2014英語基礎(chǔ)班第一部分語法三

第一部分語法（三）第十一節(jié)狀語從句（一…就）,themoment（一…就）,theminute（一…就）,thesecond（一…就while,when,WhenIstoppedmycar,amancameuptome.Whenyouhavefinishedyourwork,youmayhavearest.Asthedaywenton,theweathergotworse.bengsomethingbeabouttodosomethinghadalready/almost/justdonesomething例：Ihadjuststartedbackforthehousetochangemy Iheard [答疑500220011501]例：Ifeltsomewhatdisappointedandwasaboutto attracted[答疑YoulikesportswhileI’dliketoreaD.Whiletheircountryhasplentyofoil,ourshasnone.他們國家有很多石油，而國Whilehelikeshisdaughter,heisstrictwithher.雖然他很喜歡女兒，但對(duì)她非Notuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19thcenturydidmanknowwhatheatis19NotuntilIbegantoworkdidIrealizehowmuchtimeIhadwasteD.直到工作，才認(rèn)識(shí)Itisnotuntilthat…ItwasnotuntilIbegantoworkthatIrealizedhowmuchtimeIhad quiterecently,mostmothersinBritaindidnottakepaidworkoutsidethe [答疑500220011503]『答案解析』本句的意思是，“直到最近，大部分英國的們還沒有出去工作。”只要能夠notuntilnotuntil….提至句首，后面用肯定形式，主謂倒裝。本題可以改成，NotuntilquiterecentlydidmostmothersinBritaintakepaidworkoutsidethehome.這時(shí)，句子采用主謂倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，應(yīng)注意。Ihadhardly/scarcelygothomewhenitbegantorain.Ihadnosoonergothomethanitbegantorain.AssoonasIgothome,itbegantoHardly/ScarcelyhadIgothomewhenitbegantorain.NosoonerhadIgothomethanitbegantorain.Theenemyplanewasshotdownthemomentitenteredourspace.敵機(jī)一進(jìn)入的領(lǐng)空例：Youseethelightening ithappens,butyouhearthethunderlater.theforanontheinan[答疑句的是名詞詞組theinstant，而不是由其構(gòu)成的介詞短語。beforeTurnthelightoffbeforeyousleep.（睡前先把燈熄掉。）Thinkbeforeyouspeak.（說話之前，應(yīng)先想清楚。）但在不同的語境中before有不同的意義：例：Severalweekshadgone Irealizedthepaintingwas [答疑500220011505]例：TheysailedalongthePacificOceanfortwo theyarrived [答疑500220011506]beforeitwaswillbe＋時(shí)間＋before例：Itwon’tbelongyouregretwhatyouhavedone. [答疑500220011507]『答案解析』本句的意思是，“用不了多久你就會(huì)為你的所作所為感到遺憾?！盜twas/willbebefore（強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間的長）”，在否定句中則表示“沒過多 youareleavingtomorrow,wecaneatdinnertogethertonight.（1999.6） [答疑例 thatmyheadhadcleared,mybrainwasalsobeginningtoworkmuch [答疑500220011509]（that）,incase（假如）,giventhat（假定，如果考慮到）,onlyif（只要…就）,if例：We’llvisitEuropenext wehaveenough [答疑500220011510]例：Youwillbelate youleaveimmediay. [答疑500220011511]though,although,evenif（though）（即使）,as（盡管）,all（that）（盡管）,inspiteofthefactthat（盡管）,despitethefactthat（不管Althoughit'srainingtheyarestillworkinginthefield.It'sraining,buttheyarestillworkinginthefield.Thoughthesorebehealed,yetascarmayremain. Childasheis,hebehaveslikeagrown-up.Failashedid,hewasnotdisappointedatall.MuchasItried,Ifailedtopersuadehim. ,hefelttiredoutafterthelongjourneyforeighthours.A.Strongasheis B.ThestrongerheisC.Strongmanthatheis D.Forheisstrong[答疑500220011601]考查介詞as當(dāng)“盡管，雖然”的意思講時(shí)的用法。everif,eventhough youdisagreewithher,herideaisstillworthconsidering.A.Evenif B.IfonlyC.Insteadof D.Despiteof[答疑500220011602] whether…or…不管……都。