2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-昆明理工大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)14

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-昆明理工大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Astheheadofthedepartmentwasawayonabusinesstrip,Iwasaskedto（

）theweeklystaffmeeting.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.chair

B.introduce

C.preside

D.dominate

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)chair“擔(dān)任（會(huì)議、討論等的）主席，主持（會(huì)議、討論等）”，是及物動(dòng)詞；B選項(xiàng)introduce“介紹，引入”；C選項(xiàng)preside“主持，指揮，擔(dān)任會(huì)議主席”，是不及物動(dòng)詞，后面不能直接跟賓語(yǔ)，故排除；D選項(xiàng)dominate“支配，控制”。由theweeklystaffmeeting（每周員工會(huì)議）可知A選項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。句意：由于部門主管出差，我被要求主持每周的員工會(huì)議。

2.單選題

Warmaybeanaturalexpressionofbiologicalinstinctsanddrivestowardaggressioninthehumanspecies.Naturalimpulsesofanger,hostility,andterritorialityareexpressedthroughactsofviolence.Theseareallqualitiesthathumanssharewithanimals.Aggressionisakindofinnatesurvivalmechanism,aninstinctforself-preservationthatallowsanimalstodefendthemselvesfromthreatstotheirexistence.But,ontheotherhand,humanviolenceshowsevidenceofbeingalearnedbehavior.Inthecaseofhumanaggression,violencecannotbesimplyreducedtoaninstinct.Themanyexpressionsofhumanviolencearealwaysconditionedbysocialconventionsthatgiveshapetoaggressivebehavior.Inhumansocietiesviolencehasasocialfunction:Itisastrategyforcreatingordestroyingformsofsocialorder.Religioustraditionshavetakenaleadingroleindirectingthepowersofviolence.Wewilllookattheritualandethicalpatternswithinwhichhumanviolencehasbeendirected.

Theviolencewithinasocietyiscontrolledthroughinstitutionsoflaw.Themoredevelopedalegalsystembecomes,themoresocietytakesresponsibilityforthediscovery,control,andpunishmentofviolentacts.Inmosttribalsocietiestheonlymeanstodealwithanactofviolenceisrevenge.Eachfamilygroupmayhavetheresponsibilityforpersonallycarryingoutjudgmentandpunishmentuponthepersonwhocommittedtheoffense.Butinlegalsystems,theresponsibilityforrevengebecomesdepersonalizedanddiffused.Thesocietyassumestheresponsibilityforprotectingindividualsfromviolence.Incaseswheretheycannotbeprotected,thesocietyisresponsibleforimposingpunishment.Inastatecontrolledlegalsystem,individualsareremovedfromthecyclesofrevengemotivatedbyactsofviolence,andthestateassumesresponsibilityfortheirprotection.

Theothersideofastatelegalapparatusisastatemilitaryapparatus.Whiletheoneprotectstheindividualfromviolence,theothersacrificestheindividualtoviolenceintheinterestsofthestate.Inwarthestateaffirmsitssupremepowerovertheindividualswithinitsownborders.Warisnotsimplyatrialbycombattosettledisputesbetweenstates;itisthemomentwhenthestatemakesitsmostpowerfuldemandsuponitspeoplefortheirrecommitment,allegiance,andsupremesacrifice.Timesofwartestacommunity’sdeepestreligiousandethicalcommitments.

1.Humanviolenceshowsevidenceofbeingalearnedbehaviorinthat（

）.

2.Thefunctionoflegalsystems,accordingtothepassage,is

（

）.

3.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“...inlegalsystems,theresponsibilityforrevengebecomesdepersonalizedanddiffused”(Lines5-6,Para.2)?

4.Theword“allegiance”(Line5,Para.3)isclosestinmeaningto

（

）.

5.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.itthreatenstheexistingsocialsystems

B.itisinfluencedbysociety

C.ithasrootsinreligiousconflicts

D.itisdirectedagainstinstitutionsoflaw

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.tocontrolviolencewithinasociety

B.toprotecttheworldfromchaos

C.tofreesocietyfromtheideaofrevenge

D.togivethegovernmentabsolutepower

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Legalsystemsgreatlyreducethepossibilitiesofphysicalviolence.

B.Offensesagainstindividualsarenolongerjudgedonapersonalbasis.

C.Victimsofviolencefinditmoredifficulttotakerevenge.

D.Punishmentisnotcarriedoutdirectlybytheindividualsinvolved.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.loyalty

B.objective

C.survival

D.motive

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Governmentstendtoabusetheirsupremepowerintimesofwar.

