2022年考研考博-考博英語-中國傳媒大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號40

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-中國傳媒大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Themajorityofsuccessfulseniormanagersdonotcloselyfollowtheclassicalrationalmodeloffirstclarifyinggoals,assessingtheproblem,formulatingoptions,estimatinglikelihoodsofsuccess,makingadecision,andonlythentakingactiontoimplementthedecision.Rather,intheirday-by-daytacticalmaneuvers,theseseniorexecutivesrelyonwhatisvaguelytermed"intuition"tomanageanetworkofinterrelatedproblemsthatrequirethemtodealwithambiguity,inconsistency,novelty,andsurprise;andtointegrateactionintotheprocessofthinking.

Generationsofwritersonmanagementhaverecognizedthatsomepracticingmanagersrelyheavilyonintuition.Ingeneral,however,suchwritersdisplayapoorgraspofwhatintuitionis.Someseeitastheoppositeofrationality;othersviewitasanexcuseforcapriciousness.

Isenberg’srecentresearchonthecognitiveprocessesofseniormanagersrevealsthatmanagers’intuitionisneitherofthese.Rather,seniormanagersuseintuitioninatleastfivedistinctways.First,theyintuitivelysensewhenaproblemexists.Second,managersrelyonintuitiontoperform,well-learnedbehavior,patternsrapidly.Thisintuitionisnotarbitraryorirrational,butisbasedonyearsofpainstakingpracticeandhands-onexperiencethatbuildskills.Athirdfunctionofintuitionistosynthesizeisolatedbitsofdataandpracticeintoanintegratedpicture,ofteninan"Aha!”experience.Fourth,somemanagersuseintuitionasacheckontheresultsofmorerationalanalysis.Mostseniorexecutivesarefamiliarwiththeformaldecisionanalysismodelsandtools,andthosewhousesuchsystematicmethodsforreachingdecisionsareoccasionallyleeryofsolutionssuggestedbythesemethodswhichruncountertotheirsenseofthecorrectcourseofaction.Finally,managerscanuseintuitiontobypassin-depthanalysisandmoverapidlytoengenderaplausiblesolution.Usedinthisway,intuitionisanalmostinstantaneouscognitiveprocessinwhichamanagerrecognizespatterns.

Oneoftheimplicationsoftheintuitivestyleofexecutivemanagementisthat“thinking”isinseparablefromacting.Sincemanagersoften“know”whatisrightbeforetheycananalyzeandexplainit,theyfrequentlyactfirstandexplainlater.Analysisisinextricablytiedtoactioninthinking/actingcycles,inwhichmanagersdevelopthoughtsabouttheircompaniesandorganizationsnotbyanalyzingaproblematicsituationandthenacting,butbyactingandanalyzingincloseconcert.

Giventhegreatuncertaintyofmanyofthemanagementissuesthattheyface,seniormanagersofteninstigateacourseofactionsimplytolearnmoreaboutanissue.Theythenusetheresultsoftheactiontodevelopamorecompleteunderstandingoftheissue.Oneimplicationofthinking/actingcyclesisthatactionisoftenpartofdefiningtheproblem,notjustofimplementingthesolution.

1.Accordingtothetext,seniormanagersuseintuitioninallofthefollowingwaysEXCEPTto（）.

2.Thetextsuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutthewritersonmanagementmentionedinline1,paragraph2?

3.ItcanbeinferredfromthetextthatwhichofthefollowingwouldmostprobablybeonemajordifferenceinbehaviorbetweenManagerX,whousesintuitiontoreachdecisions,andManagerY,whousesonlyformaldecisionanalysis?

4.Thetextprovidessupportforwhichofthefollowingstatements?

5.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationofthefirstparagraphofthetext?

問題1選項

A.speedupofthecreationofasolutiontoaproblem

B.identifyaproblem

C.bringtogetherdisparatefacts

D.stipulatecleargoals

問題2選項

A.Theyhavecriticizedmanagersfornotfollowingtheclassicalrationalmodelofdecisionanalysis.

B.Theyhavenotbasedtheiranalysesonasufficientlylargesampleofactualmanagers.

C.Theyhavereliedindrawingtheirconclusionsonwhatmanagerssayratherthanonwhatmanagersdo.

D.Theyhavemisunderstoodhowmanagersuseintuitioninmakingbusinessdecisions

問題3選項

A.ManagerXanalyzesfirstandthenacts;ManagerYdoesnot.

B.ManagerXcheckspossiblesolutionstoaproblembysystematicanalysis;ManagerYdoesnot.

C.ManagerXtakesactioninordertoarriveatthesolutiontoaproblem;ManagerYdoesnot.