例如：Whetheryoubelieveitornotitistrue.Nomatterwhathappened,hewouldnot=Whateverhappened,hewouldnot替換：nomatterwhatwhatevernomatterwho=whoevernomatterwhen=whenevernomatterwhere=wherevernomatterwhich=whichevernomatterhow=however例：Ifweworkwithastrongwill,wecan eanydifficulty, [答疑500220011603]例：,Motherwillwaitforhimtohavedinnertogether.A.HoweverlateisheB.HoweverheislateC.Howeverishelate D.Howeverlateheis[答疑500220011604]（錯(cuò)）Nomatterwhatyousayisofnouse（對(duì)）Whateveryousayisofnouse（錯(cuò)）Prisonershavetoeatnomatterwhatthey're（對(duì)）Prisonershavetoeatwhateverthey'reas,（just）as…soasifasthoughas,（just）as…so…引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句通常位于主句后，但在（just）as…so…結(jié)構(gòu)AlwaysdototheothersasyouwouldbedoneAswateristofish,soairistoasif,asthat（以防）,incase（以防）等詞引導(dǎo)。例：Iwasadvisedtoarrangeforinsurance Ineededmedicaltreatment. C.in D.so[答疑Theboyissoyoungthathecan'tgotoschool.這男孩太小，不能上學(xué)Heissuchayoungboythathecan'tgotosoniceaboythat…suchaniceboysobeautiful/diligent/carefullysuch（fineweather/greatimprovement）例：Itooknonoticeofhim, heflewintoarage.A.forthat B.sothatC.inthat D.butthat[答疑500220011606]somuchsoHewasveryweak,somuchsothathecouldnotIlongtovisitBeijing,somuchsothatIdreamaboutiteverynight.4）too…to…enoughto…,so…astoWhile（hewas）astudentatOxfordUniversity,hepublishedquiteafewscientific Heisanhonestmthough（heis）verypoor.Whether（sheis）sickorwell,sheisalwaysHestaredatmeasif（hewas）seeingmefor 在英語中，上述概念分別只用although,because,unless三個(gè)從屬連詞來表示。例如：Althoughthereisairallaroundus,（but）wecan’tseeAsthebushadstoppedrunning,（so）hehadtowalkUnlessyoukeeptrying,（otherwise）youwillnever第十二節(jié)從句、表語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句各自的一些特征。例：Theseshoeslookverygood.Iwonder A.howmuchcosttheyare B.howmuchdotheycostC.howmuchtheycost D.howmucharetheycost[答疑句的形式而不是倒裝句的形式，據(jù)此可以選出C。例：Canyoumake thegoldA.whereAlicehut B.wherehadAliceputC.whereAlicehas D.wherehasAlice[答疑連接代詞：what,which,who,whom,whosewhenwhere,why,連詞：that（沒有任何含義）連詞：whether,ifwho,whom,whose）或者連接副詞（主要包括when,where,why,how）。注意體會(huì)如下例句：Whohastakenawaymybagisunknown.誰拿走了包還不知道。（主語從句Haveyoudecidedwhomyouaretonominateasyour例：Itwasamatter wouldtakethe [答疑500220011703]句充當(dāng)?shù)氖侵髡Z（通常用who指代）而不是賓語（通常用whom指代），而且題干中沒有提供強(qiáng)調(diào)“任何人”的語境，因此應(yīng)填入引導(dǎo)詞who。例：Marywroteanarticleontheteamhadfailedtowinthe [答疑500220011704]原因狀語，所以應(yīng)選A。例：Pleaseremind hesaidhewasgoing.Imaybeintimetoseehim [答疑500220011705]種特殊用法在語法上被稱作“關(guān)系代詞型的what”，注意體會(huì)如下例句：Heisnotwhat that）hewasafewyearsago.Thisiswhat（=theplacethat）theycallSaltLakeCity.What（=theplacethat）isnowtheNorthSaharaDesertwasonceacivilized eisnowdoublewhat ethat）itwastenyears例：Theotherday,mybrotherdrovehiscardownthestreet Ithoughtwasdangerous [答疑『答案解析』下劃線處的引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)介詞at的賓語從句，該引導(dǎo)詞在at的賓語從句中充當(dāng)主語，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有關(guān)系代詞型的引導(dǎo)詞what具有這樣的用法。as不能引導(dǎo)賓語從句，which導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)表示“哪一個(gè)”，thatWhoeverwantstoseethisfilmcangowithustonight.無論誰想看這部，今晚都可以和一起去。（引導(dǎo)詞whoever在從句從充當(dāng)主語）Youcangivethetickettowhomeveryoulike（引導(dǎo)詞whomever作like的賓語）Allthebooksarehere.Youmayborrowwhichever（book）youlike.