B.Intimesofwargovernmentsmayextendtheirpoweracrossnationalborders.

C.Intimesofwargovernmentsimposehighreligiousandethicalstandardsontheirpeople.

D.Governmentsmaysacrificeindividualsintheinterestsofthestateintimesofwar.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由文章第一段中的Themanyexpressionsofhumanviolencearealwaysconditionedbysocialconventionsthatgiveshapetoaggressivebehavior.（人類暴力的許多表現(xiàn)形式總是受到社會(huì)習(xí)俗的制約，這些社會(huì)習(xí)俗形成了侵略性的行為）可知B選項(xiàng)“它受社會(huì)的影響”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段中的Theviolencewithinasocietyiscontrolledthroughinstitutionsoflaw.（社會(huì)中的暴力行為是通過(guò)法律制度來(lái)控制的）可知A選項(xiàng)“控制社會(huì)中的暴力”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。文章第二段中的Thesocietyassumestheresponsibilityforprotectingindividualsfromviolence.Incaseswheretheycannotbeprotected,thesocietyisresponsibleforimposingpunishment（社會(huì)承擔(dān)起保護(hù)個(gè)人免受暴力侵害的責(zé)任，不能保護(hù)的，由社會(huì)負(fù)責(zé)處罰）是對(duì)前面句子Butinlegalsystems,theresponsibilityforrevengebecomesdepersonalizedanddiffused（但在法律制度中，復(fù)仇的責(zé)任變得非個(gè)性化和普及）進(jìn)行解釋，因此D選項(xiàng)“懲罰不是由有關(guān)個(gè)人直接執(zhí)行的”符合題意。

4.詞義題。A選項(xiàng)loyalty“忠誠(chéng)”；B選項(xiàng)objective“目標(biāo)”；C選項(xiàng)survival“幸存”；D選項(xiàng)motive“動(dòng)機(jī)”。由文章第三段中的itisthemomentwhenthestatemakesitsmostpowerfuldemandsuponitspeoplefortheirrecommitment,allegiance,andsupremesacrifice（這是國(guó)家對(duì)它的子民提出的承諾、allegiance和至高無(wú)上的犧牲最強(qiáng)有力命令的時(shí)刻）可知recommitment,allegiance,andsupremesacrifice為并列的名詞詞語(yǔ)，allegiance的感情色彩要與承諾、犧牲的感情色彩一致，結(jié)合四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思以及句意可知A選項(xiàng)最為恰當(dāng)。

5.推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中的Warisnotsimplyatrialbycombattosettledisputesbetweenstates;itisthemomentwhenthestatemakesitsmostpowerfuldemandsuponitspeoplefortheirrecommitment,allegiance,andsupremesacrifice.（戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)不僅僅是通過(guò)戰(zhàn)斗來(lái)解決國(guó)家間爭(zhēng)端的審判；這是國(guó)家對(duì)它的子民提出的承諾、忠誠(chéng)和至高無(wú)上的犧牲最強(qiáng)有力命令的時(shí)刻）可知D選項(xiàng)“在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)時(shí)期，政府可以為了國(guó)家的利益犧牲個(gè)人”符合題意。

3.單選題

Acobwebglisteningwithdewseemsas（

）asitislovely.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.fragile

B.frigid

C.strident

D.tedious

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)fragile“易碎的，脆弱的”；B選項(xiàng)frigid“嚴(yán)寒的，寒冷的，冷淡的”；C選項(xiàng)strident“刺耳的”；D選項(xiàng)tedious“冗長(zhǎng)的，啰唆的，單調(diào)乏味的”。由“有露珠閃爍的蜘蛛網(wǎng)看上去又______，又可愛(ài)”可知空格處的詞語(yǔ)要與cobweb（蜘蛛網(wǎng)）在邏輯上搭配，且與lovely的感情色彩一致，因此選A。句意：有露珠閃爍的蜘蛛網(wǎng)看上去又脆弱又可愛(ài)。

4.單選題

Ingeneral,oursocietyisbecomingoneofgiantenterprisesdirectedbyabureaucraticmanagementinwhichmanbecomesasmall,well-oiledcoginthemachinery.Theoilingisdonewithhigherwages,well-ventilatedfactoriesandpipedmusic,andbypsychologistsand“human-relations”experts;yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless,thathedoesnotwholeheartedlyparticipateinhisworkandthatheisboredwithit.Infact,theblueandthewhite-collarworkershavebecomeeconomicpuppetswhodancetothetuneofautomatedmachinesandbureaucraticmanagement.

