

A.tosettle

B.toset

C.settling

D.setting.

問題6選項

A.weretested

B.havetested

C.weretesting

D.hadtested

問題7選項

A.distinct

B.instinct

C.remotes

D.vague

問題8選項

A.Since

B.However

C.As

D.While

問題9選項

A.scarcelynot

B.virtually

C.largely

D.hardly.

問題10選項

A.superficially

B.universally

C.inherently

D.initially,

問題11選項

A.as

B.that

C.which

D.all

問題12選項

A.few

B.notafew

C.notfew

D.quitefew

問題13選項

A.be

B.were

C.was

D.is

問題14選項

A.noneof

B.neitherof

C.either

D.both

問題15選項

A.got

B.gained

C.reached

D.accomplished

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:A

第6題:D

第7題:A

第8題:D

第9題:D

第10題:C

第11題:C

第12題:B

第13題:D

第14題:D

第15題:C

【解析】1.考查固定搭配。dobetterat...在……方面做得更好。

2.考查固定搭配。belikelytodosth.可能做某事,故選C。

3.語法題?？疾闀r態(tài)?？崭袼诰湟鉃?偉大的數(shù)學家?guī)缀酢际悄行?這里強調(diào)從過去到現(xiàn)在一直存在的事實,因此用現(xiàn)在完成時。

4.語義題。smaller更小的，一般指尺寸、數(shù)量等;less和fewer都可以表示更少的，較少的但less修飾不可數(shù)名詞，fewer修飾可數(shù)名詞;notmore不多。由關(guān)鍵詞ability可知B正確。

5.考查固定搭配。trytodosth.努力做某事。此處動詞settle與debate搭配表示“解決爭端”。

6.語法題?？疾闀r態(tài)。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞between1972and1979可知，此處需耍用過去完成吋態(tài)。

7.考查形容詞辨析。distinct明顯的；instinct本能，天性；remote偏遠的，偏僻的；vague模糊的。此處句意為:他們發(fā)現(xiàn)不同的性別之間有很大的不同,故選A。

8.考查邏輯關(guān)系。逗號前后兩個分句之間是對比關(guān)系，因此引導詞用while。

9.考查副詞辨析。scarcely幾乎不，一般沒有scarcelynot連用的情況；virtually事實上，幾乎;largely主要地，在很大程度上；hardly幾乎不。前后分句為對比關(guān)系。故選D。

10.考查副詞辨析。superficially表面地；universally普遍地；inherently固有地，內(nèi)在地;initially最初。這里想表達“相比女性,男性在數(shù)學方面有內(nèi)在優(yōu)勢”,故選C。

11.語法題?？疾閺木涞囊龑г~?！埃?/p>

）werepublishedin‘Science’”這部分為非限制性定語從句修飾BenbowandStanley’sfindings，C項which能引導非限制性定語從句,故選C。

12.語義題。few很少的；notafew不少，相當多；沒有nowfew和quitefew的用法。此處句意為:這一研究結(jié)果讓一些男性和很多女性感到不安,故選B。

13.語法題?？疾闀r態(tài)和主謂一致。此處需填入系動詞,此處主語是math,故排除A和B。根據(jù)提示詞now可知,D正確。

14.考查固定搭配。both...and...不但…而且…。

15.考查固定搭配。reachaconclusion得出結(jié)論。

15.單選題

Noonecanfunctioniftheyare（）ofadequatesleep.

問題1選項

A.deprived

B.ripped

C.stripped

D.contrived

【答案】A

【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項deprive“使喪失，剝奪”，常和介詞of搭配；B選項rip“撕裂”；C選項strip“剝?nèi)ァ保籇選項contrive“謀劃，設法做到”。句意：如果剝奪了充足的睡眠，沒有人能正常工作。deprive和strip都有剝奪的意思，但是strip較普遍，多指剝削金錢，土地等物質(zhì)上的東西。而deprive除了前面的意思，還可以特指權(quán)利，勢力等東西。所以選項A更符合語境。

16.單選題

Illnesses（）toworkersinaparticularoccupationareknownasoccupationaldiseases.