D.ManagerXdrawsonyearsofhands-onexperienceincreatingasolutiontoaproblem;ManagerXdoesnot

問題4選項

A.Managerswhorelyonintuitionaremoresuccessfulthanthosewhorelyonformaldecisionanalysis

B.Managercannotjustifytheirintuitivedecisions

C.Managerintuitionworkscontrarytotheirrationalandanalyticalskills

D.Intuitionenablesmanagerstoemploytheirpracticalexperiencemoreefficiently

問題5選項

A.Anassertionismadeandaspecificsupportingexampleisgiven.

B.Aconventionalmodelisdismissedandanalternativeintroduced.

C.Theresultsofrecentresearchareintroducedandsummarized.

D.Twoopposingpointsofviewarepresentedandevaluated.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:1.推理判斷題。由題干中關(guān)鍵詞seniormanagers定位到文章第三段。第三段說到seniormanagers在五個不同方面使用直覺，其中第一點、第三點和第五點分別對一個選項B、C和A，因此D選項符合題意。

第2題:2.推理判斷題。本題定位段十分明確。A選項“他們批評管理人員沒有遵循經(jīng)典的理性決策模式”源自本段中“Someseeitastheoppositeofrationality”，一些作者認(rèn)為直覺位于理性決策的對立面，但并未提及這些作者批評管理人員的行為；B選項“他們的分析并沒有建立在足夠大的實際管理者樣本的基礎(chǔ)上”在本段中并未提及；C選項“他們依賴于管理者說了什么得出結(jié)論，而不是管理者做了什么”同樣并未提及；D選項“他們誤解了管理者在做商業(yè)決策時是如何利用直覺的”，由第三段開頭可知，之前的這些作者都沒有認(rèn)識到管理人員在決策過程中是如何使用直覺的，說明第二段中提到的幾點都只是這些作者們的誤解，所以D選項正確。

第3題:3.推理判斷題。本題比較的關(guān)鍵是靠直覺決策與分析后決策。第一段就對這兩個類型做了比較。A選項“經(jīng)理X首先分析，然后采取行動”這個類型對應(yīng)的是第一段提到的分析后決策類管理者，排除A選項；B選項“X經(jīng)理通過系統(tǒng)分析來檢查問題的可能解決方案”同樣對應(yīng)分析決策類管理者的行為；D選項“經(jīng)理X利用多年的實踐經(jīng)驗為問題創(chuàng)建解決方案”，說到“實踐經(jīng)驗”顯然與“直覺”相違背；只有C選項“經(jīng)理X采取行動，以達(dá)到問題的解決方案”符合第一段第二句中對于依靠直覺決策的管理者的描述，因此C選項正確。

第4題:4.推理判斷題。A選項“依賴直覺的管理者比依賴正式?jīng)Q策分析的管理者更成功”是對文章用意的歪曲，第一段第一句說到“Themajorityofsuccessfulseniormanagersdonotcloselyfollowtheclassicalrationalmodel…”，大多數(shù)成功的高級管理者并沒有遵循經(jīng)典的理性分析模式，但下文是針對大多數(shù)高級管理人員的決策模式講解，并沒有比較兩種模式之間誰更成功；B選項“管理者無法證明他們的直覺決定是正確的”在文中沒有對應(yīng)表述；C選項“管理者的直覺與他們的理性和分析能力背道而馳”，有悖于第三段中第四點的描述，這些管理者實際依然擁有理性分析能力；D選項“直覺使管理者能夠更有效地運用他們的實踐經(jīng)驗”對應(yīng)第三段第二點，他們依靠多年時間磨練和親身體驗培養(yǎng)出的技能做出直覺判斷，也就是說他們能高效運用實踐經(jīng)驗。

第5題:5.篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。文章第一段，顯然是先給出了傳統(tǒng)模式，再拋出新的模式，B選項“傳統(tǒng)的模型被摒棄，取而代之的是另一種模型”符合文意。A選項“給出了一個斷言并給出了一個具體的支持示例”；C選項“介紹和總結(jié)了近年來的研究成果”；D選項“提出并評價了兩種相反的觀點”。

2.單選題

Afterreceivingthenews,immediate（）wastakenbythelocalgovernmenttostopthediseasespreading.

問題1選項

A.activity

B.adventure

C.action

D.measure

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。activity“活動”；adventure“冒險”；action“活動，行動”；measure“測量，措施”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞take可知此處是表示“采取措施”，因此選項D符合題意。句意：接到消息后，當(dāng)?shù)卣⒖滩扇〈胧┓乐辜膊÷印?/p>

3.單選題

Thisrockhastobe（）inordertobuildaroad.

