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住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-寧夏大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I(帶答案詳解)(圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.翻譯題

Americanpsychologistsholdthatthereareseveralcomponentstohavinghigh“emotionalintelligence.”Firstisself-awareness,becauseyoucanonlybeincontrolofyourlifeandyourrelationshipsifyouknowyourself.Secondisbeingabletoproperlymanageyouremotions,soyoucancontrolyourfeelingsratherthanlettingthemcontrolyou.Thirdisbeingself-motivated,andbeingabletogetthroughtoughtimesandstartover.Thefourthisbeingreceptivetootherpeople’semotions,whichiscrucialforeffectivecommunicationandhealthyrelationships.Thefifthisbeingabletomanageyourelationships,whichincludesleadershipandprofessionalmanagementskills.

【答案】美國(guó)心理學(xué)家認(rèn)為,情商包括以下幾個(gè)方面的內(nèi)容:一是認(rèn)識(shí)自己的情緒,只有認(rèn)識(shí)自己,才能成為自己生活的主宰。二是能妥善管理自己的情緒,即能調(diào)控自己。三是自我激勵(lì),它能夠使人走出生命中的低潮,重新出發(fā)。四是認(rèn)識(shí)他人的情緒,這是與他人正常交流順利溝通的基礎(chǔ)。五是人際關(guān)系的管理,即領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和管理能力。

2.翻譯題

Onceuponatime,peoplewholivedalonetendedtobethoseoneithersideofmarriage—twentysomethingprofessionalsorwidowedseniorcitizens.Whilepensioners,particularlyelderlywomen,makeupalargeproportionofthoselivingalone.Thenewestcropofsinglesishighearnersintheir30sand40swhoincreasinglyviewlivingaloneaslifestylechoices.Livingalonewasconceivedtobenegative—darkandcold,whilebeingtogethersuggestedwarmthandlight.

【答案】以前獨(dú)自生活的人都是一些處在婚姻生活之兩端的人們——20多歲的專(zhuān)業(yè)人員或寡居的老人。領(lǐng)取養(yǎng)老金的人,特別是上了年紀(jì)的婦女,構(gòu)成了獨(dú)自生活人群的絕大多數(shù);而新一批單身族則是30到40歲高收入人士,他們?nèi)找嬲J(rèn)為獨(dú)自生活是一種生活方式的選擇。獨(dú)自生活被認(rèn)為是消極的——黑暗而且寒冷,而家庭生活則意味著溫暖與光明。

3.單選題

ForonebriefmomentinApril,LarryEllisoncamewithinafewdollarsofbeingtherichestmanintheworld.ThecomputertycoonwasholdingaglobalconferencecallonaWednesdaymorning,whenthevalueofhiscompanysurged.

ItwasthemomenthealmostovertookBillGates,founderofMicrosoft,asthewealthiestontheplanet.Forafewseconds,asshareoftradersmarkedMicrosoftdownandOracleup,EllisoncamewithinUS$200,000ofGates.Theself-proclaimed“badboy”ofSiliconValleyfoundhimselfworthmorethanUS$52billion,upfromamereUS$10billionthistimelastyear.ThenMicrosoft’sshareprice,whichhadplungedinrecentweeks,recoveredandthemomentpassed.

Once,Ellison,founderofthesoftwarecompanyOracle,wouldhavedancedaroundhisdeskcursinglikeapirateatfailingtobringdownGates,arivalhehadconstantlymadefunofinpublic.ButSiliconValleyinsiderssaidheremainedcalm,andmuttered:“Oneday,onedayvery,verysoon.”Heknewhismomentwasclose.UnlikeGates,heisnotbigoncharity,preferringtospendhismoneyinhisway.Hehashisownprivateairforce,amilitary-stylecrewbasedatSanJoseairportnearRedwoodCity,tohelphimflyhisGulfstreamVjet(withtwomarbledbathrooms),aMarchettifighterplaneimportedfromItaly,andahandfulofotheraircraft,includingatrainerforhisson.HealsoplanstoimportaRussianMig-29fighter(capableof1,500mph).Whydoeshewantone?Sothat,hejoked,hecanblastGateshomenearSeattle.Carsarecheapandcheerfulbycomparison.Hehasarelatively-modestPorscheBoxster,twospeciallyalteredMercedesandaUS$900,000silverMcLaren.InSanFranciscoheownsamagnificenthouseinPacificHeights,oneofWesternAmerica’smostexpensivestretchesofrealestate.Thehouseisatechnicalmarvel:Whenheinsertshiskey,theopaqueglassdoorturnstransparent,revealingaJapanesegardeninthemiddleofthehouse.Forreasonsheknowsbest,EllisonisobsessedwithJapaneseculture.

WhileGatescomesfromastrongfamily,Ellisonstilldoesnotknowwhohisfatherwas.HewasborntoanunmarriedmotherandadoptedbyhisRussianuncleandaunt.Abrilliantbutunpredictableself-promoter,hedroppedoutofcollege,drovetoCaliforniainabatteredThunderbirdcarandendedupworkingwithcomputertechniciansatabank.“Healwayshadachampagnelifestyleonbeermoney,”hisfirstwifesaid.

HesetupOraclein1977asasuper-salesmanwith3programmers,creatingsoftwareforbusinesses.Italmostcollapsedwhenitpromisedmorethanitcoulddeliver,butsincethenitsfortuneshavesoared.Nowitemploys43,000peopleandhasdesigneddata-processingsystemsusedbyBritain’sMl5spyserviceaswellasbigwesterncompanies.Oracle’ssoftwareismoreInternet-friendlythanGatesWindowonefactorbehindthecompany’srecentsharepricerise.

