2023高考英語語法復(fù)習(xí)-完整版課件

主謂一致一、語法一致原則一般來說，語法形式是單數(shù)的主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，語法形式是復(fù)數(shù)的主語，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。（1）Thenumberoferrorswassurprising.

（2）

We

loveourmotherland.二、意義一致原則（內(nèi)容一致）

主、謂語的一致不是根據(jù)其外部語法形態(tài)來決定，而是取決于主語所表達(dá)的內(nèi)在含義。主語形式雖為單數(shù)，但在意義上卻為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞應(yīng)采取復(fù)數(shù)形式，主語形式雖為復(fù)數(shù)，但在意義上視為單數(shù)，謂語動詞應(yīng)采取單數(shù)形式。（1）Thecrowd

werefightingfortheirlives.（2）Threeyearsinastrangelandseemslikealongtime.三、就近原則謂語動詞根據(jù)它前面最鄰近的名詞或代詞或其他詞的數(shù)的形式，來決定其自身的數(shù)的形式。(1)Notonlyhischildrenbutalsohehimselfwantstogothere.(2)EithermywifeorI

amgoingtoworkthere.就近原則的使用情況：當(dāng)作主語的兩個名詞或代詞由or,either…or,neither…nor,whether…or…..

notonly…butalso…，not……but……連接時;在therebe…./herebe……句型中(1)There____alamp,twopensandthreebooksonthedesk.(2)Here____someenvelopesandpaperforyou..(3)Notonlyhisfamilybutalsohe_____(喜歡）Chaplin’smovies.(4)YouorI____goingtoreceivethemthisafternoon.isarelikesam(4)用連接的并列主語被each,every或no修飾時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。(5)eachof+復(fù)數(shù)代詞，謂語動用單數(shù)。復(fù)數(shù)代詞+each，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如

語法一致語法一致

語法一致語法一致語法一致語法一致內(nèi)容一致內(nèi)容一致內(nèi)容一致內(nèi)容一致內(nèi)容一致就近一致就近一致Havearest主謂一致Grammar主語為下列情況時謂語動詞用單數(shù)時間/距離/重量/價值/數(shù)目等名詞作整體看待時主語由從句、不定式短語、動名詞充當(dāng)時主語由“S”結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名詞充當(dāng)時1.Twentyyearsisonlyashorttimeinhumanhistory.2.Fifteenmilesseemslikealongwalktome.3.Twentypoundsisnotalightobjectforaboytocarry.1.Whentheywilldiscussithasn’tbeenmadepublic.2.Todieforthepeopleisaworthydeath.3.Lookingafterthechildrenisherfull-timejob.1.Physicsiswellworthstudying.2.Mathsisadifficultscience.3.Politicsistheartorscienceofgovernment.主語為書、報、地名、組織名稱，以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)news,works,crossroads,woods等復(fù)數(shù)形式表示單數(shù)概念時，means視情況而定并列主語指同一概念時1.TheTimesusuallyspeaksfortheBritishgovernment.2.TheUnitedStatesismadeupof50states.1.Badnewshaswings.2.Everymeanshasbeentriedtosettletheproblem.3.Allmeanshavebeentriedtosettletheproblem.1.Athiefandmurdererwassentencedtodeath.2.Breadandbutterisservedforbreakfast.4.Earlytobedandearlytoriseisagoodhabit.不定代詞作主語時each/every/no/manya+名詞單and