Theworkerandemployeeareanxious，notonlybecausetheymightfindthemselvesoutofajob;theyareanxiousalsobecausetheyareunabletoacquireanyrealsatisfactionorinterestinlife.Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.

Thosehigheruponthesocialladderarenolessanxious.Theirlivesarenolessemptythanthoseoftheirsubordinates.Theyareevenmoreinsecureinsomerespects.Theyareinahighlycompetitiverace.Tobepromotedorfallbehindisnotamatterofsalarybutevenmoreamatterofself-respect.Whentheyapplyfortheirjob,theyaretestedforintelligenceaswellasforthetightmixtureofsubmissivenessandindependence.Fromthatmomentontheyaretestedagainandagainbythepsychologists,forwhomtestingisabigbusiness,andbytheirsuperiors,whojudgetheirbehavior,sociability,capacitytogetalong,etc.Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone’sfellow-competitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress,theverycausesofunhappinessandillness.

AmIsuggestingthatweshouldreturntothepre-industrialmodeofproductionortonineteenth-century“freeenterprise”capitalism?Certainlynot.Problemsareneversolvedbyreturningtoastagewhichonehasalreadyoutgrown.Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemfromabureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaximalproductionandconsumptionareendsinthemselvesintoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities—thoseofallloveandofreason—aretheaimsofsocialarrangements.Productionandconsumptionshouldserveonlyasmeanstothisend,andshouldbepreventedfromrulingman.

1.By“awell-oiledcoginthemachinery’’theauthorintendstorendertheideathatmanis（

）.

2.Therealcauseoftheanxietyoftheworkersandemployeesisthat

（

）.

3.Fromthepassagewecaninferthatrealhappinessoflifebelongstothose

（

）.

4.Tosolvethepresentsocialproblemstheauthorsuggeststhatweshould

（

）.

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsindustrialismmightbestbesummarizedasoneof（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.anecessarypartofthesocietythougheachindividual’sfunctionisnegligible

B.workingincompleteharmonywiththerestofthesociety

C.anunimportantpartincomparisonwiththerestofthesociety,thoughfunctioningsmoothly

D.ahumblecomponentofthesociety,especiallywhenworkingsmoothly

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.theyarelikelytolosetheirjobs

B.theyhavenogenuinesatisfactionorinterestinlife

C.theyarefacedwiththefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistence

D.theyaredeprivedoftheirindividualityandindependence

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.whoareatthebottomofthesociety

B.whoarehigherupintheirsocialstatus

C.whoprovebetterthantheirfellowcompetitors

D.whocouldkeepfarawayfromthiscompetitiveworld

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.resorttotheproductionmodeofourancestors

B.offerhigherwagestotheworkersandemployees

C.enablemantofullydevelophispotentialities

D.takethefundamentalrealitiesforgranted

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.approval

B.dissatisfaction

C.suspicion

D.tolerance

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由文章第一段中的yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless（然而，所有這些潤(rùn)滑劑并不能改變?nèi)艘呀?jīng)變得毫無(wú)力量的事實(shí)）可知C選項(xiàng)“與社會(huì)其他部分相比不重要的一部分，盡管運(yùn)行平穩(wěn)”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段中的Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.（他們生老病死，從來(lái)沒(méi)有面對(duì)過(guò)人類作為情感上和智力上獨(dú)立和有生產(chǎn)力的人存在的基本現(xiàn)實(shí)）可知D選項(xiàng)“他們被剝奪了個(gè)性和獨(dú)立性”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。由文章第三段中的Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone’sfellow-competitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress（不斷地需要證明自己和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手一樣好，或者比競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手強(qiáng)，這就產(chǎn)生了持續(xù)的焦慮和壓力）可知D選項(xiàng)“能遠(yuǎn)離這個(gè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈的世界的人”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章最后一段中的intoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities—thoseofallloveandofreason—aretheaimsofsocialarrangements（變成一種以人為本的工業(yè)主義，在這種工業(yè)中，在這里人及其潛能——愛(ài)和理性——的充分開發(fā)是所有社會(huì)安排的目的）可知C選項(xiàng)“使人能充分發(fā)揮自己的潛力”符合題意。

5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。由文章第一段的內(nèi)容可知作者將社會(huì)比作一個(gè)機(jī)械，人只是這個(gè)機(jī)械中的一個(gè)小齒輪，并對(duì)其進(jìn)行了諷刺和批評(píng)，因此B選項(xiàng)“不滿”符合題意。

5.單選題

Incourtherepeatedhis（

）thathewasnotguiltyinfrontofthejury.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.impression