Sincehiscompanygotbig,Ellisonhaspromisedshareholdersthathewillspendmoretimeintheoffice.Butcanheescapebeingthethrill-seekerheisatheart?Assummerapproaches,hemayfindithardtoresistthelureofhisyachts,Sakura,oneofthelongestintheworld,andSayonara(Japanesefor“seeyoulater”),whichheracesfuriously.Itisdangeroussport,evenforguests.MediatycoonRupertMurdochoncenearlylostafingerwhenhegrabbedaropeduringaraceonboardthesayonara.Ellisonjokedatleasthecouldstillwrotechecks.

Regardlessofdistractions,EllisonwillnotgiveupinhisbattleagainstGates.Hehatestolose.Ellisondeclaresthatanysuchdominancebyoneman,likeMicrosoftincomputerindustry,isunhealthy.Hehasobviouslyforgottenhisownplanforaglobalempire,whichhewantedtocalltheUniversalTitanicOctopusCorporation.

1.Inthestockmarket,().

2.UnlikeBillGates,Ellison().

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTEllison’sbelongings?

4.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutEllison?

5.Oracle’sadvantageisthat().

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.EllisonisasrichasBillGates

B.EllisonhasUS$200,000lessthanBillGates

C.Ellisonisricherthanbill

D.OraclehasmoremoneythanMicrosoft

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.comesfromastrongfamily

B.hasapoorfather

C.doesnotspendmuchoncharity

D.wasborninCalifornia

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.AGulfstreamVjet.

B.AMarchettifighter.

C.APorscheBoxster.

D.ARussianMig-29fighter.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Ellisonlacksthecharacteristicsofcalmness.

B.EllisondislikeJapaneseculture.

C.Ellisoniskeenonyachting.

D.Ellison’sbusinesshasgonesmoothlysincethebeginning.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.itssharepriceisprettyhigh

B.ithasmoreemployeesthanMicrosoft

C.itsthebiggestwesterncompany

D.itssoftwareismoreinternet-friendlythanMicrosoft

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干信息定位到第二段Forafewseconds,asshareoftradersmarkedMicrosoftdownandOracleup,EllisoncamewithinUS$200,000ofGates.(有那么幾秒鐘,當(dāng)交易員們認(rèn)為微軟股價(jià)下跌、甲骨文股價(jià)上漲時(shí),埃里森的股價(jià)只比蓋茨便宜20萬(wàn)美元。)因此B選項(xiàng)“埃里森比比爾?蓋茨身價(jià)少20萬(wàn)美元”正確。A選項(xiàng)“埃里森和比爾?蓋茨一樣富有”不正確,文章討論的是他們的身價(jià),而不是誰(shuí)更有錢(qián)。C選項(xiàng)“埃里森比比爾?蓋茨更富有”,不正確,文章沒(méi)有給出這個(gè)信息;D選項(xiàng)“甲骨文比微軟有更多的錢(qián)”,根據(jù)埃里森的身價(jià)沒(méi)有比爾蓋茨高可以推斷甲骨文(埃里森的公司)應(yīng)該是沒(méi)有微軟更有錢(qián)的。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第三段UnlikeGates,heisnotbigoncharity,preferringtospendhismoneyinhisway.(與蓋茨不同的是,他不熱衷于慈善事業(yè),更喜歡按自己的方式花錢(qián)。)因此C選項(xiàng)“在慈善事業(yè)上花的錢(qián)不多”正確。A選項(xiàng)“來(lái)自一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的家庭”在后文WhileGatescomesfromastrongfamily,Ellisonstilldoesnotknowwhohisfatherwas.(雖然蓋茨來(lái)自一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的家庭,但埃里森仍然不知道他的父親是誰(shuí)。)A選項(xiàng)不正確;B選項(xiàng)“有一個(gè)貧窮的父親”,他甚至都不知道自己的父親是誰(shuí),不正確;D選項(xiàng)“出生在加利福尼亞”,后文說(shuō)他自己駕車(chē)去了加利福尼亞,所以可以判斷他不是在這里出生的,錯(cuò)誤。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第三段Hehashisownprivateairforce,amilitary-stylecrewbasedatSanJoseairportnearRedwoodCity,tohelphimflyhisGulfstreamVjet(withtwomarbledbathrooms).(他有自己的私人空軍,一個(gè)駐扎在雷德伍德城附近的圣何塞機(jī)場(chǎng)的軍事風(fēng)格的機(jī)組人員,幫助他駕駛灣流V型噴氣式飛機(jī)。)因此A選項(xiàng)是他的所有物;同樣在第三段aMarchettifighterplaneimportedfromItaly,andahandfulofotheraircraft,includingatrainerforhisson.(一架從意大利進(jìn)口的馬爾切蒂戰(zhàn)斗機(jī),以及其他幾架飛機(jī),包括給他兒子的一名教練員。)因此B選項(xiàng)也是他的所有物;在第三段Hehasarelatively-modestPorscheBoxster,twospeciallyalteredMercedesandaUS$900,000silverMcLaren.(他有一輛相對(duì)普通的保時(shí)捷Boxster,兩輛經(jīng)過(guò)特別改裝的奔馳和一輛價(jià)值90萬(wàn)美元的銀色邁凱輪。)因此C選項(xiàng)也是他的所有物;只有D選項(xiàng)是原文沒(méi)有提到的,因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干和選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞定位到第六段Assummerapproaches,hemayfindithardtoresistthelureofhisyachts,Sakura,oneofthelongestintheworld,andSayonara(Japanesefor“seeyoulater”),whichheracesfuriously.(隨著夏天的臨近,他可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)很難抗拒他的游艇——世界上最長(zhǎng)的游艇之一“Sakura”和他瘋狂的“Sayonara”(日語(yǔ)“再見(jiàn)”)的誘惑。)可以推斷出Ellison本人是熱衷于游艇運(yùn)動(dòng)的,因此C選項(xiàng)“埃里森熱衷于游艇運(yùn)動(dòng)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“埃里森缺乏冷靜的特質(zhì)”,文章并沒(méi)有給出明確表示;B選項(xiàng)“埃里森不喜歡日本文化”,在第三段的最后一句話Forreasonsheknowsbest,EllisonisobsessedwithJapaneseculture.(出于對(duì)日本文化最了解的原因,埃里森癡迷于日本文化。),因此B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤;D選項(xiàng)“埃里森的業(yè)務(wù)從一開(kāi)始就進(jìn)展順利”,一開(kāi)始的時(shí)候他的公司幾近崩潰,是后來(lái)挺過(guò)來(lái)了才蒸蒸日上,因此D選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干信息定位到第五段的最后一句話Oracle’ssoftwareismoreInternet-friendlythanGatesWindowonefactorbehindthecompany’srecentsharepricerise.(甲骨文的軟件在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上比蓋茨的Windows系統(tǒng)更友好,這是該公司最近股價(jià)上漲的一個(gè)原因。)由此可知,D選項(xiàng)“它的軟件比微軟在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上更友好”正確。A選項(xiàng)“它的股價(jià)相當(dāng)高”原文沒(méi)有提到;B選項(xiàng)“他比微軟有更多的員工”,文章沒(méi)有說(shuō)這個(gè)是優(yōu)勢(shì);C選項(xiàng)“它是最大的西方公司”,這個(gè)是文章沒(méi)有說(shuō)到的。

