2022年考研考博-考博英語-全國醫(yī)學統(tǒng)考考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號44

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-全國醫(yī)學統(tǒng)考考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

問題1選項

A.Todropherbusinessproposal.

B.Togivemoredetailsaboutherproposal.

C.Toweighlossesandgainsofthebusiness.

D.Tosubmittheproposalbeforethedeadline.

【答案】B

【解析】4.W:Wouldyouliketohearaboutmynewbusinessproposal?I’vebeenthinkingaboutitforalongtime.AndIthinkitcouldbereallyprofitabletostartexportingmedicalthreeD-printerstoChina.

M:ExportingmedicalthreeD-printerstoChina.Ithinkyouneedtoelaborate.

Q:Whatisthewomanaskedtodo?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。題干為：女士被要求做什么？由文中“ExportingmedicalthreeD-printerstoChina.Ithinkyouneedtoelaborate.（出口3D醫(yī)療打印技術(shù)到中國，我想你還需要細化一下方案）”，可知B選項“Togivemoredetailsaboutherproposal.（要詳細闡述一下她的建議）”符合原文。A選項“不考慮她的商業(yè)建議”；C選項“衡量企業(yè)的損益”；D選項“在截至日期之前提交提案”不符合原文。

2.單選題

TheremaybenobetterexampleofwhatismeantbypreventivemedicinethanthestrategyofVaccination.Ahealthypersonisgivenatinytasteofavirus—fluorpolio,say—that’stooweaktocauseillnessbutjustenoughtointroducethebodytothepathogen.Iftheviruslatershowsupforreal,theimmunesystemisprimedandwaitingforit.

That’sclosetohowacancervaccineworks,butnotprecisely.Mostexpertsseecancervaccinesasahybridoftreatmentandprevention.Whileit’struethattheU.S.FoodandDrugAdministrationhasapprovedvaccinesagainstcervicalandlivercancer,botharedesignedtofightthevirusesmostresponsibleforcausingthedisease,asopposedtotargetingcanceritself—humanpapillomavirus(HPV;人乳頭瘤病毒)inthecaseofcervicalcancerandhepatitisBinthecaseoflivertumors.

Usingvaccinestopreventnonviralcancersinsomeonewhoisdisease-freeisawholedifferentmater.Foronething,it’smuchmoredifficulttodetermineaperson’schanceofdevelopingaparticulartypeofcancerthanitistodeterminethelikelihoodofbeingexposedto,say,theinfluenzavirusorchickenpox.Whatpassesfor“exposure”inthecaseofnonviralcancersisacombinationofgenesandenvironmentandarangeofotherXfactorsthatcanvaryfrompersontoperson.Howdoyouvaccinateagainstyourfamilylegacyofbreastcanceroryourconstantexposuretosecondhandcigarettesmoke?

Butthatdoesn’tmeantheimmunesystemcan’tbeexploitedinadifferentway.Cancervaccineswouldideallybeusedinpatientswhosediseasehasalreadybeendiagnosedandtreatedwithsurgery,chemotherapyorradiation.Theywouldthenbeimmunizedasawaytopreventthecancerfromcomingbackandspreading.Suchmetastasesareactuallytheleadingcauseofdeathfromcancer.“Thecharmofworkingwiththeimmunesystemisthatwecanusethebody’sowndefensemechanismstopossiblygettothatlastcancercelloratleastcreateasurveillancesystemthatkeepsthatcancerundercontrol,”saysanoncologist.

1.Thefirstparagraphismeanttodescribe（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingistrueofvaccinesagainstcancer?

3.Accordingtothepassage,whyisitdifficulttousevaccinestopreventnon-viralcancers?

4.Fromthecontext,whatdoestheauthorsuggestbysaying“passesfor‘exposure’”?

5.Wecanconcludefromthelastparagraphthat（

）.

問題1選項

A.theevolutionofvaccination

B.themechanismofvaccination

C.thesignificanceofvaccination

D.thepopularizationofvaccination

問題2選項

A.Theyareboththerapeuticandpreventive.

B.Vaccinesagainstcervicalcanceralsoworkonlivercancer.

C.Vaccinescanreplaceothertherapeuticmodalitiesforcancer.

D.Theystrictlyfollowthemechanismoftraditionalvaccination.

問題3選項

A.Becausetoomanyfactorsmakeithardtodeterminethemaincauses.

B.Becausegeneticmakeupplaysadominantroleincancerdevelopment.

C.Becausethedevelopmentofsuchvaccinesrequiresenormousinvestment.

D.Becauseliteratureislimitedontheefficacyofvaccinesfornon-viralcancers.

問題4選項

A.The“exposure”inantiviralvaccinationandanticancervaccinationisdifferent.