B.alliteration

C.clauses

D.assertions

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)impression“感想，印象，影響”；B選項(xiàng)alliteration“頭韻，頭韻法”；C選項(xiàng)clause“從句，分句，（法律文件等的）條款”；D選項(xiàng)assertion“斷言，聲稱，主張”。由Incourt（在法庭上）與hewasnotguilt（他是無(wú)罪的）可知D選項(xiàng)符合邏輯搭配。句意：在法庭上，他在陪審團(tuán)面前重申了他是無(wú)罪的聲明。

6.單選題

Recentlyanumberofcaseshavebeenreportedofyoungchildren（

）aviolentactpreviouslyseenontelevision.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.modifying

B.duplicating

C.accelerating

D.stimulating

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)modify“修改，更改”；B選項(xiàng)duplicate“模仿，復(fù)制”；C選項(xiàng)accelerate“加速，增速”；D選項(xiàng)stimulate“刺激”。根據(jù)賓語(yǔ)aviolentact（暴力行為）可知B選項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。句意：最近，有報(bào)道稱，一些兒童模仿了以前在電視上看到的暴力行為。

7.單選題

Overthepastcentury,allkindsofunfairnessanddiscriminationhavebeencondemnedormadeillegal.Buttheoneinsidiousformcontinuestothrive:alphabetism.This,forthoseasyetunawareofsuchadisadvantage,referstodiscriminationagainstthosewhosesurnamebeginningwithaletterinthelowerhalfofthealphabet.

IthaslongbeenknownthatataxifirmcalledAAAAcarhasabigadvantageoverZodiaccarswhencustomersthumbthroughtheirphonedirectories.LesswellknownistheadvantagethatAdamAbbotthasinlifeoverZoeZysman.Englishnamesarefairlyevenlyspreadbetweenthehalvesofthealphabet.YetasuspiciouslylargenumberoftoppeoplehavesurnamesbeginningwithlettersbetweenAandK.

ThustheAmericanpresidentandvice-presidenthavesurnamesstartingwithBandCrespectively;and26ofGeorgeBush’spredecessors(includinghisfather)hadsurnamesinthefirsthalfofthealphabetagainstjust16inthesecondhalf.Evenmorestriking,sixofthesevenheadsofgovernmentoftheG7richcountriesarealphabeticallyadvantaged(Berlusconi,Blair,Bush,Chirac,ChrtienandKoizumi).Theworld’sthreetopcentralbankers(Greenspan,DuisenbergandHayami)areallclosetothetopofthealphabet,evenifoneofthemreallyusesJapanesecharacters.Asaretheworld’sfiverichestmen(Gates,Buffett,Alien,EllisonandAlbrecht).

Canthismerelybycoincidence?Onetheory,dreamtupinallthesparetimeenjoyedbythealphabeticallydisadvantaged,isthattherotsetsinearly.Atthestartofthefirstyearininfantschool,teachersseatpupilsalphabeticallyfromthefront,tomakeiteasiertoremembertheirnames.Soshort-sightedZysmanjuniorgetsstuckinthebackrow,andisrarelyaskedtheimprovingquestionsposedbythoseinsensitiveteachers.Atthetimethealphabeticallydisadvantagedmaythinktheyhavehadaluckyescape.Yettheresultmaybeworsequalifications,becausetheygetlessindividualattention,aswellaslessconfidenceinspeakingpublicly.

Thehumiliationcontinues.Atuniversitygraduationceremonies,theABCsproudlygettheirawardsfirst;bythetimetheyreachtheZysmansmostpeopleareliterallyhavingaZZZ.Shortlistsforjobinterviews,electionballotpapers,listsofconferencespeakersandattendees:alltendtobedrawnupalphabetically,andtheirrecipientsloseinterestastheyploughthroughthem.

1.WhatdoestheauthorintendtoillustratewithAAAAcarsandZodiaccars?

2.Whatcanweinferfromthefirstthreeparagraphs?

3.Thefourthparagraphsuggeststhat（

）.

4.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“mostpeopleareliterallyhavingaZZZ”(Para.5)?

5.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Akindofoverlookinequality.

B.Atypeofconspicuousbias.

C.Atypeofpersonalprejudice.

D.Akindofbranddiscrimination.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.InbothEastandWest,namesareessentialtosuccess.

B.ThealphabetistoblameforthefailureofZoeZysman.

C.Customersoftenpayalotofattentiontocompanies’names.

D.Someformofdiscriminationistoosubtletorecognize.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.questionsareoftenputtothemoreintelligentstudents

B.alphabeticallydisadvantagedstudentsoftenescapefromclass

C.teachersshouldpayattentiontoalloftheirstudents

D.studentsshouldbeseatedaccordingtotheireyesight

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theyaregettingimpatient.