4.單選題

Manysocialproblemsarecausedbytheuneven()ofwealth.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.distribution

B.peace

C.justice

D.section

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)distribution“分配,分布”;B選項(xiàng)peace“和平”;C選項(xiàng)justice“公平,公正”;D選項(xiàng)section“部分,部門(mén)”。句意:許多社會(huì)問(wèn)題是由財(cái)富()不均引起的。這句話要表達(dá)的意思是“財(cái)富的分配不均導(dǎo)致了社會(huì)問(wèn)題”,因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.單選題

Thedeclineinmoralstandards—whichhaslongconcernedsocialanalysts—hasatlastcapturedtheattentionofaverageAmericans,AndJeanBethkeElshtain,forone,isglad.

Thefactthatordinarycitizensarenowstartingtothinkseriouslyaboutthenation’smoralclimate,saysthisethics(倫理學(xué))professorattheUniversityofChicago,isreasontohopethatnewideaswillcomeforwardtoimproveit.

Butthechallengeisnottobeunderestimated.MaterialismandIndividualisminAmericansocietyarethebiggestobstacles.“ThethoughtthatI’minitformehasbecomedeeplyrootedinthenationalconsciousness,”MsElshtainsays.

Someofthiscanbeattributedtothedisintegrationoftraditionalcommunities,inwhichneighborslookedoutforoneanother,shesays.Withtoday’sgreatermobilityandwithsomanycouplesworking,thosebondshavebeenweakened,replacedbyagreateremphasisonself.

Ina1996pollofAmericans,lossofmoralitytoppedthelistofthebiggestproblemsfacingtheU.S.AndElshtainsaysthepubliciscorrecttosensethat:DatashowthatAmericansarestrugglingwithproblemsunheardofinthe1950s,suchasclassroomviolenceandahighrateofbirthstounmarriedmothers.

Thedesireforahighermoralstandardisnotalament(挽歌)forsomenonexistent“goldenage,”Elshtainsays,norisitawishful(一廂情愿的)longingforatimethatdeniedopportunitiestowomenandminorities.Mostpeople,infact,favorthelesseningofprejudice.

Moraldeclinewillnotbereverseduntilpeoplefindwaystocounterthematerialisminsociety,shesays.“Slowly,yourecognizethatthethingsthatmatterarethosethatcan’tbebought.”

1.ProfessorElshtainispleasedtoseethatAmericans().

2.ThemoraldeclineofAmericansocietyiscausedmainlyby().

3.Whichofthefollowingcharacterizesthetraditionalcommunities?

4.Inthe1950s,classroomviolence().

5.AccordingtoElshtain,thecurrentmoraldeclinemaybereversed().

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.haveadaptedtoanewsetofmoralstandards

B.arelongingforthereturnofthegoodolddays

C.haverealizedtheimportanceofmaterialthings

D.areawakeningtotheloweringoftheirmoralstandards

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.itsgrowingwealth

B.theself-centerednessofindividuals

C.underestimatingtheimpactofsocialchanges

D.theprejudiceagainstwomenandminorities

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Greatmobility

B.Emphasisonindividualeffort

C.Concernforone’sneighbors

D.Ever-weakeningsocialbonds

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.assomethingunheardof

B.attractedalotofpublicattention

C.wasbynomeansarareoccurrence

D.begantoappearinanalysts’data

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.ifpeoplecanreturntothe“goldenage”

B.whenwomenandmenenjoyequalrights

C.whenpeopleridthemselvesofprejudice

D.iflessemphasisislaidonmaterialthings

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第一段的第一二句話Thedeclineinmoralstandards—whichhaslongconcernedsocialanalysts—hasatlastcapturedtheattentionofaverageAmericans(道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的下降——長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)一直困擾著社會(huì)分析人士——終于引起了普通美國(guó)人的注意。)后文說(shuō)JeanBethkeElshtain對(duì)于這個(gè)很開(kāi)心,由此可知D選項(xiàng)“意識(shí)到他們道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的降低”正確。A、B、C在原文都沒(méi)有提到,因此排除。