B.The“exposure”incancervaccinationdoesnotproduceanylong-termeffect.

C.“Exposure”isauselessconceptwhencancerisgenetically-determined.

D.Constant“exposure”tosomethingmaymaketheexposureineffective.

問題5選項

A.vaccinationisabletopreventtheoccurrenceofcancer

B.cancervaccinesmayreplacetheconventionaltherapies

C.cancervaccinesmaycontrolthecancerrecurrencesandmetastases

D.vaccinationagainstcancerispossibleintheorybutalmostimpossibleinreality

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.【選項釋義】

Thefirstparagraphismeanttodescribe（）.第一段是為了描述____。

A.theevolutionofvaccinationA.疫苗的發(fā)展

B.themechanismofvaccinationB.疫苗接種機制

C.thesignificanceofvaccinationC.接種疫苗的意義

D.thepopularizationofvaccinationD.疫苗接種的普及

【答案】B

【考查點】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)出處提示詞firstparagraph與題干信息可定位至原文第一段第一句“預防醫(yī)學中，沒有比疫苗注射策略更好的例子了”，推斷第一段主要是向我們介紹疫苗注射后是如何起作用的，所以B選項“疫苗接種機制”符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“疫苗的發(fā)展”，文中沒有提及屬于無中生有；

C選項“接種疫苗的意義”文中沒有提及屬于無中生有；

D選項“疫苗接種的普及”屬于無中生有。

2.【選項釋義】

Whichofthefollowingistrueofvaccinesagainstcancer?關(guān)于癌癥疫苗，下列哪項是正確的？

A.Theyareboththerapeuticandpreventive.A.它們既具有治療作用又具有預防作用。

B.Vaccinesagainstcervicalcanceralsoworkonlivercancer.B.宮頸癌疫苗對肝癌也有效。

C.Vaccinescanreplaceothertherapeuticmodalitiesforcancer.C.疫苗可以替代癌癥的其他治療方式。

D.Theystrictlyfollowthemechanismoftraditionalvaccination.D.它們嚴格遵循傳統(tǒng)的疫苗接種機制。

【答案】A

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位至原文第二段第二句“大多數(shù)專家認為癌癥疫苗是治療和預防的結(jié)合”，由此句可知A選項“它們既具有治療作用又具有預防作用”符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

B選項“宮頸癌疫苗對肝癌也有效?！?，文中提到“這兩種疫苗都是為了對抗引起疾病的主要病毒，而不是針對癌癥”，所以該選項屬于過度推斷；

C選項“疫苗可以替代癌癥的其他治療方式?！?，與原文意思不符，屬于反向干擾；

D選項“它們嚴格遵循傳統(tǒng)的疫苗接種機制?！?，文中沒有提及屬于無中生有。

3.【選項釋義】

Accordingtothepassage,whyisitdifficulttousevaccinestopreventnon-viralcancers?根據(jù)文章，為什么使用疫苗來預防非病毒性癌癥如此困難？

A.Becausetoomanyfactorsmakeithardtodeterminethemaincauses.A.因為太多的因素使得很難確定主要的原因。

B.Becausegeneticmakeupplaysadominantroleincancerdevelopment.B.因為基因組成在癌癥發(fā)展中起著主導作用。

C.Becausethedevelopmentofsuchvaccinesrequiresenormousinvestment.C.因為開發(fā)這種疫苗需要巨大的投資。

D.Becauseliteratureislimitedontheefficacyofvaccinesfornon-viralcancers.D.因為文獻對非病毒性癌癥的疫苗療效有限。

【答案】A

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位至原文第三段最后兩句“在非病毒性癌癥中，所謂的‘接觸’是基因、環(huán)境和一系列因人而異的其他未知因素的結(jié)合。試問你如何接種疫苗來預防你的家族遺傳性乳腺癌或抵制長期接觸的二手煙？”推斷非病毒性癌癥致病的因素是一系列綜合因素，無法通過接種疫苗來免疫。所以A選項“因為太多的因素使得很難確定主要的原因?！狈项}意。

【干擾項排除】

B選項“因為基因組成在癌癥發(fā)展中起著主導作用?！?，原文中只說家族遺傳的很難用疫苗來預防，并未說其組成占主導地位，這里偷換概念；

C選項“因為開發(fā)這種疫苗需要巨大的投資?！?，文中沒有提及屬于無中生有；

D選項“因為文獻對非病毒性癌癥的疫苗療效有限?！?，文中沒有提及屬于無中生有。

4.【選項釋義】

Fromthecontext,whatdoestheauthorsuggestbysaying“passesfor‘exposure’”?從上下文來看，作者說“通行證是‘接觸’”是什么意思？

A.The“exposure”inantiviralvaccinationandanticancervaccinationisdifferent.A.在抗病毒疫苗接種和抗癌疫苗接種中的“接觸”是不同的。