each/every/no/manya+名詞單數(shù)1.Somebodyislookingforyou.2.Nothingisimpossibletoawillingheart.1.Eachmanandeachwomanwasinvitedtotheparty.2.Noengineerandnoworkerwasintheworkshop.3.Everyboyandeverygirlwascongratulated.4.Manyaboyandmanyagirlhasseenit.manya/thewhole/each/neither/either+名詞單數(shù)each/neither/eitherof+名詞復(fù)數(shù)/them,us,youthis/that/apairof+名詞復(fù)數(shù)therebe+名詞單數(shù)+and+名詞復(fù)數(shù)morethanone+名詞單數(shù)1.Manyacaremakestheheadwhite.2.ThewholenationwasindeepsorrowatLincoln’sdeath.3.Eachbirdlovestohearhimselfsing.1.Eachofthemhasabeautifulhouse.2.Eitherofthebicyclesbelongstome.3.Neitherofthemisfitforthetask.1.Thispairofshoesneedsmending.2.Theshoesneedmending.1.Thereisabook,twopencilsandthreepenshere.2.Morethanonesoldierwaskilledinthebattle.3.Moresoldiersthanonewerekilledinthebattle.one,theother,another,noone,neither…man,theworld,clothing做主語1.Onehastodoone’sbest.2.Hereisonlyoneshoe.Whereistheother?3.Therewasarainbowinthesky,andanotherwasinhisbreast.1.Whatwonderfulthingsmanhasachieved.2.Alltheworldknowsthattheearthisround.3.Ourclothingprotectsusfromthecold.主語為下列情況時謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)the+姓的復(fù)數(shù)形式以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的表示群島、山脈、瀑布等的專有名詞the+folk(s),people,police,cattle,Chinese,French,Japanese,English等集體名詞theblind,deaf,poor,living,young,dead,wounded等形容詞表一類人或物1.TheGreensaregoingtomakeatriptoLondon.2.TheSmithsoftenplaywiththeirchildrenintheirsparetime.1.ThePhilippineslietothesoutheastofChina.2.Asisknowntoall,RockymountainsstandinNorthAmerica.1.Thepolicearerunningafterthethief.2.Thecattleareeatinggrassinthehill.3.TheChineseareahard-workingpeople.1.Generally,theyoungarethirstyforknowledge.2.Eventhewisearenotalwaysfreefrommistake.3.Thedisabledarepaidcloseattentiontobysociety.謂語動詞與前面的主語一致aswellasratherthanalong/togetherwithsuch…as,likesuchas,besidesnolessthan=asmuchasmorethanbut/exceptbeyond分詞(介詞、不定式)短語同位語定語從句作后置定語時1.HeaswellasIisabsentfromthemeeting.2.Theofficer,ratherthanministersanswersforit.3.Mary,(along)withherfriendsgoesabroad.4.Bookssuchasthisareusefulandairisnecessaryforplants.5.Thegirllikemanyboysisfondofsports.6.Sunshine,nolessthanwaterandairisnecessaryforplants.7.Everyonehere,includingoldpeoplelikesreading.8.Aluckyvisitortotheplacesisfortunate.9.ThepeopleinLuyicityarefriendly.10.ForeignerswhoworkinChinaareformCanada.11.ThemaninvitedtoEuropeancountriesis80.12.Thestudentsstudyinginschoolstudywell.謂語動詞與后者一致的情況or,noreither…or…neither…nor…notonly…butalso…連接2個并列主語時1.You,he,orIamright.2.Neitheryounorheisright.3.Eitherheoryouareright.

Iseitherheoryouright?4.NotonlyhebutalsoIamright.

BothheandIareright.視情況而定的情況family,army,class,crew,team,enemy,group,party,couple,government等集體名詞作主語時分?jǐn)?shù)，百分?jǐn)?shù)/half,all,part,any,some,alot,lots,plenty,rest,most,asupply,supplies+

of+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞 +動詞單數(shù)

可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)

+動詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+and+名詞單數(shù) 指1人 +動詞單數(shù)

指2人 +動詞復(fù)數(shù)1.Herfamilyissmall,butthefamilyareadvancedworkers.2.Classisoverandtheclassarealloutforplay.3.Ourgrouparereadingthenewspapers.Thisgroupishavingmeeting.

ThewriterandteacherisThewriterandtheteacherare

coming.Themanandwomanarewhat,who,which,such常與其后的名詞作表語一致kind,sort,type應(yīng)與該詞本身的單復(fù)數(shù)形式一致

these/those+sort/kind/typeof+名詞復(fù)數(shù)+動詞復(fù)數(shù)

This/thatkind/sortof+名詞單數(shù)+動詞單數(shù)

+名詞復(fù)數(shù)+動詞單(復(fù))數(shù)均可

1.Whatyousaidisofgreatimportance.

2.Whatyouleftareonlyseveraloldbooks.

3.Suchisourplan.

4.Sucharehiswords.oneofthe+名詞復(fù)數(shù) +動詞單數(shù)

oneofthe+名詞復(fù)數(shù)+定語從句 +動詞復(fù)數(shù)the(only)oneofthe+名詞復(fù)數(shù)+定語從句 +動詞單數(shù)1.Oneoftheboyshashelpedme.2.Heisoneoftheboyswhohavehelpedme.3.Heisthe(only)oneoftheboyswhohashelpedme.no…but… 與前一致…andnot… 與前一致not…but… 與后一致1.Noonebutwehasseenthefilm.2.Jack,andnotwehasseenthefilm.3.Nothimbutwehaveseenthefilm.????????????????population后的動詞單復(fù)數(shù)與表語一致1.ThepopulationofChinaisundercontrol/verylarge/1.3billion.2.80percentofthepopulationofChinaarefarmers.thenumberofanumberof1.Anumberofroomsareonsale.2.Thenumberoftherooms