2.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第三段第二句話MaterialismandIndividualisminAmericansocietyarethebiggestobstacles.(美國(guó)社會(huì)的物質(zhì)主義和個(gè)人主義是最大的障礙。)從這句可以看出物質(zhì)主義和個(gè)人主義這兩點(diǎn)是美國(guó)社會(huì)最大的障礙,也是引發(fā)道德衰落的原因,由此可知B選項(xiàng)“個(gè)人的自我中心”正確。而對(duì)物質(zhì)財(cái)富的崇尚,和財(cái)富本身的增長(zhǎng)沒(méi)有直接聯(lián)系,因此A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤;C選項(xiàng)出現(xiàn)在第三段的第一句thechallengeisnottobeunderestimated(挑戰(zhàn)不應(yīng)被低估),這里的挑戰(zhàn)就是指的Materialism和individualism,但是選項(xiàng)把challenge換成了change,因此屬于偷換概念,C選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤;D選項(xiàng)出現(xiàn)在倒數(shù)第二段,根據(jù)篇章分析對(duì)這一段的說(shuō)明,這種歧視現(xiàn)象是過(guò)去那個(gè)道德水平較高時(shí)代的現(xiàn)象,因此絕不會(huì)是它引起了現(xiàn)今道德水平的下降,因此D選項(xiàng)也錯(cuò)誤。

3.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第四段Someofthiscanbeattributedtothedisintegrationoftraditionalcommunities,inwhichneighborslookedoutforoneanother,shesays.(她說(shuō),這在一定程度上可以歸因于傳統(tǒng)社區(qū)的解體,在傳統(tǒng)社區(qū)中,鄰居們互相照顧。)由此可見(jiàn),對(duì)鄰居的關(guān)照是傳統(tǒng)社區(qū)的特點(diǎn),因此C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)鄰居的關(guān)心”正確。A選項(xiàng)體現(xiàn)在Withtoday’sgreatermobilityandwithsomanycouplesworking,thosebondshavebeenweakened,replacedbyagreateremphasisonself.(隨著當(dāng)今社會(huì)流動(dòng)性的增強(qiáng),以及如此多的夫妻都在工作,這種紐帶已經(jīng)被削弱,取而代之的是對(duì)自我的更加強(qiáng)調(diào)。)這里提到了高流動(dòng)性,高流動(dòng)性實(shí)際應(yīng)該是指人口居住地不斷變化,鄰居之間相處時(shí)間不會(huì)很長(zhǎng),也就無(wú)法培養(yǎng)良好關(guān)系,當(dāng)然也不會(huì)互相關(guān)心互相照料??梢哉f(shuō)A是造成B和D的原因之一(另一原因是雙職工——夫妻二人都去上班,也就很少有機(jī)會(huì)和鄰居交往),而B(niǎo)和D都是現(xiàn)今社會(huì)的特點(diǎn),不是傳統(tǒng)社區(qū)的特點(diǎn),因此A、B、D不對(duì)。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第五段DatashowthatAmericansarestrugglingwithproblemsunheardofinthe1950s,suchasclassroomviolenceandahighrateofbirthstounmarriedmothers(數(shù)據(jù)顯示,美國(guó)人正艱難應(yīng)對(duì)問(wèn)題聞所未聞的1950年代,如課堂暴力和高速率的未婚母親。)開(kāi)頭是“數(shù)據(jù)表明”,后面是數(shù)據(jù)所顯示的內(nèi)容。Americansarestrugglingwithproblemsunheardofinthe1950s,美國(guó)人正在同許多問(wèn)題做斗爭(zhēng),這些問(wèn)題在五十年代聞所未聞(unheardof),suchas表示例舉,說(shuō)明classroomviolence是problems的一個(gè)例子,由此可得A選項(xiàng)“是聞所未聞的”正確。C的說(shuō)法與A正好相反,bynomeans,絕非;rare,極少,雙重否定等于肯定,也就是說(shuō)班級(jí)暴力在五十年代經(jīng)常發(fā)生,是錯(cuò)誤的;B的說(shuō)法與A相互矛盾,既然聞所未聞,也就不可能投入關(guān)注;D有一定迷惑性,按照句意,班級(jí)暴力肯定存在于分析家的數(shù)據(jù)中,因?yàn)榫漕^就有datashow。但要注意,題目的開(kāi)頭有一句Inthe1950s,也就是說(shuō)班級(jí)暴力進(jìn)入分析家的數(shù)據(jù)是在50年代。班級(jí)暴力在那時(shí)尚且聞所未聞,當(dāng)然是不可能進(jìn)入分析數(shù)據(jù)的。

5.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞可以直接定位到最后一段,Moraldeclinewillnotbereverseduntilpeoplefindwaystocounterthematerialisminsociety(除非人們找到對(duì)抗社會(huì)上物質(zhì)主義的方法,否則道德滑坡是不會(huì)逆轉(zhuǎn)的。)因此D選項(xiàng)“如果不太重視物質(zhì)的東西”正確。A和C都是沒(méi)有提到的,B選項(xiàng)不是它的條件。

6.單選題

Peopleinnately()forsuperiorityovertheirpeersalthoughitsometimestakestheformofanexaggeratedlustforpower.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.strive

B.ascertain

C.justify

D.adhere

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。A選項(xiàng)“為……奮斗,爭(zhēng)取……”;B選項(xiàng)“確定,探知”;C選項(xiàng)“證明……是正當(dāng)?shù)摹?;D選項(xiàng)“堅(jiān)持……”,句意為:人們天生()比同齡人優(yōu)越,盡管有時(shí)表現(xiàn)為夸張的權(quán)力欲。本句表示“人們天生就想爭(zhēng)取比同齡人優(yōu)越”,因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

7.單選題

Theoctopus(章魚(yú))’sreputationasahuman-killerisn’tsimplyanexaggeration—itisatotalmyth.Theoctopuscanindeedbeadeadlyhunter,butonlyofitsnaturalprey.Clams,mussels,crabs,lobstersandanoccasionalsickorunwaryfishhavereasontobefrightenedofthismulti-armedpredator,butapersonismuchtoolargetointeresteventhebiggestoctopus.Evenagiantamongoctopusesismuchsmallerthanmostpeopleimagine.Farfrombeinglargeenoughtoengulf(吞下)asubmarine,asmonsteroctopusesinmovieshavebeenknowntodo,thelargestoctopuses,foundonthePacificcoast,weigharound110poundsandgrowtoadiameterofnomorethantenfeet.