問題1選項

A.explored

B.blasted

C.hired

D.maintained

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項explore“探索；探測”；B選項blast“爆炸；損害”；C選項hire“租用；聘用”；D選項maintain“維持；繼續(xù)；維修”。句意：為了修路，必須炸掉這塊巖石。根據(jù)“為了修路”可知，B符合題意。

4.翻譯題

AMessontheLadderofSuccess1.ThroughoutAmericanhistory,therehasalmostalwaysbeenatleastonecentraleconomicnarrativethatgavetheambitiousorunsatisfiedreasontopackupandseektheirfortuneelsewhere.Forthefirst300orsoyearsofEuropeansettlement,thestorywasaboutmovingoutwards:gettingimmigrantstothecontinentandthentothefrontiertocleartheprairies,drainthewetlandsandbuildnewcities.

Bytheendofthe19thcentury,asthefrontiervanished,theUShadamildpanicattack.2.whatwouldthisenergetic,enterprisingcountrybewithoutnewlandstoconquer?Somepeople,suchasTeddyRoosevelt,decidedtokeeponconquering(Cuba,thePhilippines,etc.),buteventually,inindustrialization,theUSfoundanewnarrativeofeconomicmobilityathome.Fromthe1890stothe1960s,peoplemovedfromfarmtocity,firstintheNorthandthenintheSouth.Infact,bythe1950s,therewasenoughprosperityandwhite-collarworkthatmanybegantomovetothesuburbs.Asthepopulationaged,therewasalsoashiftfromthecoldRustBelttothecomfortsoftheSunBelt.Wethinkofthisasanoldperson’smigration,butitcreatedmanyjobsfortheyounginconstructionandhealthcare,nottomentiontourism,retailandrestaurants.

Forthelast20yearsfromtheendofthecoldwarthroughtwoburstbubblesinasingledecade,theUShasbeencastingaboutforitsnexteconomicnarrative.Andnowitisexperiencinganotherperiodofpanic,whichisbadnewsformuchoftheworkforcebutparticularlyforitsyoungestmembers.

TheUShasalwaysbeenaremarkablemobilecountry,butnewdatafromtheCensusBureauindicatethatmobilityhasreacheditslowestlevelinrecordedhistory.Sure,somepeoplearestuckinhomesvaluedatlessthantheirmortgages,butmanyyoungpeoplewhodon’townhomesanddon'tyethavefamilies—arestayingput,too.Thissuggests,amongotherthings,thatpeoplearen’tpackingupforneweconomicopportunitiesthewaytheyusedto.Ratherthandividingthecountryintothe1percentersversuseveryoneelse,thesplitinoureconomyisreallybetweentwootherclasses:themobileandimmobile.

Partoftheproblemisthatcountry’slargestindustriesareindecline.Inthepast,itwasperfectlyclearwhereyoungpeopleshouldgoforwork(Chicagointhe1870s,Detroitinthe1910s,Houstoninthe1970s)and,moreorless,whatthey’dbedoingwhentheygotthere(killingcattle,buildingcars,sellingoil).3.Andtheseindustrieswerelargeenoughtoofferjobstoeachclassofworker,fromunskilledlaborertomanagerorengineer.Today,thefewbrightspotsinoureconomyarerelativelysmall(thoughsomepromisefuturegrowth)anddecentralized.TherearegreatjobsinSiliconValley,inthebiotechresearchcapitalsofBostonandRaleigh-Durhamandinadvancedmanufacturingplantsalongthesouthern1-85corridor.Thesecompaniesrecruitalloverthecountryandtheglobeforworkerswithspecificabilities.4.Youdon’tneedtobethenextMarkZuckerberg,founderofFacebook,togetajobinoneofthemicrohubs,bytheway.ButyouwillalmostcertainlyneedatleastaB.A.incomputerscienceorayearortwoatatechnicalschool.Thisnewer,selectjobmarketisnational,anditoffersmembersofthemobileclasscompetitivesalariesandhigherbargainingpower.

Manymembersoftheimmobileclass,ontheotherhand,liveintheAmericaofthegloomyheadlines.Ifyouhavenospecializedskills,there'slittlereasontouproottoanotherstateandbethelastinlineforalow-payingjobatanewautoplantoragreen-energystartup.Thesurpriseinthecensusdata,however,isthattheimmobileworkforceisnotlimitedtounskilledworkers.Infact,manyhaveacollegedegree.