兒，你愿借哪本就借哪本。 teamwinsonSaturdaywillgothroughtothenationalchampionships.A.Nomatterwhat B.Nomatterwhich [答疑500220011707]AB；（獲勝的球隊(duì)）”which此進(jìn)一步排除C而選出D。例：Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachildheorshe [答疑500220011708]『答案解析』whateverwhat例：CouldIspeak isinchargeofInternationalSales, D.nomatterwho[答疑500220011709]且引導(dǎo)詞在從句中充當(dāng)主語，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有whoever適合。thatthatthat位語從句時(shí)that通常不被省略。例如：Shehoped（that）hewouldarriveontime.她希望他按時(shí)到達(dá)。（賓語從句）Thatshewaschosenmadeusveryhappy.她被選中了讓很開心。（主語從句）IhavethebeliefthatIwillsucceed.我懷有必勝的信念。（同位語從句）例：Informationhasbeenputforward intouniversities. [答疑500220011710]名詞性從句中具體的句子成分，有這樣用法的引導(dǎo)詞只能是that。本題下劃線處引導(dǎo)了句的what在任何情況下都不能省略。whetherif均可以引導(dǎo)表示“是否”之意的名詞性從句，whetherif不在這種名詞性從句中充當(dāng)具體的句子成分。在引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)whether與if一般可以互換，但在引導(dǎo)主or（not）時(shí)通常只能用whether作引導(dǎo)詞。注意體會(huì)下列例句：Idon’tknowif/whetherIcanhelpyou.我不知道我能否幫助你。（賓語從句Whetherwecanreallyhelpyou,Idon’tknowyet.是否真的能幫助你，我還不知Theteacherworriedaboutwhetherhehadhurtthegirl’sfeelings.Thequestioniswhethertheycancooperatewithus.問題是他們能否與合作。（表Thelittlegirlaskedherfatherwhethersheshouldgotothepartyornot.問父親她應(yīng)不應(yīng)該參加這個(gè)。（包含ornot的賓語從句）wasamusiccritic.他母親說索爾?格蘭特是個(gè)音樂評(píng)論家。WethinkitimportantthatMaryshouldlthetruth.認(rèn)為瑪麗說出實(shí)情很重要Ihavemadeitclearthatwe’llsignthecontractwithyourcompany.楚：我方將與貴公司簽訂這個(gè)合約。thatexceptthatinthat“因?yàn)椤苯Y(jié)構(gòu)。例如：Hisreportiscorrectexceptthatsomedetailsareomitted.Criticismandself-criticismisnecessaryinthatithelpsustocorrectour有see,know,wonder,show,ask,l,decide,findout,imagine等。例如：lmehowyouwenttoschool.Johnwonderedwhyhewaswantedby ,buthewenttothestation例：Iwassurprisedbyherwords,whiademerecognize sillymistakesIhad [答疑recognizewhatsillymistakes例：Ijustwonder thatmakeshimsoexcited.A.whyitdoes B.whathedoesC.howitis D.whatitis[答疑500220011712]『答案解析』由于“thatmakeshimsoexcitedD真正的主語是that引導(dǎo)的主語從句，意為“使他如此激動(dòng)的是什么”。例：Theshopkeeperdidnotwanttosell hethoughtwasnot [答疑500220011713]從句中充當(dāng)主語,而which在名詞從句中意為“哪一個(gè)”,在本題中意思不對(duì)，故選C。givethemonkeyexactly hewants. [答疑500220011714]『答案解析』“Alwaysgivethemonkeyexactlywhathewants.意思是“都要給別人他確實(shí)想要的東西?！?。whathewants作其中的賓語，泛指主語he所例：Theoldlady’shandshookfrequently.Sheexplainedtoherdoctorthisshakinghadbegunhalfayearbefore,and,onlybecauseofthis,shehadbeenforcedtogiveupherjob.A.when;how B.how;when C.how;how [答疑500220011715]『答案解析』題干意為：這位老婦人經(jīng)常顫抖，她向醫(yī)生解釋了這種顫抖如何從半年前間或原因，因此都應(yīng)填入how。以被視為發(fā)揮著及物動(dòng)詞的作用，其后的從句具有賓語從句的性質(zhì)），例如：Areyoucertainthatyou’llgetthereintime?Hewasdisappointedthathefailedtogetthemasterdegree.hewasamanofaction. [答疑500220011716]wasqualifiedforthetask.問我她是否勝任這項(xiàng)任務(wù)。相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行提問，通常要用到“語疑問句”。該結(jié)構(gòu)以所詢問信息有關(guān)的疑問詞開頭，主句IthinkthatJohnwillarriveatfiveo’clock.（atfiveWhendoyouthinkJohnwillarrive?（此處的doyouthink變成了語確定用who（在從句中充當(dāng)主語），還是用whom（在從句中充當(dāng)賓語）。如：WebelievethatPeterwillbegiventheprize.