Thehard,parrot-likebeak(嘴)ofanoctopusisnotusedforattackingdeep-seadivers,butforcuttingopencrabsandlobsters.Indeed,theoctopuspossessessuchatinythroatthatitcannotswallowlargepiecesofmeat.Itfeedsinsteadbypouringdigestivejuicesintoitsvictims,andthensuckingupthesoupyremains.Aclamorscallop(扇貝)thatfindsitselfinthegraspofanoctopushasonlyashorttimetolive.Buthumanbeingsareperfectlysafe.Still,peoplerarelycaretogocloseenoughtothesecarefulcreaturestogetagoodlookatthem.

1.Thispassageismainlyabout().

2.Itisimpliedbutnotstatedinthepassagethat().

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

4.Thehardbeakoftheoctopusisusedfor().

5.Fromthepassage,wecanconcludethat().

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thehorrorsoftheoctopus

B.thelargestoctopusintheworld

C.octopusandtheirbehavior

D.theoctopus’sdeadlyhuntingmethod

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.peoplehavegroundlessfearsabouttheoctopus

B.theoctopusisnotinterestedinhumanbeingsbecausetheyaretoolargeforit

C.theoctopusisafraidofhumanbeings

D.theoctopusisaveryviciousseaanimal

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theoctopususuallyusesitseighttentaclestotearitspreyintopiecesbeforeeatingitup.

B.Theoctopusalwayscatchessickandcarelessfish.

C.Theoctopusneverattackspeople.

D.Theoctopuscanengulfsubmarines.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.attackingdeep-seadivers

B.cuttinguplargepiecesofmeat

C.cuttingopenitsprey

D.defendingitself

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.theoctopusisnotdangeroustoman,asmanypeoplebelieveittobe

B.peopleoftenfearcreaturesthatarenotdangeroustothem

C.theoctopusonlyhuntsitsnaturalprey

D.thingsdescribedinmoviesarenottobebelieved

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。C選項(xiàng)是貫穿全文的,文章介紹了章魚(yú)和它們的習(xí)性,也解釋了人們對(duì)章魚(yú)作為人類(lèi)殺手的誤解。消除人們對(duì)章魚(yú)的害怕。從全篇文章的第一段的句子Theoctopuscanindeedbeadeadlyhunter,butonlyofitsnaturalprey.(章魚(yú)確實(shí)是致命的獵手,但只是針對(duì)它的自然獵物。)可知文章介紹了章魚(yú)和它們的習(xí)性,因此C選項(xiàng)“章魚(yú)和它們的行為”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)在第一段第一句Theoctopus’sreputationasahuman-killerisn’tsimplyanexaggeration—itisatotalmyth.(章魚(yú)作為人類(lèi)殺手的名聲并不僅僅是夸大其詞——這完全是一個(gè)神話。)根據(jù)這個(gè)我們可以知道,章魚(yú)并不可怕,因此A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤;B選項(xiàng)在第一段的第三句butapersonismuchtoolargetointeresteventhebiggestoctopus(但人太大了,連最大的章魚(yú)都不會(huì)感興趣。)這里只是為了證明章魚(yú)并不會(huì)襲擊人類(lèi),而不是本文的主旨,因此排除;D選項(xiàng)在第一段有提到,但是這也只是一部分內(nèi)容,并不是全文主旨。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。從最后一段的句子Buthumanbeingsareperfectlysafe.Still,peoplerarelycaretogocloseenoughtothesecarefulcreaturestogetagoodlookatthem.(盡管如此,人們還是很少愿意冒險(xiǎn)接近這些膽小的生物,好好看一看它們。)可以推斷出人們對(duì)于章魚(yú)有著莫名的恐懼,因此A選項(xiàng)“人們對(duì)章魚(yú)的恐懼是沒(méi)有根據(jù)的”符合題意。B選項(xiàng)在第一段butapersonismuchtoolargetointeresteventhebiggestoctopus(但人太大了,連最大的章魚(yú)都不會(huì)感興趣),這是文章直接說(shuō)的,并不是隱晦表達(dá)出的,因此B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤;C選項(xiàng)是全文都沒(méi)提及的,排除;D選項(xiàng)原文并沒(méi)有相關(guān)表述,只是在第二段講了章魚(yú)的捕食方式,而它們是否惡毒我們不得而知。