B.The“exposure”incancervaccinationdoesnotproduceanylong-termeffect.B.癌癥疫苗的“接觸”不會產(chǎn)生任何長期的影響。

C.“Exposure”isauselessconceptwhencancerisgenetically-determined.C.當癌癥是由基因決定的時候，“接觸”是一個無用的概念。

D.Constant“exposure”tosomethingmaymaketheexposureineffective.D.持續(xù)地“接觸”某些東西可能會使接觸變得無效。

【答案】A

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“passesfor‘exposure’（通過‘接觸’所傳遞的事物）”可將信息點定位至原文第三段倒數(shù)第二句“在非病毒性癌癥中，所謂的‘接觸’是基因、環(huán)境和一系列因人而異的其他未知因素的組合”，再結(jié)合本段第一句“使用疫苗來預防無病人的非病毒性癌癥是完全不同的事情?！庇蛇@兩句可知A選項“在抗病毒疫苗接種和抗癌疫苗接種中的‘接觸’是不同的?！狈项}意。

【干擾項排除】

B選項“癌癥疫苗的‘接觸’不會產(chǎn)生任何長期的影響?！保闹袥]有提及屬于無中生有；

C選項“當癌癥是由基因決定的時候，‘接觸’是一個無用的概念?！?，文中沒有提及，屬于無中生有；

D選項“持續(xù)地‘接觸’某些東西可能會使接觸變得無效?！?，文中沒有提及屬于無中生有。

5.【選項釋義】

Wecanconcludefromthelastparagraphthat（）.從最后一段我們可以得出結(jié)論____。

A.vaccinationisabletopreventtheoccurrenceofcancerA.接種疫苗可以預防癌癥的發(fā)生

B.cancervaccinesmayreplacetheconventionaltherapiesB.癌癥疫苗可能會取代傳統(tǒng)療法

C.cancervaccinesmaycontrolthecancerrecurrencesandmetastasesC.癌癥疫苗可以控制癌癥的復發(fā)和轉(zhuǎn)移

D.vaccinationagainstcancerispossibleintheorybutalmostimpossibleinrealityD.接種癌癥疫苗在理論上是可能的，但在現(xiàn)實中幾乎是不可能的

【答案】C

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)提示詞lastParagraph與題干信息可定位至原文最后一段第二、三句“理想情況下，癌癥疫苗將用于那些已經(jīng)通過手術(shù)、化療或放療進行診斷和治療的患者。讓他們形成免疫能力，以防止癌癥復發(fā)和擴散?！庇蛇@兩句可知C選項“癌癥疫苗可以控制癌癥的復發(fā)和轉(zhuǎn)移”符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“接種疫苗可以預防癌癥的發(fā)生”，文中并沒有說接種疫苗后就不會發(fā)生癌癥，屬于過度推斷；

B選項“癌癥疫苗可能會取代傳統(tǒng)療法”，文中只是說運用了疫苗這個方法，并沒有說取代，屬于過度推斷；

D選項“接種癌癥疫苗在理論上是可能的，但在現(xiàn)實中幾乎是不可能的”，文中沒有提及屬于無中生有。

3.單選題

問題1選項

A.Animalabuseorcruelty.

B.Theevolutionofanimals.

C.Thehistoryofanimalhunting.

D.Anendangeredanimalspecies.

【答案】D

【解析】2.W:TheSiberiantigersarethelargestlivinganimalsinthecatfamily.Unfortunately,thereareonlyafewhundredalivenow.

M:Mygreatgrandfatherwasahunter,andheusedtohuntSiberiantigers.Ireallywishhehadn’t.

Q:Whatarethetwospeakerstalkingabout?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。題干為：這兩個人在談論什么？由文中“TheSiberiantigersarethelargestlivinganimalsinthecatfamily.Unfortunately,thereareonlyafewhundredalivenow.（西伯利亞虎是現(xiàn)存最大的貓科動物。不幸的是，現(xiàn)在只有幾百只還活著。）”，可知他們在談論的是“瀕臨滅絕的野生動物”，所以D選項“Anendangeredanimalspecies（一種瀕臨滅絕的動物）”符合原文。A選項“殘酷的虐待動物”；B選項“動物的進化”；C選項“動物狩獵的歷史”不符合原文。

4.單選題

4.

問題1選項

A.Fourdays.

B.Tendays.

C.Oneweek.

D.Twoweeks.

【答案】D

【解析】W:Well,Mr.Black,whatbroughtyoualongtoday?

M:I’vegotapaininmystomach.

W:Howlonghaveitbeenbotheringyou?

M:Afortnight.

Q:Howlonghastheman’sstomachache?