（Peter，從句中充當(dāng)主語WhodoyoubelievewillbegiventheTheyexpectedthattheteacherwouldcriticizePeter.（Peter，從句中充當(dāng)賓語）Whomdidtheyexpecttheteacherwouldcriticize?例：--Ihaven’theardfromHenryforalong--Whatdoyou toA.is B.was C.to TheproblemishowwecangetthethingsweThescissorsarenotwhatI例：Thetraditionalviewis usdoso. [答疑500220011717]不需要再添加任何成分。因此，應(yīng)選擇可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句且不充當(dāng)任何成分的that。例：Youaresayingthateveryoneshouldbeequal,andthisis Idisagree. [答疑從句若不放在句首，可以省略引導(dǎo)詞that）。例如：Whatshedidisnotyetknown.Whoevercomesise.不論都?xì)g迎Itisapity（that）wehaven’tcontactedforages.很遺憾，幾年沒聯(lián)系了Ithasnotbeendecidedwherethemeetingistobeheld.Itdoesn’tmatterwhethershewillcomeornot.她是否來這無關(guān)緊要。例：makesthisshopdifferentisthatitoffersmoreal [答疑500220011719]這家商店與眾不同的任何事物”之意，應(yīng)選用what引導(dǎo)主語從句。 fromoneaspect. C.This [答疑500220011720]名詞性從句中具體的句子成分，有這樣用法的引導(dǎo)詞只能是that。例 we’llgocamtomorrowdependsonthe [答疑500220011721]引導(dǎo)詞if不能用于引導(dǎo)主語從句。例：Itisprettywellunderstoodcontrolstheflowofcarbondioxideinandouttheatmospheretoday. [答疑500220011722]在該主語從句中引導(dǎo)詞要作主語，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有what可以充當(dāng)名詞性從句的主語。時(shí)也可用who/whom）。區(qū)分it作形式主語指代主語從句與it引導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的有效技巧是：將“Itbethat例如：Itwasmysuggestionthatmadehimconfidentofsuccess.正是建議使他對(duì)去掉itbe和that后可以構(gòu)成完整的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的原型“Mysuggestionmadehimconfidentofsuccess.”，因此本句屬于強(qiáng)調(diào)句。Itismysuggestionthatheneedsmorepractice.他需要的練習(xí)是建議itbethatMysuggestionheneedsmorepractice屬于it作形式主語的主語從句。answer,hope,facttruth,belief,news,idea,promise,information,conclusion,order,suggestion,problem,question,thought,report,belief,decision,doubt,opinion,theory等抽象名詞。例如：例：Thereismuch Billwillrecoverfromhisinjuryintimeforthe [答疑500220011801]『答案解析』下劃線處引導(dǎo)chance的同位語從句，說明可能性的具體內(nèi)容，應(yīng)填入that。 uncleatair[答疑『答案解析』“hehadtomeethisuncleattheairport”本身是完整的陳述句，用以說明reason的具體內(nèi)容，應(yīng)用that引導(dǎo)該同位語從句。例：Doris’successliesinthefact sheiscooperativeandeagertolearnfrom [答疑500220011803]例：Awarmthoughtsuddenlycametome Imightusethepocketmoneytobuysomeflowersformymother’sbirthday. [答疑500220011804]thoughtthat例：Thereisanewprobleminvolvedinthepopularityofprivateears that;tobewhich;tobewhere;when;[答疑填入表動(dòng)作的tobeimproved注意：本題中problem的同位語從句thatroadconditionsneedtobeimproved與problem之間由problem的后置定語involvedinthepopularityofprivateearsHegotthenewsfromMarythatthesportsmeetingwasputWordcamethatHusseinhadbeencaptured.第十三節(jié)定語從句Sheisalovelygirl.Sheisgirlalwayswithonherface.她是一個(gè)總是面帶笑容Sheisagirlwhoisreadytohelpherclammates.她是一個(gè)非常樂意幫助同學(xué)的Sheisthewomanwholivesnextdoor.她就是住在隔壁的那位婦女。Everythingthatcanbedonehasbeendone.能夠做的done修飾的是前面的名詞everything。ThosewhowanttocomecansignyournameshereTheTowerofLondon,wheresomanypeoplelosttheirlives,isnowatouristShemarriedJoe,whichsurprisedeveryone.她了喬，這使每個(gè)人都感到非常驚訝that,which,who,whomwhose,as。