B.Theyarenoisilydozingoff.

C.Theyarefeelinghumiliated.

D.Theyarebusywithwordpuzzles.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.PeoplewithsurnamesbeginningwithNtoZareoftenill-treated.

B.VIPsinthewesternworldgainagreatdealfromalphabetism.

C.Thecampaigntoeliminatealphabtismstillhasalongwaytogo.

D.Puttingthingsalphabeticallymayleadtounintentionalbias.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由文章第一段中的This,forthoseasyetunawareofsuchadisadvantage,referstodiscriminationagainstthosewhosesurnamebeginningwithaletterinthelowerhalfofthealphabet.（對(duì)于那些尚未意識(shí)到這一劣勢(shì)的人來(lái)說(shuō)，這是指對(duì)那些姓氏以字母表下半部分的字母開頭的人的歧視）可知A選項(xiàng)“一種被忽視的不公平”符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。文章第一段提出字母排序是一種隱藏的歧視；第二三段舉例說(shuō)明字母排序的歧視，因此D選項(xiàng)“某種形式的歧視太微妙以至于無(wú)法識(shí)別”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。文章第四段介紹了從入學(xué)開始，老師們就按姓氏首字母排序安排學(xué)生的座位，很少關(guān)注那些由于姓氏首字母靠后而經(jīng)常被安排在教室的后面，也很少向他們提問(wèn)，因此C選項(xiàng)“老師們應(yīng)該關(guān)注所有的學(xué)生”符合題意。

4.詞義題。由文章最后一段中的Thehumiliationcontinues.Atuniversitygraduationceremonies,theABCsproudlygettheirawardsfirst;bythetimetheyreachtheZysmansmostpeopleareliterallyhavingaZZZ.（羞辱還在繼續(xù)。在大學(xué)畢業(yè)典禮上，ABC們自豪地獲得了他們的獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)；等輪到Zysman們的時(shí)候，大多數(shù)人實(shí)際上已經(jīng)ZZZ了）可在推測(cè)等輪到Zysman們領(lǐng)獎(jiǎng)時(shí)，其他人由于等的時(shí)間太長(zhǎng)，差不多都會(huì)睡著了。ZZZ表示“（擬聲）打鼾聲”，dozingoff表示“打瞌睡”，因此選B。

5.推理判斷題。文章主要介紹了字母排序所帶來(lái)的歧視，這種歧視是隱蔽的，是無(wú)意中導(dǎo)致的，因此D選項(xiàng)“按字母順序排列可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致無(wú)意的偏見(jiàn)”符合題意。

8.單選題

Mr.Leeisfartoowiseamannot（

）that.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.seeing

B.beingseen

C.see

D.tosee

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定結(jié)構(gòu)。too...to表示“太……以至于不能”，too...notto屬于雙重否定的結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“太……不能不……”。句意：李先生太聰明了，不會(huì)不知道這點(diǎn)的。

9.單選題

Beingimpatientis（

）withbeingagoodteacher.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.intrinsic

B.ingenious

C.incompatible

D.inherent

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)intrinsic“固有的，內(nèi)在的，本身的”，強(qiáng)調(diào)事物本身的特性，多用于術(shù)語(yǔ)；B選項(xiàng)ingenious“精巧的，心靈手巧的”；C選項(xiàng)incompatible“（與某事物）不一致，不相配，（與某人）合不來(lái)”；D選項(xiàng)inherent“固有的，內(nèi)在的”，有繼承而來(lái)的，傳下來(lái)的這種內(nèi)在和固定，多用于一般詞語(yǔ)。由impatient（沒(méi)有耐心的）可知C選項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。句意：沒(méi)有耐心是不可能成為一名好老師的。

10.單選題

Walterofferedusaliftwhenhewasleavingtheoffice,butourwork（

）,wedeclinedtheoffer.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.wasnotfinished

B.hasnotbeenfinished

C.didnotfinish

D.nothavingbeenfinished

【答案】D

【解析】考查獨(dú)立主格。offersb.alift表示“讓某人搭便車”。but做原因狀語(yǔ)，當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)的邏輯主語(yǔ)（ourwork）和句子的主語(yǔ)不一致時(shí)，需要用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)是由名詞或者代詞+非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成，故空格處應(yīng)為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，因此選D。句意：沃爾特在離開辦公室時(shí)讓我們搭便車，但我們的工作還沒(méi)有完成，我們拒絕了他的提議。