【解析】細節(jié)題。Afortnight的意思是十四日，兩周。

5.單選題

問題1選項

A.WithDr.Smithat10onWednesday.

B.WithDr.Smithat10onTuesday

C.WithDr.Jonesat10onWednesday.

D.WithDr.Jonesat10onTuesday.

【答案】A

【解析】14.M:Ineedtocomeinandseethedoctor.IhavereallyitchyskinandthinkImayhavetohaveitlookedat.

W:IhopetimesavailableforTuesdayorWednesday,whichonewouldworkbestforyou?

M:IwanttocomeinonWednesday.

W:Icanfityouinonthatdayatten,doctorSmithorDoctorJonesisavailable.

M:IwouldpreferDoctorSmith.

Q:Whatistheman’sappointment?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。題干為：男士預約了什么？由文中“IwanttocomeinonWednesday.（我想星期三來。）”和“Icanfityouinonthatdayatten（我可以幫你預約那天上午10點。）”以及“IwouldpreferdoctorSmith.（我想約史密斯醫(yī)生。）”，可知A選項“WithDr.Smithat10onWednesday.（周三上午10點史密斯醫(yī)生。）”符合原文。

6.單選題

3.

問題1選項

A.Hehasnocomplainsaboutdoctor.

B.Hewon’tcomplainanything.

C.Heisingoodcondition.

D.Hecouldn’tbeworse.

【答案】C

【解析】W:Howhaveyoubeenfeelingingeneral?

M:Nothingtocomplain,really.

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

【解析】男士說：Nothingtocomplain（沒什么好抱怨的），意思是情況還不錯。

7.單選題

9.

問題1選項

A.Toasklocalpeopleforhelp.

B.TodoasRomansdoonlywheninRome.

C.Trytoactlikethepeoplefromthatculture.

D.Staywithyourcountryfellow.

【答案】C

【解析】W:Mostpeoplefeelcultureshockwhentravelingtoaforeignculture.

M:That’sforsure.ButtheyshoulddoasRomansdo.

Q:Accordingtotheman,whatarepeoplesupposedtodowhentravelingtoaforeignculture?

【解析】固定詞組。男士說：ButtheyshoulddoasRomansdo。doasRomansdo的含義是“入鄉(xiāng)隨俗”。

8.單選題

16-20

問題1選項

A.Aduodenalulcer.

B.Stomachulcer.

C.AMouthulcer.

D.Askinulcer.

問題2選項

A.Haveanoperation.

B.Trymedicalmeans.

C.Seeapsychiatrist.

D.Beoffworkforawhile.

問題3選項

A.Overweight.

B.Smoking.

C.Heredity

D.Stress.

問題4選項

A.Heisalightsmoker.

B.Heisacasualsmoker.

C.Heisaheavysmoker.

D.Heisamoderatesmoker.

問題5選項

A.Stopsmoking.

B.Haveasurgery.

C.Eatregularlyandexercisemore.

D.MakeanappointmentwithDr.Oakes.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】W:Howareyounow?

M:Nottoogood.

W:Areyoustillgettingthepain?

M:Yes.

W:Well.TheX-raydoctorfoundirritabilityanddistortionoftheduodenumalthoughtherewasnoactualulcervisibleontheX-ray.(16)Thisdoesnotnecessarilymeanthatyouhavenoduodenalulcer.Wehavetodecidethebestwayoftreatingit.Therearetwoways:medicalandsurgical.(17)Inyoungpeople,wetrytoavoidoperationsandwehopethatmedicalmeanswillhelp.Now,youdidhaveaspellinhospitalanditdisappearedbutnowitstartedagain.Hasanyoneinyourfamilyhadanulcer?

M:Yes,myfatherhadonebutitclearedup.

W:Well,(18)thiscouldberelevantasulcersmayruninthefamily.Theotherfactorsofcoursearesmoking,worryandanxiety,irregularmealsorovertiredness,overworkandstress.Theseallwilleffectanulcer.Unfortunately，youhavealotofstressandworryathome,soIfeeldespiteyourbeingsoyoung,puttingyoutobedforafewweeksisn’tenough.I’dlikeyoutoseeMr.Oakes.Hehasagreatdealofexperiencewithulcers.Andifhefeelsanoperationistheanswer,Ithinkweshouldtakehisadvice.Now,haveyoumanagedtodoanythingaboutyoursmoking?

M:(19)Ismokeabout50aday.

W:Howoftendoyougetthepainnow?

M:Everyday.

W:Haveyoulosttimefromworkbecauseofit?

M:Yes.Nowadayshereandthere.

W:Well,(20)makeanappointmenttoseeMr.Oakes,andI'llwritetohimandtoyourdoctor.

M:Thankyou,doctor.

16.Whatisthemansufferingfrom?