它們一方面代替定語從句Pleaseshowmethewords.Youhavewritten做賓語Pleaseshowmethewords.Youhavewrittenwhich/Pleaseshowmethewordsthat（which）youhaveIsawagirl.ShewasstandingattheschoolIsawagirl.thatwasstandingattheschoolgate.Isawagirlthatwasstandingattheschoolgate.我看到了站在學(xué)習(xí)門口的那個(gè)Thecompanyofficialreceivedaraise.IthoughthewouldbeThecompanyofficialreceivedaraise.IthoughtwhowouldbeThecompanyofficialwhoIthoughtwouldbefiredreceivedaraise.我本來認(rèn)為會(huì)被開Thecompany Ithoughtwouldbefiredreceiveda [答疑500220011901]選擇C。Themaniswalkingalongthestreet.IsawhimThemaniswalkingalongthestreet.Isawwhomyesterday.ThemanwhomIsawyesterdayiswalkingalongthestreet.TheinvestigationwasmadebyJohn.ItsresultswillsoonbeTheinvestigationwasmadebyJohn.whoseresultswillsoonbepublished.TheinvestigationwhoseresultswillsoonbepublishedwasmadebyJohn.4）as的用法ThisisthesamebagasIlostyesterday.Heisnotthesamemanashewas.Frank’sdreamwastohavehisownshop.HecansellhisfavoriteproductsinFrank’sdreamwastohavehisownshop.HecansellhisfavoriteproductsinFrank’sdreamwastohavehisownshopwhichHecansellhisfavoriteproductsFrank’sdreamwastohavehisownshopinwhichhecansellhisfavorite Dscienceandphilosophy.[答疑500220011902]應(yīng)當(dāng)inwhich例：Weneedachairman A.forwhomeveryonehasconfidence B.inwhomeveryonehasconfidenceC.whoeveryonehasconfidence D.whomeveryonehasconfidence[答疑心；信任”要用haveconfidenceinsomebody，所以做定語，應(yīng)該用achairmaninwhom…h(huán)asconfidence。介詞是表示范圍的介詞，如：in/over/among/of例：Livinginthewesternpartofthecountryhasitsproblems,obtainingfreshwaterisnottheleast.A.withwhichB.forC.ofwhich [答疑500220011904]例：Heinvitedmanyscientiststohisbirthdayparty,manyof werehisold [答疑500220012001]老同學(xué)?！边@里很自然地會(huì)有manyofwhommanyofthem的選擇。例：TheUnitedStatesiscomposedoffiftystates,twoof areseparatedfromtheothersbylandorwater.（2003.4） [答疑500220012002]例：Thewriterhaspublishedmany arewellreceivedbytheA.noneofwhom B.allofwhichC.neitherof D.oneof[答疑是物books，所以選項(xiàng)A、C是錯(cuò)誤的。選項(xiàng)D的錯(cuò)誤之處在于，定語從句中的系動(dòng)詞用的是復(fù)數(shù)are,oneofwhichB等不定代詞時(shí)，或者是由every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等修飾時(shí) theydoeverydayissitinsideandstudy. [答疑500220012004]不用which。TheplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBig例：Thisisoneofthebest onthesubject.thathaveeverbeenwhichhaveeverbeenthathaseverbeenwhateverhavebeenwritten[答疑500220012005]theonlyoneof…時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞要使用單thevery,theonly例：TomistheonlymanIwantto [答疑500220012006]例：Thecarranoveradaboy justcrossingthestreet.A.thosewere B.thatwereC.thatwas [答疑500220012007]用復(fù)數(shù)，所以要選thatwere。Iwillnevefetthetenyears.WeworkedtogetherinthetenIwillnevef etthetenyears.Weworkedtogetherwhen.Iwillneve etthetenyearswhenweworked例：Thetimewill mancanflytoouterspacefreely. C.inthat [答疑500220012008]whenthetime，同時(shí)又在后面的定語從句中做時(shí)間狀語。但這個(gè)定語從句沒有直接跟在先行詞thetime的后面，而是放在了謂語動(dòng)詞come的后面，這例：Anoldfriendfrom Iwasexpectingtostaywith,ephonedmethe[答疑介詞with的賓語。例：Hehasmadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery, A.whichIthinkitis B.ofwhichIthinkitisC.Ithinkwhichis D.whichIthinkis[答疑500220012010]Ithink作為語使用。