問題1選項

A.passive

B.specific

C.resistant

D.harmful

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。由句中關(guān)鍵信息occupationaldiseases可知，這種病應該指示某些特定行業(yè)的工人才會得病。所以specificto（表示“只限于……的，特定于……”）最符合句意，故本題正確答案為B項。A選項passive表示“被動的；消極的”；C選項resistant表示“抵抗的，頑固的”；D選項harmful表示“有害的，危害的”?！揪湟狻恳恍┘膊≈挥刑囟殬I(yè)的工人會得，被稱為職業(yè)病。

17.單選題

Ingeneral,oursocietyisbecomingoneofgiantenterprisesdirectedbyabureaucratic（官僚主義的）managementinwhichmanbecomesasmall,well-oiledcoginthemachinery.Theoilingisdonewithhigherwages,well-ventilatedfactoriesandpipedmusic,andbypsychologistsand"human-relations"experts;yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless,thatheisboredwithit.Infact,theblueandthewhite-collarworkershavebecomeeconomicpuppetswhodancetothetuneofautomatedmachinesandbureaucraticmanagement.

Theworkerandemployeeareanxious,notonlybecausetheymightfindthemselvesoutofajob;theyareanxiousalsobecausetheyareunabletoacquireanyrealsatisfactionorinterestinlife-Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.

Thosehigheruponthesocialladderarenolessanxious.Theirlivesarenolessemptythanthoseoftheirsubordinates.Theyareevenmoreinsecureinsomerespects.Theyareinahighlycompetitiverace.Tobepromotedortofallbehindisnotamatterofsalaiybutevenmoreamatterofself-respect.Whentheyapplyfortheirfirstjob,theyaretestedforintelligenceaswellasfortherightmixtureofsubniissivenessandindependence.Fromthemomentontheyarctestedagainandagainbythepsychologists,forwhomtestingisabigbusiness,andbytheirsuperiors,whojudgetheirbehavior,sociability,capacitytogetalong,etc.Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone'sfellow-competitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress,theverycausesofunhappinessandillness.

AmIsuggestingthatweshouldreturntothepreindustrialmodeofproductionortonineteenth-century"freeenterprise"capitalism?Certainlynot.Problemsareneversolvedbyreturningtoastagewhichonehasalreadyoutgrown.Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemfromabureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaximalproductionandconsumptionareendsinthemselvesintoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities―thoseofallloveandofreason―aretheaimsofsocialarrangements.Productionandconsumptionshouldserveonlyasmeanstothisend,andshouldbepreventedfromrulingman.

1.By"awell-oiledcoginthemachinery"theauthorintendstodelivertheideathatmanis（）.

2.Therealcauseoftheanxietyoftheworkersandemployeesisthat（）.

3.Fromthepassagewecanconcludethatrealhappinessoflifebelongstothose（）.

4.Tosolvethepresentsocialproblemstheauthorputsforwardasuggestionthatweshould（）.

5.Theauthor'sattitudetowardsindustrialismmightbestbesummarizedasoneof（）.

問題1選項

A.anecessarypartofthesocietythougheachindividual'sfunctionisnegligible

B.workingincompleteharmonywiththerestofthesociety

C.anunimportantpartincomparisonwiththerestofthesociety

D.ahumblecomponentofthesociety,especiallywhenworkingsmoothly

問題2選項

A.theyarelikelytolosetheirjobs

B.theyhavenogenuinesatisfactionorinterestinlife

C.theyarefacedwiththefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistence

D.theyaredeprivedoftheirindividualityandindependence

問題3選項

A.whocouldkeepfarawayfromthiscompetitiveworld

B.whoarehigherupintheirsocialstatus

C.whoprovebetterthantheirfellow-competitors

D.whoareatthebottomofthesociety

問題4選項

A.resorttotheproductionmodeofourancestors

B.offerhigherwagestotheworkersandemployees

C.enablemantofullydevelophispotentialities

D.takethefundamentalrealitiesforgranted

問題5選項

A.approval

B.dissatisfaction

C.suspicion

D.susceptibility

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第一段“...yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless...”,由此推斷,作者將人比喻成機械中運轉(zhuǎn)良好的齒輪,實則是想表明人們相對于社會中其他部分來說已經(jīng)變得不那么重要了。選項C符合原文。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知,工人和雇員們焦慮不僅是因為他們可能面臨著失業(yè),他們焦慮也因為他們不能獲得任何有趣的生活和真正的滿足,但是真正的原因還是第二段的最后一句“Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.”,選項D他們被剝奪了個性和獨立性,符合原文,所以選D。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)原文以及題干可知,作者認為這些人之所以焦慮是因為處于一個競爭激烈的社會之中,只有遠離了競爭激烈的社會,才會有真正幸福的生活。所以選項A正確。

4.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)最后一段第三句“Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemform,...,intoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities-thoseofallloveandofreason-aretheaimsofsocialarrangements.我建議改變我們的社會制度形式，……在這種社會安排中，人及其全部的愛和理性的潛能的充分發(fā)展是社會安排的目的。”由此可知，作者提出了充分發(fā)揮人的潛能的建議來解決當前的社會問題，選項C符合原文。

5.觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知,作者認為現(xiàn)在的工業(yè)主義使人喪失了其在社會中應發(fā)揮的重要作用,最后一段提到了作者建議將工業(yè)主義轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐环N以人為本的工業(yè)主義,所以作者對待工業(yè)主義的態(tài)度是不滿的。選項B正確。

18.單選題

Inordertorepairbarns,buildfences,growcrops,andcareforanimals,afarmermustindeedbe（

）.