3.推理判斷題。定位到第一段butapersonismuchtoolargetointeresteventhebiggestoctopus(但人太大了,連最大的章魚(yú)都不會(huì)感興趣。)通過(guò)這一句話我們知道,章魚(yú)并不會(huì)襲擊人類(lèi),因?yàn)槿祟?lèi)對(duì)于它們來(lái)說(shuō)太大了,因此C選項(xiàng)“章魚(yú)從不攻擊人”正確。A選項(xiàng)關(guān)于章魚(yú)的捕獵方式在第二段Thehard,parrot-likebeakofanoctopusisnotusedforattackingdeep-seadivers,butforcuttingopencrabsandlobsters.Indeed,theoctopuspossessessuchatinythroatthatitcannotswallowlargepiecesofmeat.(章魚(yú)堅(jiān)硬的鸚鵡喙不是用來(lái)攻擊深海潛水員的,而是用來(lái)割開(kāi)螃蟹和龍蝦的。事實(shí)上,章魚(yú)的喉嚨非常小,它不能吞下大塊的肉。)可以看出章魚(yú)并沒(méi)有把獵物撕扯開(kāi),因此A錯(cuò)誤;B選項(xiàng)在第一段Clams,mussels,crabs,lobstersandanoccasionalsickorunwaryfish(蛤蜊、貽貝、螃蟹、龍蝦,還有偶爾生病或不小心的魚(yú)),它們只是偶爾捕食生病或不小心的魚(yú)類(lèi),而不是經(jīng)常,因此B錯(cuò)誤;D選項(xiàng)在第一段Farfrombeinglargeenoughtoengulfasubmarine(遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)沒(méi)有大到足以吞沒(méi)一艘潛艇。)因此章魚(yú)并不能吞下一艘潛艇,D選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位到第二段Thehard,parrot-likebeakofanoctopusisnotusedforattackingdeep-seadivers,butforcuttingopencrabsandlobsters(章魚(yú)堅(jiān)硬的鸚鵡喙不是用來(lái)攻擊深海潛水員的,而是用來(lái)割開(kāi)螃蟹和龍蝦的),而螃蟹和龍蝦就是它的食物,因此C選項(xiàng)“剖開(kāi)獵物”正確,而A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤;B和D均未提及,排除。

5.推理判斷題。定位到最后一段最后一句話Buthumanbeingsareperfectlysafe.Still,peoplerarelycaretogocloseenoughtothesecarefulcreaturestogetagoodlookatthem.(但人類(lèi)是絕對(duì)安全的。盡管如此,人們還是很少愿意冒險(xiǎn)接近這些膽小的生物,好好看一看它們。)可知對(duì)人來(lái)說(shuō),章魚(yú)是沒(méi)有威脅的;第一段說(shuō)Theoctopus’sreputationasahuman-killerisn’tsimplyanexaggeration(章魚(yú)作為人類(lèi)殺手的名聲并不僅僅是夸大其詞),也就是人們認(rèn)為它們很危險(xiǎn),但是實(shí)際上不是,因此A選項(xiàng)“章魚(yú)對(duì)人類(lèi)并不像許多人認(rèn)為的那樣危險(xiǎn)”正確。B、C和D原文都沒(méi)有進(jìn)行描述,因此排除。

8.單選題

Iwassupposedtogotoaconcertwithyoursistertheothernight,butyoursisterdidn’tturnup.Ican’tbelieveIhavebeen().

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.givenup

B.stoodup

C.leftup

D.takenup

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)givenup“放棄”;B選項(xiàng)stoodup“站起來(lái),堅(jiān)持”;C選項(xiàng)leftup“離開(kāi),丟下”;D選項(xiàng)takenup“拿起,開(kāi)始從事,占據(jù)(時(shí)間,地方)”。句意:那天晚上我本來(lái)要和你妹妹一起去聽(tīng)音樂(lè)會(huì)的,但是你妹妹沒(méi)來(lái)。真不敢相信我被_____。這里因?yàn)榱硪粋€(gè)人的妹妹沒(méi)有來(lái),所以說(shuō)話的人應(yīng)該是覺(jué)得自己“被丟下/拋棄了”,因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

9.單選題

Peoplefromdifferentcultureshavedifferent()oftheworld.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.impressions

B.complications

C.foundations

D.conceptions

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)impressions“印象,觀感”;B選項(xiàng)complications“并發(fā)癥”;C選項(xiàng)foundations“基礎(chǔ),房建”;D選項(xiàng)conceptions“懷孕,概念,設(shè)想”。句意:來(lái)自不同文化的人對(duì)世界有不同的()。這句話表達(dá)的意思是“不同的人對(duì)世界有不同的看法”,因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

10.單選題

Thecarpetlooksbeautifulbutcannot()thewearandtearofcontinualuse.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.standupfor

B.standupto

C.standwellwith

D.standupwith

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)standupfor“支持,堅(jiān)持”;B選項(xiàng)standupto“經(jīng)得起,抵抗,勇敢地面對(duì)”;C選項(xiàng)standwellwith“得……寵信;得某人好感,好評(píng)”;D選項(xiàng)standupwith“給……當(dāng)儐相,陪伴”。句意:地毯看起來(lái)很漂亮,但()不斷使用的磨損。這個(gè)句子要表達(dá)的意思是“但是經(jīng)不起不斷使用的磨損”,因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

11.單選題

Intoday’sworkingworldtherolesofmenandwomenarebecoming().