例：Helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungerchildthanshewastotheothers， ofcourse,madetheothersjealous. [答疑500220012011]一般as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)，其先行詞為整個(gè)主句。which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，其先which例：TheBritisharenotsofamiliarwithdifferentculturesandotherwaysofngthings,isoftenthecaseinothercountries. [答疑500220012012] mightbeexpected,theresponsetothequestionwasverymixed. 時(shí)，選擇關(guān)系代詞（who,whom,that,which,whose）；先行詞在從句中做狀語時(shí)，應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系副詞（where地點(diǎn)狀語，when時(shí)間狀語，why原因狀語）。I'llnever etthedayswhenIworkedtogetherwith（錯(cuò)）ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIvisitedlast（錯(cuò)）IwillneverfetthedayswhenIspentinthe（對(duì)）Thisisthemountainvillage（which）Ivisitedlast（對(duì)）I'llneverfetthedays（which）Ispentinthethesame…assuch…Ourcompanywon'temploysuchgraduatesasyou I'mdeterminedtobuysuchaflatasyouarenowlivingin.可以用whether、how等連詞引導(dǎo)（定語從句則不能）。例：Alongwiththeletterwashispromisehewouldvisitmethiscoming [答疑500220012014]“thathewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmaspromise賓語或者表語，充當(dāng)定語從句中賓語的that經(jīng)?？杀皇÷裕?。Iwon’tbelievethefactthatheliedtohisIwon’tbelievethefactthathetoldme.我不愿相信他告訴事實(shí)例：Therearesigns restaurantsare ingmorepopularwithfamilies. C.inwhich 第十四節(jié)例：Hehadtofinishthework A.hadn’the B.hadhe C.didn’the [答疑500220012101]I'mastallasyoursister,aren'tI?Iwishtohaveawordwithyou,mayI?與你說句話，行嗎no,nothing,nobody,never,few,seldom,hardlyrarelylittle例：Shescarcelycaresforanything, B.does C.is D.isn't[答疑例：Younevertoldmeyouhaveseenthefilm, A.hadyou B.didn’tyou C.didyou D.weren’tyou[答疑Heoughttoknowwhattodo,oughhe?/shouldn'the?他應(yīng)該知道該做什么，對(duì)嗎haveto+v.（hadtov.）don't（didn't）。Wehavetogetthereateighttomorrowdon't Heusedtotakepicturesthere,didn'the?usedn'the?hadbetterv.hadn'tyou?You'dbetterreaditbyyourself,hadn'tyou?Hewouldratherreadittentimesthanreciteit,wouldn'theYou'dliketo+v.wouldn'tYou'dliketogowithme,wouldn'tyou?你想和我一塊去，對(duì)嗎？10）陳述部分有must，疑問部分根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。例如：Hemustbeadoctor,isn'the?Hemusthavefinishedityesterday,didn'the?Whatbeautifulcolors,aren'tthey?NeitheryounorIamanengineer,arewe?everything,that,nothing,this,it。例如：Everythingisready,isn'tit?HesaidhewantedtovisitJapan,didn'the?他說他想去看看，是嗎Idon'tthinkheisbright,ishe?Webelieveshecantbetter,can'tshe?相信她能做得更好，她能嗎？例：Isupposeyou’renotserious, A.don’tI B.C.areyou [答疑500220012207]例：Idon’tthinkyou’veheardofhimbefore, A.don’tI B.C.haveyou D.haven’tyou[答疑500220012105]否定詞not移到了主句中，因此反問時(shí)要使用肯定形式。everybody,anyone,somebody,nobody,noone常用復(fù)數(shù)they，有時(shí)也用單數(shù)he。Weneednottagain,needwe?不必重做一遍，是嗎？Hedarenotsayso,darehe?Shedoesn'tdaretogohomealone,doesshe?Don'tdothatagain,willyou?別再那樣做，好嗎？例：Don'tfettowritetome, A.doyou B.won’tyou [答疑500220012106]注意：Let's開頭的祈使句，后用shallwe?Let'sgoandlistentothemusic,shallweLetuswaitforyouinthereading-room,willyou?在閱覽室等你，好嗎？例：Pleaseletushavemoretime, A.shall B.willC.won’tyou D.don'tyou[答疑500220012107]Thereissomethingwrongwithyourwatch,isn'tthere?Therewillnotbeanytrouble,willthere?