【解析】細節(jié)題。根據(jù)醫(yī)生描述，他遭受的是duodenalulcer（十二指腸潰瘍）的痛苦。故選A。

17.Totreatthediseasementionedinthetalk,whatwouldthedoctorusuallysuggestayoungpatientdo?

【解析】細節(jié)題。醫(yī)生說治療潰瘍通常有兩種方式：手術(shù)方式和醫(yī)療方式。對于年輕人群，醫(yī)生都建議避免手術(shù)，采用medicalmeans。故選B。

18.Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedasacontributingfactoroftheman’sdisease?

【解析】細節(jié)題。題目問哪一個不是造成該疾病可能的原因。醫(yī)生提到了吸煙、遺傳和壓力，沒有提及體重超重。

19.Whatcanwesayaboutthemanconsideringthenumberofcigaretteshesmokes?

【解析】細節(jié)題。男士說他每天抽50支煙，這一定是一個重度煙民。故選C。

20.Whatisthemangoingtodoaftertheconsultation?

【解析】細節(jié)題。醫(yī)生建議病人要咨詢Dr.Oakes，因為他對十二指腸潰瘍治療十分專業(yè)，應該聽取他的意見。故選D。

9.單選題

13.

問題1選項

A.Whoopingcough,smallpoxandmeasles.

B.Whoopingcough,chickenpoxandmeasles.

C.Whoopingcough,smallpoxandGermanmeasles.

D.Whoopingcough,chickenpoxandGermanmeasles.

【答案】B

【解析】M:I’dliketoaskyouaboutyourpastmedicalhistory.Canyoutellmeifyouhadanychildhooddiseases?

W:WhenIwassmall,Ihadmeasles(麻疹),chickenpox(水痘)andwhoopingcough(百日咳).ButIdon’tthinkIeverhadGermanmeasles(風疹).

Q:Whatdiseasesdidthewomanhavewhenshewassmall?

【解析】細節(jié)題。女士小時候得過麻疹、水痘和百日咳。但沒得過風疹。

10.單選題

問題1選項

A.Itsbenefits.

B.ltseffects.

C.ltsdisadvantages.

D.ltsusefulness.

問題2選項

A.lthelpstosimplifythetask.

B.ltmakestheclinicalinformationsystemsmorecomplex.

C.Itismoredifficultwithoutclinicalinformationsystem.

D.ltissimplertocarrythetaskout.

問題3選項

A.Theyareforcedtobebrief.

B.Theysavedoctor'stime.

C.Theytendtobelongbutmeaningless.

D.Theyarewelcomedbydoctors.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

【解析】第1題:對于臨床信息系統(tǒng)，對話中的描述是“Complexclinicalinformationsystemsmakesimpletasksdifficulttocarryout（復雜的臨床信息系統(tǒng)使得簡單的任務難以執(zhí)行）”，這是在說它的缺點，所以C選項正確。

第2題:這個女性提到醫(yī)生對于這個軟件的抱怨“Complexclinicalinformationsystemsmakesimpletasksdifficulttocarryout（復雜的臨床信息系統(tǒng)使得簡單的任務難以執(zhí)行）”，說明這個軟件其實使得臨床信息系統(tǒng)更加復雜了，因此B選項正確。

第3題:最后一句說到“Thesenotesareoftenexcessivelylongandlackingmeaning（計算機生成的臨床記錄一般都很長而且毫無意義）”，因此C選項符合文意。

11.單選題

21-25

問題1選項

A.Heisamanwhohasageneoflongevity.

B.HeisaprofessoratBostonUniversity.

C.HeistheownerofthewebsiteT.

D.Heisthecreatorofawebsiteonlongevity.

問題2選項

A.Womendon'tlikeredmeatasmuchasmen.

B.Thehighestrogenlevelinwomenmakesthedifferences.

C.Womendevelopcardiovasculardiseasemuchlaterthanmen.

D.Theincidenceofcardiovasculardiseaseismuchlowerinwomen.

問題3選項

A.intheir50sand60s.

B.intheir60sand70s.

C.intheir70sand80s.

D.intheir80sand90s.

問題4選項

A.Calcium.

B.Lodine(骨關(guān)節(jié)炎).

C.Zinc.

D.Iron.

問題5選項

A.Thereasonwhyredmeatisharmfultohealth.

B.Thereasonwhyvegetarianfoodissopopular.

C.Anotherpossibilityforwomen'slongevity.

D.Theimportantroleironplaysincellularreactions.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】Acrosstheindustrializedworld,womenstilllive5to10yearslongerthanmen.Amongpeopleover100yearsold,85%arewomen,(21)accordingtoTomPerls,founderoftheNewEnglandCentenarianStudyatBostonUniversityandcreatorofthewebsiteL.Taskshimwhy.

Whydowomenlivelongerthanmen?