11.單選題

Housewiveswhodonotgoouttoworkoftenfeeltheyarenotworkingtotheirfull（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.capacity

B.strength

C.length

D.possibility

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)capacity“容量，能力，才能”；B選項(xiàng)strength“力量，毅力”；C選項(xiàng)length“長(zhǎng)度，篇幅”；D選項(xiàng)possibility“可能，可能性”。worktoone'scapacity表示“充分發(fā)揮才能”。句意：沒(méi)有外出工作的家庭主婦們總感覺(jué)她們沒(méi)充分發(fā)揮自己的全部才能。

12.單選題

AthighnoonlastOctober1st,thecitizensofEcuador（厄瓜多爾）didsomethingthey’dneverdreamedpossible:theysynchronized（同步）theirwatches.Indoingso,theyembarkedonanationalcampaignagainstlateness.Aspecialgrouporganizedthiscampaign.ThegroupinvitedthePresidenttojoininthem,butactuallythePresidentwasinfamouslyunpunctual.Anyway,thePresidentagreedtovowtoparticipate.Hisspokesman,goingontelevisiontoannouncethisvow,arrivedatthestudio,needlesstosay,severalminuteslate.

Suchacampaignmaybescornedorlaughedat,becauseitseemsnotseriousandevennonsense,withoutanypracticalmeaning,butitcomesoutofabasiceconomicfact:punctualitypays.Accordingtoonestudy,chroniclatenesscostsEcuador$2.5billionayear―hardlysmallchangeinacountrywithagrossdomesticproductofjusttwenty-fourbilliondollars.Thefundamentalchallengeforamoderneconomyistocoordinatetheactionsofmillionsofindependentpeoplesothatgoodsmaybeproducedandservicesdeliveredasefficientlyaspossible.It’saloteasiertodothiswhenpeoplearewherethey’resupposedtobewhenthey’resupposedtobethere.Thisisespeciallytrueinlightofrecentinnovationssuchasjust-in-timemanufacturing.

Dellcomputer’ssuppliershavetobeabletodeliverpartstoDell’sfactorieswithinninetyminutes.Underthoseconditions,“I’llgettoitlater”won’tdo.

InsomepunctualcountrieslikeJapan,pedestrianswalkfast,businesstransactionstakeplacequickly,andbankclocksarealwaysaccurate.Inlesspunctualplaces,suchasIndonesia,pedestriansamble,workersidle,andbankclocksareusuallywrong.Inotherwords,Ecuadoriansaretryingtorevolutionizethewaytheyliveandwork.

Cantheydoit?Thereareobviousobstacles.Tardinesscanbequitepleasant,especiallywhenit’swhatyou’veaccustomedto.Thereisalsothetrickyquestionofclass.Latenesscanbeawayfortherichandpowerfultoassertthemselves,toshowhowmuchmorevaluabletheirtimeis.InEcuador,membersofthemilitaryandthegovernmentarethemostnotoriousoffenders,andbusinessmenarefarmorelikelytoshowuplatethanblue-collarworkersare.There’snopointingettingtoameetingontimeifnooneisgoingtobethere.Tardinessfeedsonitself,creatingaviciouscycle.

1.ItisimpliedinthefirstparagraphthatthepresidentofEcuador（

）.

2.Theword“pay”hasthesamemeaningin“punctualitypays”asin

（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutEcuadorpeopleiscorrect?

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.agreedtogoontelevisiontoannouncehisvowtoparticipate

B.waswell-knownforhispunctuality

C.hadahabitofbeinglateinhislifeandwork

D.wastryingtorevolutionizethewatchesinhiscountry

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.“Itpaystogetsomeprofessionaladvicebeforeyoumakeadecision”

B.“Hedidn’tpayanyattentiontowhatIsaid”

C.“Mymotherpaysformydrivinglessons”

D.“Idecidedtopaymyfriendsavisit”

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theyusedtobepunctualwhentheyaregoingtowork.

B.Theylovetheirpresidentforhisbeingunpunctual.

C.Theystartedtorealizethevitalityoftime.