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.dwarfed

B.incorporated

C.correlated

D.blurred

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)dwarfed“矮小的”;B選項(xiàng)incorporated“合并的”;C選項(xiàng)correlated“有互相關(guān)系的”;D選項(xiàng)blurred“模糊的,記不清的”。句意:在當(dāng)今的工作世界中,男性和女性的角色正變得越來(lái)越()。按照選項(xiàng)和題干的意思,可以判斷出此處想要表達(dá)的意思是“男性角色和女性角色的(邊界)變得越來(lái)越模糊。”因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

12.單選題

Itwasclearthatthestorm()hisarrivalbytwohours.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.retarded

B.retired

C.refrained

D.retreated

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)retarded“延遲,阻止,妨礙”;B選項(xiàng)retired“退休,撤退,退卻”;C選項(xiàng)refrained“節(jié)制,克制”;D選項(xiàng)retreated“撤退,退避”。句意:很明顯,暴風(fēng)雨使他()了兩個(gè)小時(shí)到達(dá)。本句表示的是“暴風(fēng)雨使他晚到了兩小時(shí)”,因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

13.單選題

Heclaimsthatadvertisingtodaytendstoportraywomenintraditionalrolessuchascookingortakingcareofthebaby.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.depict

B.advocate

C.criticize

D.analyze

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“描述,描寫(xiě)”;B選項(xiàng)“呼吁,提倡”;C選項(xiàng)“批評(píng)”;D選項(xiàng)“分析”;題干中portray“描述,描畫(huà)”,句意:他聲稱(chēng),如今的廣告傾向于塑造女性扮演傳統(tǒng)角色,比如做飯或照顧孩子。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

14.單選題

Theywereinadreadful()whentheirmoney,ticketsandpassportswerestolenwhiletheywereonholiday.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.conspiracy

B.plight

C.serenity

D.custody

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)conspiracy“陰謀,共謀,陰謀集團(tuán)”;B選項(xiàng)plight“困境,境況,誓約”;C選項(xiàng)serenity“平靜,寧?kù)o”;D選項(xiàng)custody“保管,監(jiān)護(hù)”。句意:他們度假時(shí)錢(qián)、機(jī)票和護(hù)照被盜,陷入了可怕的_____。根據(jù)邏輯可知,在度假時(shí)丟失了財(cái)務(wù),肯定是陷入了困境,因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

15.單選題

VisitorstoBritainaresometimessurprisedtolearnthatnewspaperstherehavesuchalargecirculation.The“DailyMirror”andthe“DailyExpress”bothsellaboutfourmillioncopieseveryday.BritishfamiliesgenerallybuyanewspapereverymorningandfrequentlytaketwoorthreeonSundays.

Apartfromthenationalpapers,thereis,however,anotherbranchoftheBritishpresswhichsellsalmostasmanycopies.Localnewspapershaveaweeklycirculationof13million.Almosteverytownandcountryareahasone.Nearlyallofthemholdtheirownfinanciallyandmanyofthemareveryprofitable.

Thesepapersarewrittenalmostentirelyforreadersinterestedinlocalevents—births,weddings,deaths,councilmeetingsandsports—butthecontentisnaturallyinfluencedbythekindofcommunitytheyserve.Editorsprefertorelyonasmallstaffofpeoplewhoallknowthedistrictwell.Agreatdealoflocalnewsisregularlysuppliedbyclubsandchurchesintheneighborhoodanditdoesnotgetoutofdateasquicklyasnationalnews.Ifthereisnoroomforitinthisweek’sedition,anitemcansometimesbeheldoveruntilthefollowingweek.

Theeditormustneverforgetthatthesuccessofanynewspaperdependsonadvertising.Heisusuallyanxioustokeepthegoodwilloflocalbusinessmenforthisreason.Butifthenewspaperiswellwrittenandthenewsitemshavebeencarefullychosentoattractlocalreaders,thebusinessmenaregratefulfortheopportunitytokeeptheirproductsinthepubliceye.

Localnewspapersdonotoftencommentonproblemsofnationalimportanceandeditorsrarelyholdwithtakingsidesonpoliticalquestions.Buttheycanoftenbeofservicetothecommunityinexpressingpublicfeelingonlocalissues.Anewspapercansometimespersuadethecounciltotakeactiontoprovidebettershoppingfacilities,improvetransportintheareaandpreservelocalmonumentsandplacesofinterest.

Thesepapersoftensoundratherdullanditseemssurprisingthattheyallmakeprofit.Butformanypeopleinsmalltownsandvillagesthedeathofsomeoneknowntothemortheinstallationoftrafficlightsatabusystreetcornernearbycansometimesbemoreimportantthanadisasterinaforeigncountry.

1.Localnewspapershave()

2.Whichofthefollowingistrue?

3.Inthewriter’sopinion,theeditormustrememberthatnopapercanpossiblysucceedwithout().

4.Alocalnewspapercanservethecommunityby().

5.Whyisitthatlocalpapersallmakeaprofit?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.acirculationaslargeasthatofnationalnewspapers.

B.adailycirculationof13million.

C.aslightlysmallercirculationthannationalnewspapers.

D.anevenlargercirculation.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Everytownandcountryareahasatleastonepaperofitsown.

B.Nearlyalltownandcountryareashavetheirownpapers.

C.Thereisanewspaper,nationalorlocal,ineachtownandcountryarea.

D.Alotofremotetownandcountryareasdonothavetheirownpapers.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.advertisements

B.interestingreports

C.agreatdealofnationalnews

D.anexcellentsalesmanager

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.expressingpublicfeelingonlocalissues

B.preservinglocalmonumentsandplacesofinterest

C.voicingitsviewonpoliticalquestions

D.providingmoreimportantnationalnews

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Theyareaswellorganizedasthenationalpapers.

B.Theyarestaffedwithpeoplewhoknowtheirdistrictswell.

C.Theyhavehadsufficientsupportfromtheirclients.