不會(huì)有麻煩，是嗎？例：Therewon’tbeanyconcertthisSaturdayevening, A.willtherenot B.willthere C.isthere D.willitbe[答疑500220012108]Itisimpossible,isn'tit?Heisnotunkindtohisclassmates,ishe?SheisfondofcollectingThefoodwasgood,buthehadlittleand,both....andnotonly...butalso...,等連接。Hisfatherisalawyerandhismotherisateacher.轉(zhuǎn)折并列句常由并列連詞but,while,yet,whereas,nevertheless,however等連接。Historyisarecordofmankind;differenthistorians,,interpretitdifferently. B.onthecontrary [答疑500220012109]【例句】EitheryouleavethishouseorI’llcalltheItwaslate,sowewentorandifHurryup,andwe’llbethereintime.=Ifwehurryup,we’llbethereinHurryup,orwe’llbe,A.Havingbeenill B.BeingillC.Thoughhewasill D.Hewasill[答疑500220012110]Wedividetheworkbetweenus,LithefloorandI thewindows.A.sweep,clean B.sweep,cleansC.sweeps,toclean D.tosweep,toclean[答疑500220012111]第十五節(jié)倒裝句here,therenow,thenbe,come,exist,fallfollow,go,lie,remain,seem,standUnderthattreesitsabeautifulgirl例：fromthetenthfloorwhenthemanpointedhispistolathim.A.JumpeddowntheburglarB.DowntheburglarjumpedC.Theburglarjumpsdown D.Downjumpedtheburglar[答疑500220012201]『答案解析』DownjumpedtheburglarDown謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)位于主語之前。CTheburglarjumpsdownneither,notonly,hardlyscarcelylittleseldomrarelynotuntilnowhere,atnotime,innosense,bynomeans,undernocircumstance。如：LittledidweexpectthathewouldfulfillhistasksoNotuntilyesterdaydidlittleJohnchangehismind.（小約翰直到昨天才改變了主意。）例：NotuntilIremindedhimforthethirdtimeworkingandlookedup.（2000）A.thathestoppedB.doeshestoppedC.didhestop D.thathestopped[答疑500220012202] theimportanceofwearingseatbeltswhiledriving.（1996）A.LittletheyrealizeB.TheylittledorealizetlerealizedotheyD.Littledotheyrealize[答疑500220012203]以only修飾狀語（副詞，介詞短語，狀語從句）開頭的句子，句子的主謂要部分倒裝：onlythen,onlyatthattime,onlyonce,onlyinthisway,onlywith,onlythrough,onlyby,onlywhen,onlyafter,onlybecause。如：例：Onlywhenyouhaveobtainedsufficientdometoasoundconclusion.A.canyou B.wouldyouC.youwill [答疑500220012204]例：Onlyunderspecialcircumstances totakemake-uptests.A.arefreshmenB.freshmenarepermittedC.permittedarefreshmenD.arepermittedfreshmen[答疑500220012205]A.arefreshmenpermitted。OnlyafterhehadspokenouttheworddidherealizehehadmadeabigNomatterhowbusyheis,hehastoattendtheHowevercolditis,healwaysgoes例：Ididn’tfinishreadingthatFrenchbook,neither A.didhe B.didn’the C.hedid [答疑500220012206]readthatFrenchbook例：Sheneverlaughed, losehertemper.A.orsheeverdid B.nordidsheeverC.ordidsheever D.norsheeverdid[答疑neverlosthertemper,eitherSounreasonablewashispricethateverybodystartled.他的要價(jià)如此之高，令每個(gè)人都例：So

aboutstockexchangethatthelecturewascompleybeyondA.didIknow B.Ihadknown C.Iknew D.wasIknow[答疑500220012208]例 youwerebusy,Iwouldn’thavebotheredyouwithmyquestions.IfIHadIDidIhaverealizedAsI[答疑事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣，從句從省略了if，把助動(dòng)詞had提到了句子前面。 ,Ishouldaskthemsomequestions.（1997）A.Shouldtheycometous B.IftheycometousC.Weretheycometous D.Hadtheycometous[答疑第十六節(jié)主謂一致例：Whenandwherethenewhospitalwillbe amystery.A.toD.isTwoweekswastooFivetimesfivemakestwenty表示學(xué)科的名詞physics（物理），maths（數(shù)學(xué)），以及news（），means（方法Everymeanshasbeentried.