(22)Oneimportantreasonisthebigdelay—andadvantage—womenhaveovermenintermsofcardiovasculardisease,likeheartattackandstroke.(23)Womendeveloptheseproblemsusuallyintheir70sand80s,about10yearslaterthanmen

whodevelopthemintheir50sand60s.Foralongtime,doctorsthoughtthedifferencewasduetoestrogen.Butstudieshaveshownthatthismaynotbethecase,andnowweknowthatgivingestrogentowomenpost-menopausecanactuallybebadforthem.

Normal07.8磅02falsefalsefalseEN-USZH-CNX-NONE(24)(25)Onereasonforthatdelayinonsetofcardiovasculardiseasecouldbethatwomenarerelativelyiron-deficientcomparedtomen—especiallyyoungermen,thoseintheirlateteensandearly20s—becauseofmenstruation.Ironplaysanveryimportantpartinthereactionsinourcellsthatproducedamagingfreeradicals,whichglueontocellmembranesandDNA,andmaytranslateintoagingthecell.Infact,inourdiets,redmeatisthemainsourceofiron,andlackofironisprobablyonemajorreasonthatbeingvegetarianishealthyforyou.TherewasaverygoodstudylookingattheintakeofredmeatandheartdiseaseinLeidenintheNetherlands:inregionswherepeopledidn'teatredmeat,thosepopulationshadhalftherateofheartattackandstrokecomparedtothepopulationsthatdideatredmeat.

21.Accordingtothepassage,whatistrueaboutTomPerls,founderoftheNewEnglandCentenarianStudy?

【解析】細節(jié)題。此人是波士頓大學某個研究中心的，但并未說他是教授。故選D

22.AccordingtoTomPerls,whichofthefollowingmightbeanimportantreasonthatwomenlivelongerthanmen?

【解析】細節(jié)題。根據(jù)文中所述，女性比男性普遍壽命長的原因是女性患心腦血管疾病的年紀比男性晚。

23.Accordingtothepassage,whendomenusuallydevelopcardiovasculardisease?

【解析】細節(jié)題。文中說到女性通常在七八十歲時出現(xiàn)問題，比男性晚10年左右，而男性則在六七十歲時出現(xiàn)問題。

24.Comparedtomen,whichofthefollowingiswomenrelativelydeficientin?

【解析】細節(jié)題。文中說到女性因為例假造成鐵元素缺乏。

25.Whatmightthenextparagraphdiscuss?

【解析】細節(jié)題。本文主題講到oneofthereasons證明下文還要講其它原因，故選C。

12.單選題

PassageTwo

問題1選項

A.1996.

B.1997.

C.2011.

D.2014.

問題2選項

A.Itsbenefitstohealth.

B.Itsimproperuseinsoftdrinks.

C.Theamountofcaffeine.

D.Theconsumptionofenergydrinks.

問題3選項

A.Ageaffectsthebody’sresponsetocaffeine.

B.Otheringredientsalsomakeenergydrinksunsafe.

C.Caffeineinbeveragesgreatlyimprovesperformance.

D.Energydrinksareriskyforpeoplewithheartproblems.

問題4選項

A.Becausetheyareinsufficientlyinvestigated.

B.Becausetheyarenotjudgedasfairlyascoffeeortea.

C.Becausetheyaremorebeneficialthanharmfultokids.

D.Becausetheyarenottheprimarycaffeinesourcesforkids.

問題5選項

A.Strict.

B.Official.

C.Voluntary.

D.Compulsory.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】Energydrinks—wehearallthetimethatthey’rereallybadforus,especiallyforteens.Wealldrinkthemanyway.Soenergydrinksreallythatbad.First,let’srewindbackto1997.WhenRedBullbecamethefirstenergydrinktoreachthemarketintheUS.Sincethen,energydrinkslikeRedBullhavesky-rocketedinpopularity.Butthingsstartedgettingintensein2011.WhentheAmericanAcademyofPediatricsrecommendedthatchildrenshouldneverdrinkenergydrinks.Thereasonwhytheyweresoworried—caffeine.Thecaffeineisinatonofthingslikecoffee,tea,soda,andevenchocolate.Andthedangersofcaffeinereallyboileddowntohowmuchyouhave.Acupofcoffeeusuallyhasbetween90fiveto,200milligramsofcaffeine.So,foradults,theexpertsrecommendnomorethan400milligramsaday,andforkids,nomorethan100milligrams.Soalittlebitofcaffeine,probablynotthatbad,buthighdosescanbelethal.In2011,apaperpublishedinthejournalpediatricsreviewedtheeffectsofenergydrinksonchildren,adolescence,andyoungadults.Theresearchhasfoundthatageaffectsthebody’sresponsetocaffeineandenergydrinkscouldbeespeciallyriskyforkidswithheartproblems.ADHBordiabetes.Giventheseconcerns,itmaycomeasnosurprisethatsomeplaceshavepushedforcompletelybanningthesalesofenergydrinkstoanyoneundertheageof18.Asfaraswecantell,thathasn’tpassedlocallyhereintheusbutin2014,Lithuaniabecamethefirstcountrytoactuallybanthesaleofenergydrinkstoanyoneundertheageof18.