Untilnow,aB.A.inanysubjectwasanear-guaranteeofatleastmiddle-classwages.Buttoday,aquarterofcollegegraduatesmakelessthanthetypicalworkswithoutabachelor’sdegree.DavidAutor,aprominentlaboreconomistatM.I.T.,recentlytoldmethatacollegedegreealoneisnolongeraguarantorofagoodjob.5.Whilegraduatesfromtopuniversitiesarestilllikelytogetagoodjobnomatterwhattheirmajoris,hesaid,graduatesfromless-famousschoolsaregoingtobejudgedonwhattheyknow.Tocompeteforjobsonanationallevel,theyshouldbearmedwiththeskillsthatemergingindustriesneed,whethertechnicalornot.

【答案】1.縱觀美國歷史，幾乎總是至少會有一個經(jīng)濟(jì)中心的故事，讓雄心勃勃或不滿足的人有理由收拾行囊，到別處去尋找機遇。在歐洲人定居的前300年左右，這種故事是關(guān)于人口向外遷移的：讓移民先到大陸，然后再到邊疆開辟草原，排干濕地，并建造新的城市。

2.如果沒有新的土地可以征服，這個精力充沛、富有進(jìn)取精神的國家將會怎樣？有些人，比如泰迪?羅斯福，決定繼續(xù)征服(古巴、菲律賓等地)，但最終，在工業(yè)化的進(jìn)程中，美國在國內(nèi)發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個新的關(guān)于經(jīng)濟(jì)流動的故事。

3.而且這些行業(yè)的規(guī)模足夠大，可以為各個階層的工人提供工作，從非技術(shù)工人到經(jīng)理或工程師。但是今天，我們經(jīng)濟(jì)中為數(shù)不多的亮點相對較小(盡管一些亮點未來可能會增長)，而且是分散管理的。

4.順便說一下，你不需要成為下一個Facebook的創(chuàng)始人馬克?扎克伯格(MarkZuckerberg)，也能在微軟中心找到一份工作。但幾乎可以肯定的是，你至少需要計算機科學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位或在技術(shù)學(xué)校待過一兩年。這個新興的擇業(yè)市場是全國性的，它為流動階層的成員提供了有競爭力的薪資和更高的議價權(quán)力。

5.他稱，盡管那些頂尖大學(xué)的畢業(yè)生不論他們學(xué)的專業(yè)是什么，都有可能找到一份好工作，但那些不知名學(xué)校的畢業(yè)生將會根據(jù)他們所學(xué)的知識來接受評判。為了在全國范圍內(nèi)競爭工作崗位，他們應(yīng)該具備新興產(chǎn)業(yè)所需要的技能，無論是技術(shù)性的還是非技術(shù)性的。

5.單選題

His（）keepshimfromtakingpartinsports.

問題1選項

A.prosperity

B.punctuality

C.humor

D.sloth

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項prosperity“繁榮，成功”；B選項punctuality“嚴(yán)守時間；正確”；C選項humor“幽默，詼諧”；D選項sloth“怠惰，懶惰。句意：他因懶散而不參加體育運動。根據(jù)句意“不參加體育運動”可知D項正確。

6.單選題

MaryandJohnarebusylookingforahotelfortheirwedding（）.

問題1選項

A.meal

B.banquet

C.refreshment

D.snack

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項meal“一頓飯”；B選項banquet“宴會，盛宴”；C選項refreshment“飲料，小食”；D選項snack“點心，小吃”。句意：瑪麗和約翰正忙著為他們的婚宴找一家酒店。根據(jù)“wedding”可知這里應(yīng)該選用一個比較正式的詞，故選B項，表示“婚宴”。

7.單選題

Asyouareplanningforavacation,Isuggestyougotoatravelagencyandaskforaholiday（）.

問題1選項

A.introduction

B.advertisement

C.book

D.brochure

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。introduction“介紹，前言，入門”；advertisement“廣告”；book“書”；brochure“小冊子，手冊”。句意：由于你準(zhǔn)備度假，我建議你去旅行社找本假日手冊。選項D符合題意。

8.單選題

Moderntechnologyhasputmenonthemoonanddecipheredthehumangenome.Butwhenitcomestobrewingupflutomakevaccines,sciencestillturnstotheincredibleedibleegg.Eversincethe1940s,vaccinemakershavegrownlargebatchesofvirusinsidechickeneggs.Butgiventhatsome36,000Americansdieofflueachyear,it’sremarkablethatourfirstlineofdefenseisstillwhatSecretaryofHealthandHumanServicesTommyThompsoncalls"thecumbersomeandarchaicegg-basedproduction."Newcell-basedtechnologiesareinthepipeline,however,andmayfinallygetthesupporttheyneednowthattheUnitedStatesisfacedwithacriticalshortageoffluvaccine.Althoughexpertsdisagreeonwhethernewwaysofproducingvaccinecouldhavepreventedashortageliketheonehappeningtoday,thereisnodoubtthattheexistingsystemhasseriousflaws.