每式都試過了例：Thenewscomingfromdifferentpartsoftheworldareoftenextremelydiscouragingthesedays.（2000） [答疑anumberof+thenumberof+可數(shù)或例：Anumberoferrorsmadebyhimwassurprising. [答疑500220012303]例：Anumberof infrontofmyA.wasparked B.werepark C.isparking D.areparked[答疑500220012304]every…andevery…，manya…and…結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Manyasingeranddanceristoattendoureveningparty. Inourcountryeveryboyandeverygirlhastherighttoreceiveeducation. Breadandbutterisourdailyfood.Timeandtidewaitsfornoman.lawandordersoapandwateracupandsaucerforkandknifetheneedleandthreadhorseandcarriage馬車timeandtide歲月breadandbuttertheebbandflow例：Iflawandordernotp,neitherthecitizennorhispropertyis [答疑500220012305]and,both…and,both,afew,many,severalFewpeopleknowheandIwereclassmateswhenwewereatcollege.Thecattlearegrazinginthesunshine.牛群在陽光下吃草.3）TheJapanesewereonceveryaggressive.人曾經(jīng)非常具有性。4）Thericharenotalwaysselfish.Threemilliontonsofcoalwereexportedthatyear.3either…orneither…norwhetherornotonly…but（also）Neithermoneynorfamehasinfluenceonme.Notonlyyoubutalsoheiswrong.aswellas,togetherwith,alongwith,including，suchas,例：Theteacher,aswellasallhis bythedancer’sA.wasimpressed B.hadimpressed [答疑500220012306]復(fù)數(shù)形式與theteacher一致。Therearemanyvaluableserviceswhichthepublicarewillingtopayfor,butdonotbringareturninmoneytothe動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，反之就用單數(shù)。這些短語包括：alotof/lotsof;plentyof/heapsof;halfof;two-third（three-fourth…）of;eighty（ten,twenty…）percent;partof;restof;noneofTwo-thirdsofpeoplepresentarewomen.Lotsofdamagewascausedbythefire.（樂隊(duì)）,ernment,group,,public,team,troop（），crowd（人群）,Thefamilyisthebasicunitofoursociety.家庭是社會(huì)的最基本單位。（強(qiáng)調(diào)“家ThefamilywerewatchingtheTV.（Theaudienceweregreatlymovedatthewords.（強(qiáng)調(diào)“每一位觀強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的結(jié)構(gòu)為：Itis（was）+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that（who）…，強(qiáng)調(diào)句型可以強(qiáng)調(diào)除謂語動(dòng)Tombrokethewindowwithastoneyesterday.變?yōu)閺?qiáng)調(diào)句型后，可ItwasTomwhobrokethewindowwithastoneItwasthewindowthatTombrokewithastoneItwaswithastonethatTombrokethewindowItwasyesterdaythatTombrokethewindowwitha例：Itisbecausesheisverydevotedtoherstudentssheisrespectedby B.which [答疑500220012401]述句：Sheisrespectedbythembecausesheisverydevotedtoherstudents.例：ItisdrivingontheleftwhatcausesvisitorstoBritainthemost [答疑述句：DrivingontheleftcausesvisitorstoBritainthemosttrouble.如果原句的謂語動(dòng)詞是過去時(shí)態(tài)，則用Itwas…that/who…。ItisIthat/whoamgoingtotheparkthisSunday.ItwasIthatputforwardtheItwasintheparkthatImetheryesterday.（強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語）ItwasyesterdaythatImetherinthepark.（強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語Itwas8O’clock wegotthere.Itwasat8O’clock wegotthere.that，本句是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，可以變?yōu)殛愂鼍洌篧egotthereat8O’clock.例：Itwasthere,thebelieve, she