Butnoteveryoneisafanoftheseideas.Somethinktheserestrictionsareunfair.Ifyouaren’tworriedaboutsellingcoffeeorteatokids,whysingleoutenergydrinks?SotheAmericanbeverageassociation,thetradegrouprepresentingmanyoftheseenergydrinks,cameupwithanotheridea—voluntaryguidelinesforlabelingenergydrinks.

26.WhendidenergydrinkfirstappearintheAmericanmarket?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。題干為：功能飲料第一次出現(xiàn)在美國市場是什么時候？由文中“First,let’srewindbackto1997.WhenRedBullbecamethefirstenergydrinktoreachthemarketintheUS.（首先讓我們回到1997年。當‘紅?！蔀榈谝豢罟δ茱嬃贤度朊绹袌觯?，可知B選項“1997”符合原文。A選項“1996”；C選項“2011”；D選項“2014”不符合原文。

27.Whenitcomestocaffeine,whatseemstobetheissue?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干為：說到咖啡因，問題出在哪里？由文中“Thereasonwhytheyweresoworried—caffeine.Thecaffeineisinatonofthingslikecoffee,tea,soda,andevenchocolate.（他們?nèi)绱藫牡脑蚴强Х纫??？Х纫虺霈F(xiàn)在很多東西，比如咖啡、茶、蘇打甚至是巧克力里面）”以及“thedangersofcaffeinereallyboileddowntohowmuchyouhave.（咖啡因的危險其實在于我們攝入多少）”，可知C選項“Theamountofcaffeine.（咖啡因的量）”符合原文。A選項“對健康有好處”；B選項“在軟飲料中使用不當”；D選項“能量飲料的消耗”不符合原文。

28.Whichofthefollowingfindingsisreportedinthejournalpediatrics?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。題干為：以下哪項發(fā)現(xiàn)被刊登在《兒科學》雜志上？由文中“Theresearchhasfoundthatageaffectsthebody’sresponsetocaffeineandenergydrinkscouldbeespeciallyriskyforkidswithheartproblems.ADHBordiabetes.（研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，年齡影響身體對于咖啡因的反應，功能飲料對于孩子特別危險，可能導致心臟病，ADHB和糖尿?。?，可知A選項“Ageaffectsthebody’sresponsetocaffeine（年齡影響身體對于咖啡因的反應）”符合原文。B選項“其他成分也使能量飲料不安全”；C選項“飲料中的咖啡因大大提高了表現(xiàn)”D選項“能量飲料對有心臟問題的人有風險”不符合原文。

29.Whydosomedisagreewiththerestrictionsontheenergydrinkstokids?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干為：為什么有些人不同意對兒童能量飲料進行限制？由文中“Somethinktheserestrictionsareunfair.Ifyouaren’tworriedaboutsellingcoffeeorteatokids,whysingleoutenergydrinks?（一些人認為這些限制是不合理的。如果你不擔心向兒童出售咖啡和茶飲料，為什么獨獨對功能飲料不排斥呢？）”，可知B選項“Becausetheyarenotjudgedasfairlyascoffeeortea.（因為他們不能將功能飲料與茶和咖啡相提并論）”符合原文。A選項“因為它們沒有得到充分的調(diào)查”；C選項“因為它們對孩子是有益的而不是有害的”；D選項“因為它們不是孩子的主要咖啡因來源”不符合原文。

30.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribethelabelingguidelinesfromtheAmericanbeverageassociation?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干為：以下哪一項能最好地描述美國飲料協(xié)會的標簽指南？由文中“SotheAmericanbeverageassociation,thetradegrouprepresentingmanyoftheseenergydrinks,cameupwithanotheridea—voluntaryguidelinesforlabelingenergydrinks.（因此，美國飲料協(xié)會—代表功能飲料大多數(shù)企業(yè)的貿(mào)易組織產(chǎn)生了另一個想法—對于功能飲料標簽自發(fā)制定指導標準）”，可知美國飲料協(xié)會制定的標簽標準是C選項“voluntary（自發(fā)的）”符合原文。A選項“嚴格的”；B選項“正式的”；D選項“強迫的”不符合原文。

13.單選題

26-30

問題1選項

A.Vegetativepatientsaremoreaware.

B.Vegetativepatientsretainsomecontroloftheireyemovement.