Eachyear,vaccinemanufacturersplaceadvanceordersformillionsofspeciallygrownchickeneggs.Meanwhile,public-healthofficialsmonitorcirculatingstrainsofflu,andeachMarchtheyrecommendthreestrains—twoinfluenzaAstrainsandoneBstrain—formanufacturerstoincludeinvaccines.Inthelatespringandsummer,automatedmachinesinjectvirusintoeggsandlatersuckouttheinfluenza-richgoop.Virusfromtheeggs’innardsgetskilledandprocessedtoremoveeggproteinsandothercontaminantsbeforebeingpackagedintovialsforfallshipment.

Whyhasthiseggmethodpersistedforsixdecades?Themainreasonisthatit’sreliable.Buteventhoughtheeggsarereliable,theyhaveseriousdrawbacks.Oneisthelongleadtimeneededtoordertheeggs.Thatmeansit’shardtomakemorevaccineinahurry,incaseofashortageorunexpectedoutbreak.Andeggsmaysimplybetoocumbersometokeepupwiththehundredsofmillionsofdosesrequiredtohandlethedemandforfluvaccine.

What’smore,someflustrainsdon’tgrowwellineggs.Lastyear,scientistswereunabletoincludetheFujianstraininthevaccineformulation.Itwasarelativelynewstrain,andmanufacturerssimplycouldn’tfindaquickwaytoadaptitsothatitgrewwellineggs.“Weknewthestrainwasoutthere,”recallsTheodoreEickhoffoftheUniversityofColoradoHealthSciencesCenter,“butpublic-healthofficialswereleftwithoutavaccine---and,consequently,amoreseverefluseason.”

Worse,thevirusesthatposethegreatestthreatmightbehardesttogrowineggs.That’sbecauseglobalpandemicsliketheonethatkilledover50millionpeoplebetween1918and1920arethoughttooccurwhenabirdinfluenzachangesinawaythatletsitcrossthespeciesbarrierandinfecthumans.Sincehumanshaven’tencounteredthenewvirusbefore,theyhavelittleprotectiveimmunity.ThedeadlybirdflucirculatinginAsiain1997and1998,forexample,worriedpublic-healthofficialsbecauseitspreadtosomepeoplewhohandledbirdsandkilledthem—althoughthebugnevercirculatedamonghumans.Butwhenscientiststriedtomakevaccinetheold-fashionedway,thebirdfluquicklykilledtheeggs.

1.Themoon-landingismentionedinthefirstparagraphtoillustrate（）.

2.Whatstepisessentialtothetraditionalproductionoffluvaccine?

3.Theforemostreasonwhytheegg-basedmethodisdefectiveliesin（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?

5.Intheauthor’sview,thenewvaccineproductionmethodseemstobe（）.

問題1選項

A.technologycannotsolveallofourhumanproblems

B.progressinvaccineresearchforinfluenzahaslaggedbehind

C.greatachievementshavebeenmadebymeninexploringtheunknown

D.thedevelopmentofvaccineproductionmethodscannotbestopped

問題2選項

A.Manufacturersimplantthevaccineintoorderedchickeneggs.

B.Scientistsidentifytheexactstrainsoonafteraflupandemicstarts.

C.Publichealthmeasuresaretakenasanimportantpandemic-fightingtool.

D.Virusesaredeadenedandmadecleanbeforebeingputintovaccineuse.

問題3選項

A.thecomplexprocessofvaccineproduction

B.itspotentialthreattohumanbeing

C.thelowsurvivalratefornewfluvaccines

D.itscontributiontothefluvaccineshortage

問題4選項

A.Fluvaccinesnowmainlyuseegg-basedtechnology.

B.Abirdinfluenzahasoncecirculatedamonghumans.

C.Safetycanbegreatlyimprovedwithcell-culturevaccines.

D.Modernvaccineproductionmethodsaretoreplaceegg-basedmethods.

問題5選項

A.remarkable

B.criticized

C.efficient

D.accepted

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:1.作者意圖題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞themoonlanding定位到文章第一段第一句“Moderntechnologyhasputmenonthemoonanddecipheredthehumangenome”，現(xiàn)代技術(shù)已經(jīng)把人類送上了月球，并破譯了人類基因組。緊接著第二句出現(xiàn)了轉(zhuǎn)折詞but，說到涉及培養(yǎng)流感病毒生產(chǎn)疫苗時，科學(xué)家們居然還在使用可食用雞蛋。全文主要講述的是“雞蛋培育流感疫苗的方法”，因此此處提到“themoonlanding”只是以某方面的發(fā)達(dá)科技為下文論述做鋪墊，因此B選項“流感疫苗研究進(jìn)展滯后”符合題意。