問題1選項

A.restless

B.skilled

C.strong

D.versatile

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。restless“坐立不安的，不耐煩的”；skilled“有技能的，熟練的”；strong“強壯的，強健的”；versatile“多才多藝的，多用途的”。句意：為了修繕谷倉、建立柵欄、種植莊稼以及飼養(yǎng)牲畜，事實上，農(nóng)民必須是多才多藝的。根據(jù)句意可知，農(nóng)民應該是多才多藝的，故答案選D。

19.單選題

Whetheryoulivetoeatoreattolive,foodisamajor（）ineveryfamily’sbudget.

問題1選項

A.nutrition

B.expenditure

C.routine

D.provision

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項nutrition表示“營養(yǎng)；營養(yǎng)學；營養(yǎng)品”；B選項expenditure表示“支出，花費；經(jīng)費，消費額”；C選項routine表示“程序；日常工作；例行公事”；D選項provision表示“規(guī)定；條款；準備；供應品”。根據(jù)句意可知，食物在每個家庭的預算中都是主要的支出，因此B選項最符合句意。故本題正確答案為B。

20.單選題

Thepuzzleofleft-handednessseemstobeamodestgrowthareaincurrentresearch.Oneofthelatestproposalslinksleft-handednessbothwithanoverproductionofthemalehormoneandwithdeficienciesinthebody’sautomaticdefensemechanisms,althoughitisnotclearwhethertheoverproductionofhormonecausesthedefensedefect,orissimplyonesymptomofageneralimbalance.Couldthisexplainwhy13percentofmalechildren,butonly10percentoffemales,areleft-handed?

Today,veryroughly10percentofthepopulationisleft-handed.Theoddthingisthatthispercentageseemstohaveremainedconstantthroughouthistory,andindeedthroughouthumanprehistory.Fromwrittenrecords,andevenpainting,researcherscangetaguidetotheincidenceofleft-handednessamongourrecentancestors

Lookingfurtherback,someexpertsclaimtobeabletotellfromtheshapingofflint(打火石)toolswhetherourStoneAgeforebearswereleft-orright-handedwhilethehabitofcavepaintersofleavinghandprints(as“signatures”)onwallsatleasttellsuswhichhandanindividualusedformarkingwalls.Theevidencesuggeststhat10percentofthepopulationwasleft-handed.

Thisisacommonevolutionarypatternwheretherearevariationsthateachprovidessomeadvantagefortheindividualthatcarriesthem,butnotanoverwhelmingadvantage,sothatallthevariationsexistsomewhereinthepopulation.

Abalanceisstruckinwhichtheproportionsofthepopulationinwhicheachversionisexpressedstayroughlythesameformgenerationtogeneration-asinthecaseofbloodgroups,forexample.Theremustbesomeadvantage,inDarwinianterms,inbeingaleft-handeramongapopulationofpredominantlyright-handedpeople.Butthisisverydifferentfromthepatternseeninmostanimals.

Ournearrelatives,thechimpanzees,alsoshowindividualpreferenceforonehandortheother,buthalfthechimppopulationisleft-handed.Evenratsshowthesamesplit-50percentleft-pawedand50percentright-pawed.Manmaynotquitebeuniqueamongmammals;therehavebeenclaimsthatpolarbearsaremorelikelytobeleft-handedthanright,althoughunderstandablyfewexperimentshavebeendonewithpolarbearsunderlaboratoryconditions.Butbycomparisonwithourcousinapes,itlooksasifresearchintoleft-handednessinpeoplemaybeaskingthewrongquestion.

Therealpuzzleisnotwhy10percentofpeopleareleft-handed,butwhy90percentareright-handed.Whathashappenedtothehumanspecies,inevolutionaryterms,totiltthebalanceawayfromleft-handersinfavorofright-handers?Whyismantheright-handedape?Nobodyhasasatisfactoryanswer.Butitisoneofthecuriositiesofscientificresearchthatstudiesofsomethingseeming