D.Theirmainemphasisonlocaleventsmeetstheneedsofthecommunitytheyserve.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段Apartfromthenationalpapers,thereis,however,anotherbranchoftheBritishpresswhichsellsalmostasmanycopies.Localnewspapershaveaweeklycirculationof13million.(然而,除了全國(guó)性的報(bào)紙外,英國(guó)報(bào)業(yè)的另一個(gè)分支幾乎賣(mài)了同樣多的份。地方報(bào)紙每周的發(fā)行量為1300萬(wàn)份。)可以得知C選項(xiàng)“發(fā)行量比全國(guó)性報(bào)紙略小”正確。A選項(xiàng)“發(fā)行量與全國(guó)性報(bào)紙一樣大”與原文不符;B選項(xiàng)“每日發(fā)行量為1300萬(wàn)份”,定位到第二段Localnewspapershaveaweeklycirculationof13million.(地方報(bào)紙每周的發(fā)行量為1300萬(wàn)份。)是周發(fā)行量,而不是日發(fā)行量;D選項(xiàng)“發(fā)行量更大”與原文不符。

2.判斷推理題。B選項(xiàng)“幾乎所有的城鎮(zhèn)和農(nóng)村地區(qū)都有自己的報(bào)紙”,定位到第二段Almosteverytownandcountryareahasone.(幾乎每個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)和農(nóng)村地區(qū)都有一個(gè)。)因此B選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“每個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)和農(nóng)村地區(qū)都至少有一份自己的報(bào)紙”與原文不符,并沒(méi)有說(shuō)至少要有一份;C選項(xiàng)“在每個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)和鄉(xiāng)村地區(qū)都有一份全國(guó)性或地方性的報(bào)紙”,這個(gè)也與原文有出入;D選項(xiàng)“許多偏遠(yuǎn)的城鎮(zhèn)和農(nóng)村地區(qū)沒(méi)有自己的報(bào)紙?!卞e(cuò)誤。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到倒數(shù)第三段Theeditormustneverforgetthatthesuccessofanynewspaperdependsonadvertising.(編輯絕不能忘記任何報(bào)紙的成功都依賴(lài)于廣告。)因此A選項(xiàng)“廣告”正確。B選項(xiàng)“有趣的報(bào)道”;C選項(xiàng)“大量的國(guó)家新聞”;D選項(xiàng)“一位出色的銷(xiāo)售經(jīng)理”都與原文不符。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段Thesepapersarewrittenalmostentirelyforreadersinterestedinlocalevents—births,weddings,deaths,councilmeetingsandsports—butthecontentisnaturallyinfluencedbythekindofcommunitytheyserve.(這些報(bào)紙幾乎完全是為那些對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)厥录ǔ錾?、婚禮、死亡、議會(huì)會(huì)議和體育)感興趣的讀者而寫(xiě)的,但其內(nèi)容自然受到它們所服務(wù)的社區(qū)類(lèi)型的影響。)因此A選項(xiàng)“表達(dá)公眾對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)貑?wèn)題的看法”正確。B選項(xiàng)“保存當(dāng)?shù)氐墓袍E和名勝古跡”;C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)政治問(wèn)題發(fā)表意見(jiàn)”;D選項(xiàng)“提供更重要的國(guó)家新聞”都不是它服務(wù)社區(qū)的做法,只是片面的信息。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干定位到倒數(shù)第二段和倒數(shù)第一段Localnewspapersdonotoftencommentonproblemsofnational...ofinterest.(地方報(bào)紙通常不評(píng)論具有全國(guó)重要性的問(wèn)題,編輯也很少在政治問(wèn)題上偏袒任何一方。但是,在表達(dá)公眾對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)貑?wèn)題的看法方面,它們往往可以對(duì)社區(qū)有所幫助。報(bào)紙有時(shí)可以說(shuō)服議會(huì)采取行動(dòng),提供更好的購(gòu)物設(shè)施,改善該地區(qū)的交通,并保護(hù)當(dāng)?shù)氐墓袍E和名勝古跡。)以及Thesepapersoftensoundratherdullandit...foreigncountry.(這些報(bào)紙常常聽(tīng)起來(lái)很枯燥,令人驚訝的是它們都在盈利。但對(duì)小城鎮(zhèn)和鄉(xiāng)村的許多人來(lái)說(shuō),認(rèn)識(shí)的人的死亡或在附近繁忙的街角安裝交通燈,有時(shí)比外國(guó)發(fā)生的災(zāi)難更重要。)從這兩段可以看出,雖然這些報(bào)紙聽(tīng)起來(lái)有些枯燥,但是它是對(duì)小鎮(zhèn)人民最有吸引力的,因此D選項(xiàng)“他們對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)鼗顒?dòng)的主要重視滿(mǎn)足了他們所服務(wù)的社區(qū)的需要”正確。A選項(xiàng)“它們和全國(guó)性的報(bào)紙一樣組織嚴(yán)密”原文沒(méi)有提及;B選項(xiàng)“它們的工作人員都很了解自己的地區(qū)”是無(wú)關(guān)項(xiàng);C選項(xiàng)“他們有足夠的客戶(hù)支持”,這個(gè)沒(méi)有說(shuō)出本質(zhì)原因,而是表面現(xiàn)象。

16.翻譯題

1924年,第一屆冬季奧運(yùn)會(huì)開(kāi)幕,比賽內(nèi)容涵蓋了多項(xiàng)適合冬季的運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目。最初的奧運(yùn)會(huì)所指的是我們所說(shuō)的夏季奧運(yùn)會(huì)。1968年,專(zhuān)門(mén)為殘疾人舉辦的第一屆特奧會(huì)在美國(guó)開(kāi)幕。特奧會(huì)與奧運(yùn)會(huì)的概念相似,不同的是,在1993年以前,它一直都是在美國(guó)舉辦的。

【答案】ThefirstWinterOlympicGamesisheldin1924,thecontentofwhichincludesvariouskindsofwintersports.TheinitialO1ympicGamesrefertoSummerOlympicGames.In1968,thefirstOlympicsGamesforthedisabled,namedSpecialOlympicsGameswasheldinAmerica,whichhasasimilarconceptwithOlympicGames.However,whatmakestheSpecialOlympicsGamesdifferenti

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