第2題:2.推理判斷題。文章第二段介紹了本題說到的thetraditionalproductionoffluvaccine傳統(tǒng)的流感疫苗生產(chǎn)過程。A選項“制造商將疫苗植入訂購的雞蛋中”錯在是“automatedmachinesinjectvirus”而不是制造商；B選項“科學(xué)家在流感大流行開始后不久就確定了確切的毒株”在文中未提及確定毒株的速度；C選項“公共衛(wèi)生措施是抗擊疫情的重要手段”也未在本文提及；D選項“在投入疫苗使用之前，病毒被殺死并凈化”對應(yīng)第二段最后一句“Virusfromtheeggs’innardsgetskilledandprocessedtoremoveeggproteinsandothercontaminantsbeforebeingpackagedintovialsforfallshipment”，雞蛋內(nèi)部的病毒被殺死，經(jīng)過處理去除雞蛋蛋白和其他污染物，然后包裝成小瓶，準(zhǔn)備秋季裝運。因此D選項正確。

第3題:3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由題干可以定位到文章第四段第一句What’smore,someflustrainsdon’tgrowwellineggs.（更重要的是，有些流感病毒在雞蛋里生長不好）。C選項“新流感疫苗的低存活率”，文中說流感病毒在雞蛋中生長得不好，由此可推斷，流感疫苗的存活率低。A選項“疫苗生產(chǎn)的復(fù)雜過程”，不符合題意，可排除。B選項“它對人類的潛在威脅”，不符合題意，可排除。D選項“它導(dǎo)致了流感疫苗的短缺”，不符合題意，可排除。因此C選項正確。

第4題:4.推理判斷題。A選項“流感疫苗現(xiàn)在主要使用基于雞蛋的技術(shù)”對應(yīng)文章第一段中作者對于現(xiàn)在依然使用雞蛋生產(chǎn)流感疫苗感到不可思議，同時D選項“現(xiàn)代疫苗生產(chǎn)方法正在取代以雞蛋為基礎(chǔ)的方法”可由此排除；B選項“禽流感曾經(jīng)在人類中傳播”在文中最后一段倒數(shù)第二句中有“althoughthebugnevercirculatedamonghumans”說明這種禽流感并未在人類中傳播過，可排除；C選項“細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)疫苗可以大大提高安全性”，文中未提到新方法的安全性，因此排除C。

第5題:5.觀點態(tài)度題。此處問的是作者對于新疫苗培育方法的態(tài)度。第一段最后提到，新的細(xì)胞生產(chǎn)技術(shù)已經(jīng)投入使用，并且可能最終得到支持。因此可推斷出作者認(rèn)為這個方法是有可能被接受的。D選項accepted正確。

9.單選題

Anewwaveofmusicandartsprojectshasemerged,focusingonsomeonewhomayseemforsomeadubioussourceofinspiration.ImeldaMarcos,formerfirstladyofthePhilippines,iscurrentlybecomingthesubjectofmusical,songcyclesandshowsonaworldwidearena.

WhentheMarcosregimecollapsedin1986,andImeldaandherhusbandFerdinandwereexiledinHawaii,theycarriedwiththemallegationsofembezzlement,corruptionandhumanrightsabuses.Imeldahadspentthelasttwentyyearslivingoffaseeminglyendlesssupplyoffunds,livinganexoticandglamorouslifestyleandribbingshoulderswithpowerfulfiguresworldwide.In1972,whenthesuperstarcouple’spopularitywasfadingandtheywereatriskoflosingtheirpower,FerdinandMarcosinstatedmartial,leadingtoaneraofchaosandplunder,andwhatisdescribedbysomeasthesecondmostcorruptregimeofthetwentiethcentury.FerdinandandImeldafledin1986toescapethePeople’sPowerRevolution.Imeldaleavingbehindsome2000pairsofshoes.AfterherhusbanddiedinHawaiiduetoillhealth,ImeldastoodtrialintheUnitedStatesonbehalfofherhusband.Followingthat,thereturnedtothePhilippinestofaceseventymorecountsofcorruptionandtaxevasion.ShehasnowreturnedtocongressinthePhilippines,hermake-upandgownsasflawlessasever.

SowhatmakesImeldaMarcossuchanappealingmuse?Undoubtedly,ImeldaMarcos’sresolutecharacterwhichhaswithstoodexile,legalbattlesandthewrathofherenemiesmakesheranappealingheroine,butfilm-makerFentonBaileyattributeshericonicitytohersenseofglamourandstyle,andherroleasaculturaltrend-setter.Andlikesomanywomenwholetnothingcomebetweenthemandtheirgoals,shehasgainedacertainiconicstatus,particularlyamonghomosexuals,notunlikethatofJudyGarlandandLadyGaga.