C.EEGscansmayhelpuscommunicatewiththevegetativepatients.

D.Weusuallycommunicatewiththebrain-deadpeoplebybrain-wave.

問題2選項

A.Theleft-handsideofthebrain.

B.Theright-handsideofthebrain.

C.Thecentralpartofthebrain.

D.Thefrontpartofthebrain.

問題3選項

A.31

B.6

C.4

D.1

問題4選項

A.Thepatientwasbrain-dead.

B.Thepatientwasn’tbrain-dead.

C.Thepatienthadsomecontroloverhiseyemovements.

D.Thepatientknewthemovementheorshewasmaking.

問題5選項

A.Thepatientisnotechnicallyvegetative.

B.Thepatientcancommunicateinsomeway.

C.Wecantrainthepatientofspeak.

D.Thefamilymembersanddoctorscanprovidebettercare.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】(26)Brainwavescannersmightmakeitpossibletocommunicatewithpeoplewhoareconsideredbrain-dead,accordingtoanewstudyreportedintheEconomist.

Acoupleofrecentstudieshaveshownthatasmallminorityofvegetativepatientsmightbemoreawarethantheyseem.Now,DamienCruse,withtheMedicalResearchCouncilsCognitionandBrainSciencesUnitinCambridge,UK,thinksEEGmachineswillbeabletohelpthesepatientscommunicate.

Theteamasked6healthyvolunteerstowearEEGdevices,whichconnectelectrodestoaperson’shead.Theywereaskedtorespondtoanaudibletonebyimaginingthattheyweresqueezingtheirrighthandsorwigglingthetoesofbothfeet.(27)Theresearchersfoundthatthevolunteers’brainresponseswereclearlydifferent-thehand-squeezingactivatedtheleft-handsideofthebrain,andthetoewigglingproducedaresponseinthecenterofthebrain.

Thentheytestedtheprocedureonapatientwithlocked-insyndrome,whowasalmostcompletelyparalyzedbutretainssomecontrolofhiseyemovements.Hisbrainresponseswerethesame.Finally,(29)theytestedtheprocedureonapatientwhohadbeendeclaredvegetative2yearsearlier.TheywatchedtheEEGsignalsandwereabletodeducewhichmovementthepatientwasimagining.

(28)Thesameteamhadstudied23vegetativepatientsover4yearsandfound4patientswereabletoconsistentlyrespondtoyes-or-noquestionsbychangingtheirbrainactivity.Theywereaskedtoimagineplayingtenniswhentheywantedtogiveoneresponse,orwalkingaroundthehousewhentheywantedtogivetheother.

(30)Sincethepatientswereresponsive,they’renottechnicallyvegetative,theresearcherssay.Proofthattheycancommunicatethatthey’renotbrain-deadwouldhavemajorimplicationsforfamilymembers’anddoctors’decisionsabouttheircare.

26.Whatdoesthistalkmainlytellus?

【解析】文章提到：腦波掃描可能使得人們與腦死亡病人交流成為可能。故選C。

27.Forthe6healthyvolunteers,whichpartofthebraindidthehand-squeezingimaginationactivate?

【解析】根據(jù)文章可知實驗結(jié)果大為不同：攥拳頭激發(fā)了大腦的左半部，而動腳趾激發(fā)了大腦的中部。故選A。

28.Ofthe23vegetativepatients,howmanywerefoundtobeabletoconsistentlyrespondtoyesor-noquestions?

【解析】原文信息是…studied23vegetativepatients...found4patientswereabletoconsistentlyrespondtoyes-or-noquestionsbychangingtheirbrainactivity，即參加實驗的23個植物人病人中有4個被發(fā)現(xiàn)對問題有持續(xù)反應。故選C。

29.Whatcanwelearnfromthestudyonthepatientdeclaredvegetative2yearsearlier?

【解析】根據(jù)文章描述，研究者通過EEG信號觀察，那些兩年前被診斷為植物人的病人，即可以知道病人在想些什么，證明那些是有大腦活動的，并不是真正的腦死亡。故選B。

30.WhenEEGsignalsindicatethatavegetativepatientisresponsive,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

【解析】通過對第26題與第29題的解答，可知A和B選項的表述正確。文章最后提到這一研究結(jié)果對于家屬和醫(yī)生護理有很好的的借鑒意義，所以D項正確。文章沒有提到C項。

14.單選題

10.

問題1選項

A.Themanisworkingtoohard.

B.Themanneedstothinkitover.

C.Themanissupposedtofindajob.

D.Themanhasmadearightdecision.

【答案】B

【解析】M:Takingalongview,I’mleavingthecompany.

W:Why?

M:Ioftenhavetooverworkwhichwilldoharmtomyhealth.

W:Butthejobmarketisverytight,youknow.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

【解析】推斷題。男