D.Theyhavebeenunaccustomedtothetardinessoftheirbank.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Ecuadoriansaretryingtomakeanadvertisementfortheirwatchesbyanationalcampaignagainstlateness

B.bankclocksinlesspunctualplacesareusuallywrongbecausetheirclocksarebackward

C.moderneconomytriestocoordinatetheactionsofmillionsofindependentpeopletopromoteefficiency

D.Ecuadorianswillremaintheirwayoflife

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:C

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由文章第一段中的ThegroupinvitedthePresidenttojoininthem,butactuallythePresidentwasinfamouslyunpunctual.（該團(tuán)體邀請(qǐng)總統(tǒng)加入，但實(shí)際上，總統(tǒng)的不守時(shí)是臭名昭著的）可知C選項(xiàng)“在他的生活和工作中有遲到的習(xí)慣”符合題意。

2.詞義題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞pay定位到文章第二段的butitcomesoutofabasiceconomicfact:punctualitypays.Accordingtoonestudy,chroniclatenesscostsEcuador$2.5billionayear（但它來(lái)自一個(gè)基本的經(jīng)濟(jì)事實(shí)：守時(shí)支付。根據(jù)一項(xiàng)研究，長(zhǎng)期遲到給厄瓜多爾每年造成25億美元的損失）可知punctualitypays中的pay表示“支付，付費(fèi)”。A選項(xiàng)中的pay表示“值得”；B選項(xiàng)中的payattentionto表示“注意”；C選項(xiàng)中的payfor表示“為……支付”；D選項(xiàng)中的payavisit表示“探望，拜訪，參觀”。因此本題的正確答案為C。

3.推理判斷題。由文章第四段中的Inotherwords,Ecuadoriansaretryingtorevolutionizethewaytheyliveandwork.（換句話說(shuō)，厄瓜多爾人正試圖徹底改變他們的生活和工作方式）可知C選項(xiàng)“他們開始意識(shí)到時(shí)間的重要性”符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。由文章第二段中的Thefundamentalchallengeforamoderneconomyistocoordinatetheactionsofmillionsofindependentpeoplesothatgoodsmaybeproducedandservicesdeliveredasefficientlyaspossible.（現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟(jì)的根本挑戰(zhàn)是協(xié)調(diào)數(shù)百萬(wàn)獨(dú)立人民的行動(dòng)，以便盡可能有效地生產(chǎn)商品和提供服務(wù)）可知C選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟(jì)努力協(xié)調(diào)數(shù)以百萬(wàn)計(jì)的獨(dú)立者的行動(dòng)，以提高效率”符合題意。

13.單選題

Thewealthofacountryshouldbe（

）thehealthandhappinessofitspeoplemeasuredaswellasthematerialgoodsitcanproduce.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.inlinewith

B.intermsof

C.inregardwith

D.bymeansof

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)inlinewith“跟……一致，符合”；B選項(xiàng)intermsof“根據(jù)”；C選項(xiàng)inregardof“關(guān)于……，至于……”；D選項(xiàng)bymeansof“用，依靠”。根據(jù)measured（判斷）可知B選項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。句意：衡量一個(gè)國(guó)家的財(cái)富要根據(jù)它的人民的健康和幸福，以及它可以提供的物質(zhì)產(chǎn)品。

14.單選題

Peoplewholiketowearredclothesaremorelikelytobetalkativeand（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.vivacious

B.perilous

C.introverted

D.lucrative

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)vivacious“可愛(ài)的，活潑的”；B選項(xiàng)perilous“冒險(xiǎn)的，危險(xiǎn)的”；C選項(xiàng)introverted“內(nèi)向的，不喜歡交往的”；D選項(xiàng)lucrative“獲利多的，賺錢的”。由and可知空格處與talkative（健談的）表示的意思相同，因此選A。句意：喜歡穿紅衣服的人更有可能健談、活潑。

15.單選題

Althoughthebodyismadeupofmanydifferenttissues,thesetissuesarearrangedinan（

）andorderlyfashion.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.incredible

B.internal

C.intricate

D.initial

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)incredible“不可思議的，難以置信的”；B選項(xiàng)internal“內(nèi)在的”；C選項(xiàng)intricate“錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的”；D選項(xiàng)initial“最初的”。原句表示“雖然人體是由許多不同的組織組成的，但這些組織是以______而有序的方式排列的”可知C選項(xiàng)符合句意。句意：雖然人體是由許多不同的組織組成的，但這些組織是以錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜而有序的方式排列的。

16.單選題

Theforemanreadthe（

）ofguiltyfourteentimes,oneforeachdefendant.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.prejudice

B.verification

C.verdict

D.punishment

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)prejudice“偏見(jiàn)，成見(jiàn)”；B選項(xiàng)verification“檢驗(yàn)，檢查，審核”；C選項(xiàng)verdict“（陪審團(tuán)的）裁定，裁決，（經(jīng)過(guò)檢驗(yàn)或認(rèn)真考慮后的）決定，結(jié)論”；D選項(xiàng)punishment“刑罰，懲罰”。由句中的guilty（有罪的）和defendant（被告）可知選C。句意：陪審團(tuán)主席宣讀了14遍有罪判決書，每個(gè)被告一份。