AndnowthestoryofImeldaMarcoscanbeseenintheformatofamusical,andartisticgenrewhichisquitebefittingforthisflamboyant,entertainingfigureofbeautyandglamour.“Imelda—Anewmusical”hasplayedinLosAngelesandNewYork.Theartisticdirectorofthemusical,TimDang,realisesthatthemusicalglossesoverthedarkeraspectsoftheMarcosregime,butwantedtoportrayImeldaasapersonwithallherfaultsondisplay,leavingtheaudiencetocometoaverdict.However,despitetheglitzoftheshow,reviewsweremixed,statingthe“theserio-comicspoof...Hadavacuumatitscentre”.

ThestoryofImeldaMarcoshasalsobeenimmortalisedasasongcycle,“HereLiesLove”writtenbyDavidByrneandNormanCook,inwhichImeldacomesacrossasbothaheroandvillain.Theirreasoningwastotrytounderstandthestoryofhowpeoplecanattainpositionsofsuchpowerandgreed.TheywerealsoinspiredbyImelda’sloveofdancingandclubbing,andhowherownstyleofmusiccouldbeincorporatedintotheirown.Byrneaddsthattheirstoryisnotblackandwhite—thecouplewereverypopularatfirst,andImeldaheadedalotofpublicworksinthePhilippinesandaddedmuchtothenation’ssenseofcultureandidentity.

AttheCulturalCentreofthePhilippines,atournamed“LaVidaImelda”ledbyCarlosSedrandescribesthelifeofImeldaMarcos,thecoldwarandmartiallaw,whilealsoportrayingtheglamouroftheImeldalifestyle.Hedescribesitasaneternalstory,inwhichherextravagancecanbeseenaseitherdistastefulorinsomewaysestimable.

Thereisadangerthatthesenewartformsairbrushouttheatrocitieswhichaccompaniedtheostentationandglamour.Itwasatimewhendemocracywassuppressed,politicalenemiesdisappeared,andbillionsofdollarswhichcouldhavehelpedthepoverty-strickencountrywerespentontheMarcos’sextravagantlifestyle.However,theartistsinvolvedarekeentomakeclearthattheregimealsoresultedingreatleapsforwardinthecountry’sculture,architectureandinfrastructure.TheMarcoslegacyremainsintheformofhospitals,HeartandLungCentres,FolkArttheatresandhomesforchildrenandtheelderly,notwithstandingthattheMarcoscouplesettheirwar-ravaged,poverty-strickenlandontotheworldstage.

1.WhyareImelda’sshoesmentionedinthesecondparagraph?

2.WhataspectofImelda’scharacterisemphasizedinparagraph3?

3.WhyisImeldacomparedwithJudyGarlandandLadyGaga?

4.WhatwasitaboutImelda’sstorythatinterestedDavidByrneandNormanCook?

5.WhichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthetextassomethingImeldaMarcosdidforthePhilippines?

問題1選項

A.Toillustratehowlittleshecaredforherpersonalpossessions.

B.Toillustrateherloveoffashionandbeauty.

C.Toindicatehowquicklyshehadtofleethecountry.

D.Toillustratetheextravaganceofherlifestyle.

問題2選項

A.Herflamboyance.

B.Herkindness.

C.Herresolution.

D.Herbeauty.

問題3選項

A.Duetoherstatusasagayicon.

B.Duetoherambitionanddrive.

C.Becauseshehascreatednewfashions.

D.Becauseshehastriumphedoverlegalbattles.

問題4選項

A.Theongoingthemesofpower,greedandmusic.

B.Thefactthatthestoryhadbothaclearheroandvillain.

C.ThereasoningwhypeoplesuchasImeldabecomewhotheyare.

D.Thefactthathermusicaltastewassimilartotheirs.

問題5選項

A.Shemadehealthservicesavailabletothepeople.

B.Shegavethecountryaculturalidentity.

C.ShereducedthelevelsofpovertyforFilipinopeople.

D.Shedrewtheworld’sattentiontothecountry.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:1.細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第二段“…allegationsofembezzlement,corruption”，……被指控挪用公款、腐敗；“...livinganexoticandglamorouslifestyle”，……過著異域風(fēng)情的生活；“...whatisdescribedbysomeasthesecondmostcorruptregimeofthetwentiethcentury”……被一些人描述為20世紀(jì)第二大最腐敗的政權(quán)。由此可知，選項A“為了說明她對自己的個人財產(chǎn)是多么不在乎”，選項B“為了說明她對時尚和美麗的熱愛”，選項C“為了表示她必須多快逃離這個國家”均與文章不符，因此D選項正確。

第2題:2.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第三段“...attributeshericonicitytohersenseofglamourandstyle,andherroleasaculturaltrend-setter”，…把她的代表性歸功于她的魅力和時尚感，以及她作為文化潮流引領(lǐng)者的角色;“shehasgainedacertainiconicstatus”，她已經(jīng)獲得了具有一定代表性的地位。由此可知，選項B“她的善良”，選項C“她的決議”，選項D“她的美麗”均與文章不符，因此A選項正確。

第3題:3.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第三段“...attributeshericonicitytohersenseofglamourandstyle,andherroleasaculturaltrend-setter”，…把她的代表性歸功于她的魅力和時尚感，以及她作為文化潮流引領(lǐng)者的角色。由此可知，選項A“因為她是同性戀的代表”，選項B“由于她的野心和干勁”，選項D“因為她已經(jīng)在法律斗爭中獲勝”均與文章不符，因此C選項正確。

第4題:4.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第五段“Theirreasoningwastotrytounderstandthestoryofhowpeoplecanattainpositionsofsuchpowerandgreed.TheywerealsoinspiredbyImelda’sloveofdancingandclubbing,andhowherownstyleofmusiccouldbeincorporatedintotheirown”，他們的推理是試圖去理解人們是如何獲得這樣的權(quán)力和貪婪的地位的。伊梅爾達(dá)對舞蹈和夜總會的熱愛，以及如何將她自己的音樂風(fēng)格融入到他們自己的音樂中，也啟發(fā)了他們。由此可知，選項B“這個故事有一個明確的英雄和惡棍的事實”，選項C“像伊梅爾達(dá)這樣的人成為他們自己的原因”，選項D“事實是她的音樂品味和他們的相似”均與文章不符，因此A選項正確。

第5題:5.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章最后一段“TheMarcoslegacyremainsintheformofhospitals”，馬科斯的遺產(chǎn)仍然以醫(yī)院的形式存在。由此可知，選項A“她向人民提供了衛(wèi)生服務(wù)”，選項B“她賦予這個國家一種文化身份”，選項D“她引起了全世界對這個國家的注意”均與文章相符，因此C選項符合題意。

10.單選題

Theypersecutethosewhodonot（）totheirideas.

問題1選項

A.surrender

B.confirm

C.submit

D.conform

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。surrender“投降，屈服”，一般指戰(zhàn)敗而屈服；confirm“確認(rèn)，證實”，一般指通過提供證據(jù)證明或表明某事物（絕對）正確；submit“服從，提交”，一般指放棄抵抗，愿意服從對方；conform“符合，遵守”，側(cè)重于以同一群體或社會中大多數(shù)人的相同方式行動和思考。句意：他們迫害那些不信奉他們思想的人。這里的關(guān)鍵詞是“idea”，所以選項D最恰當(dāng)。

11.單選題

Ifyousawadoctorleavingahouse,youmight（）thatsomeoneinthehousewasill.

問題1選項

A.induce

B.deduce

C.reduce

D.refer

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項induce“誘導(dǎo)；引起；引誘”；B選項deduce“推論；演繹出”；C選項reduce“減少；降低”；D選項refer“涉及；委托；參考”。句意：如果你看到一個醫(yī)生離開一所房子，你可能會……房子里有人生病了?！搬t(yī)生”和“有人生病”之間存在推論，因此B選項正確。

12.單選題

TheheadoftheMuseumwas（）andletusactuallyexaminetheancientmanuscripts.

問題1選項

A.promising

B.agreeing

C.pleasing

D.obliging

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項promising表示“有希望的；有前途的”，B選項agreeing表示“贊成，同意”，C選項pleasing表示“令人高興的，合意的”，D選項obliging表示“親切友善的，樂于助人的”。由后文可知，博物館負(fù)責(zé)人讓我們查閱了那些古代的手抄本，所以他應(yīng)該是親切友善的，故本題正確答案為D選項。

13.單選題

WhenJackwaseighteenhe（）goingaroundwithastrangesetofpeopleandstayingoutverylate.

問題1選項

A.tookto

B.tookup

C.tookfor

D.tookon

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。A選項taketo“喜歡；走向；開始從事”；B選項takeup“拿起；開始從事；占據(jù)”；C選項takefor“認(rèn)為；以為”；D選項takeon“承擔(dān)；呈現(xiàn)；接納”。句意：杰克十八歲時，……和一群奇怪的人來往，而且很晚才回家。本句是說杰克在這個年齡段的行為，可理解為是一種喜好，A選項符合句意。

14.單選題

Thejudge（）themurdererto