17.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingtwoparagraphsintoChinese

Onceyouturnoveranewleaf,youcan’texpecttochangecompletelyrightaway.Youareboundtovacillateattimes.Thekeyistobesatisfiedwithgradualimprovement,expectingandacceptingtheoccasionalslipsthatcomewithanychange.Andevenafteryouarehandlingthesedecisionsinafirmerandmoreconfidentmanner,youcan’texpectyourchildrentorespondimmediately.Forawhilethey’llkeeponapplyingtheoldpressuresthatusedtoworksowell.Butthey’lleventuallycometorespectyourdecisionsoncetheylearnthatnaggingandarguingnolongerwork.Intheend,bothyouandyourchildrenwillbehappierforit.

Thetrendsarequicklyacceleratingforasimplereason:Informationispower,andtechnologydemocratizesanduniversalizestheavailabilityofinformation.Hence,organizationswillnolongerbeabletosubsidizeprocessesandjobsthatglorifyhierarchicalcontrolbutturnoffthespigotonknowledge-flow.FuturistGeorgeGilderdescribesaworldwheretheeconomyisbasedonsand,glassandair.Sandisthesiliconusedtomakemicrochips,thebuildingblocksofcomputing—andthatbuildingblockisgrowingexponentially.Theperformanceofmicrochipsdoublesevery18months.

【答案】一旦你翻開新的一頁(yè)，你就不能指望馬上完全改變。有時(shí)你肯定會(huì)猶豫不決。關(guān)鍵是要滿足于漸進(jìn)的改進(jìn)，預(yù)料并接受任何變化帶來(lái)的偶然失誤。即使在你以更加堅(jiān)定和自信的方式處理這些決定之后，你也不能指望你的孩子會(huì)立即做出反應(yīng)。在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，他們將繼續(xù)施加過(guò)去行之有效的舊壓力。但一旦他們知道嘮叨和爭(zhēng)論不再有效，他們最終會(huì)尊重你的決定。最后，你和你的孩子都會(huì)因此而更快樂(lè)。

這種趨勢(shì)正在迅速加速，原因很簡(jiǎn)單：信息就是力量，而技術(shù)使信息變得民主化和普遍化。因此，組織將不再能夠資助那些美化等級(jí)特權(quán)并阻止信息交流的工作體系了。未來(lái)學(xué)家喬治?吉爾德描述了一個(gè)以沙子、玻璃和空氣為基礎(chǔ)的經(jīng)濟(jì)世界。沙子是用來(lái)制造微芯片的硅，芯片（計(jì)算機(jī)世界的建筑材料）正以指數(shù)級(jí)的速度增長(zhǎng)。微芯片的性能每18個(gè)月翻一番。

18.單選題

Thereiswidespreadbeliefthattheemergenceofgiantindustrieshasbeenaccompaniedbyanequivalentsurgeinindustrialresearch.Arecentstudyofimportantinventionsmadesincetheturnofthecenturyrevealsthatmorethanhalfweretheproductofindividualinventorsworkingalone,independentoforganizedindustrialresearch.Whileindustriallaboratoriescontributedsuchimportantproductsasnylonandtransistors,independentinventorsdevelopedairconditioning,theautomatictransmission,thejetengine,thehelicopter,insulin,andstreptomycin.Stillotherinventions,suchasstainlesssteel,television,silicones,andPlexiglasweredevelopedthroughthecombinedeffortsofindividualsandlaboratoryteams.

Despitethesefinding,weareurgedtosupportmonopolisticpoweronthegroundsthatsuchpowercreatesanenvironmentsupportiveofinnovation.Wearetoldthattheindependentinventor,alongwiththesmallfirm,cannotaffordtoundertaketheimportantresearchneededtoimproveourstandardoflivingwhileprotectingourdiminishingresources;thatonlythegiantcorporationorconglomerate,withitsprodigiousassets,canaffordthekindofexpendituresthatproducethetechnologicaladvancesvitaltoeconomicprogress.Butwhenweexamineexpendituresforresearch,wefindthatofthemorethan$35billionspenteachyearinthiscountry,almosttwo-thirdsisspentbythefederalgovernment.Morethanhalfofthisgovernmentexpenditureisfunneledintomilitaryresearchandproductdevelopment,accountingfortheenormousincreaseinspendinginsuchindustriesasnuclearenergy,aircraft,missiles,andelectronics.Therearethosewhoconsideritquestionablethat