上海高考完形填空真題專題解析

1、2016年上海高考ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Inthe1960s,DouglasMcGregor,oneofthekeythinkersintheartofmanagement,developedthemowfamousTheoryXandTheoryY.TheoryXistheid

2、eathatpeopleinstinctively51workandwilldoanythingtoavoidit.TheoryYistheviewthateveryonehasthepotentialtofindsatisfactioninwork.Inanycase,despitesomuchevidencetothe52,manymanagersstillagreetoTheoryX.Theybelieve,53,thattheiremployeesneedconstantsupervisioniftheyaretoworkeffectively,orthatdecisionsmustb

3、eimposedfrom54withoutconsultation.This,ofcourse,makesforauthoritarian(專制的)managers.Differentcultureshavedifferentwaysof55people.Unlikeauthoritarianmanagement,somecultures,particularlyinAsia,arewellknownfortheconsultativenatureofdecision-makingallmembersofthedepartmentorworkgroupareaskedto56tothispro

4、cess.Thisismanagementbythecollectiveopinion.ManywesterncompanieshavetriedtoimitatesuchAsianwaysofdoingthings,whicharebasedongeneral57.Someexpertssaythatwomenwillbecomemoreeffectivemanagersthanmenbecausetheyhavethepowertoreachcommongoalsinawaythattraditional58managerscannot.Arecenttrendhasbeentoencou

5、rageemployeestousetheirowninitiative,tomakedecisionsontheirownwithout59managersfirst.Thisempowerment(授權(quán))hasbeenpartofthetrendtowardsdownsizing:60thenumberofmanagementlayersincompanies.Afterde-layeringinthisway,acompanymaybe61withjustatoplevelofseniormanagers,front-linemanagersandemployeeswithdirectc

6、ontactwiththepublic.Empowermenttakestheideaofdelegation(委托)muchfurtherthanhas62beenthecase.Empowermentanddelegationmeannewformsofmanagementcontrolto63thattheoverallbusinessplanisbeingfollowed,andthatoperationsbecomemoreprofitableundertheneworganization,ratherthanless.Anothertrendisoff-siteor64manage

7、ment,whereteamsofpeoplelinkedbye-mailandtheInternetworkonprojectsfromtheirownhouses.Projectmanagersevaluatethe65oftheteammembersintermsofwhattheyproduceforprojects,ratherthantheamountoftimetheyspendonthem.51.A.desireB.seekC.loseD.dislike52.A.contraryB.expectationC.degreeD.extreme53.A.viceversaB.fore

8、xampleC.howeverD.otherwise54.A.outsideB.insideC.belowD.above55.A.replacingB.assessingC.managingD.encouraging56.A.referB.contributeC.objectD.apply57.A.agreementB.practiceC.electionD.impression58.A.bossyB.experiencedC.westernD.male59.A.askingB.trainingC.warningD.firing60.A.doublingB.maintainingC.reduc

9、ingD.estimating61.A.honoredB.leftC.crowdedD.compared62.A.economicallyB.traditionallyC.inadequatelyD.occasionally英語63.A.denyB.admitC.assumeD.ensure64.A.virtualB.ineffectiveC.day-to-dayD.on-the-scene65.A.opinionB.riskC.performanceD.attractiveness【解析】解析：本文是明文，作者在第一段中提出道格拉斯麥克雷戈所提出的人性假理中的X理和Y理，并介了代社會中一種新

10、式管理理：授管理及其作用。51.答案D。X理人天生工作會做任何事來防備工作。desire想要；seek找；lose失去；dislike不喜。52.答案A。在任何情況下，盡管相反的理有很多據(jù)，但是理依舊贊成X理。contrary相反；expectation希望；degree程度；extreme極端。53.答案B。比方，他若是要有效工作他的工需要持的督，也許決策必從上制行而不需要咨。依照前文提出多管理者同X理，本句詳盡同者的原因，因此forexample（比方）。viceversa反之亦然；forexample比方；however但是；otherwise否。54.答案D。不同樣文化有不同樣方式去管

11、理人民。outside在外面；inside在里面；below在下面；above在上面。55.答案C。與專制管理不同樣的是，某些文化，特別是在洲的一些，人眾所周知的是它擬定決策的活有咨的本部或工作小的全體人都被要求個程作出獻。replace取代；assess估；manage管理；encourage激勵。56.答案B。與專制管理不同樣的是，某些文化，特別是在洲的一些，人眾所周知的是它擬定決策的活有咨的本部或工作小的全體人都被要求個程作出獻。refer看；contribute獻；object反；apply用。57.答案A。多西方公司已去模擬洲人的做事方式，方式是以廣泛贊成基礎的。agreement一

12、致；practice；election；impression印象。58.答案D。某些家表示女人會成比男人更起作用的管理者，因她有能力通一種男性管理者不能夠使用的方式去共同目。bossy橫的；experienced有的；western西方的；male男性的。59.答案A。近來的潮流是激勵工使用他自己的主性，不先理而是去獨立做決定。ask；train；warn警告；fire開除。60.答案C。授已成了減的成部分：減少公司管理的人數(shù)。double加倍；maintain持；reduce減少；estimate估。61.答案B。用種方式減少今后，一個公司可能只剩下一最高的高管理者：減少了公司的管理。hon

13、our授予榮譽；beleftwith被留下；被剩下；becrowdedwith著；becomparedwith與比。62.答案B。授把委托的想法延伸到比的情況更深的程度。economically地；traditionally地；inadequately不足地；occasionally偶地。63.答案D。授和委托意味著新形式的管控將保證全面的工作劃正在被行，而在新的下的運活會得更多盈利，而非更少。deny否；admit承；assume假；ensure保。64.答案A。另一種是不在的也許虛的管理，人通子件和網(wǎng)相互系，在自己家中行目。本空所填副traditionally（地）與后邊new（新的）擁相

14、關系。virtual虛的；ineffective無效的；day-to-day平常的；on-the-scene的。65.答案C。目管理者依照他目所做出的獻而不是花在上面的來估成的表。opinion點；risk；performance表；attractiveness吸引力。英語【名師點睛】本篇完形填空對于上下文串通及詞匯的復現(xiàn)進行了集中觀察，占到了三分之二。由于完形填空的文章是一個意義相關系的語篇，圍繞一個話題論述，所之行家文中詞語的重復、取代、復現(xiàn)和同現(xiàn)現(xiàn)象是不能防備的。依照這個原則，某一個空格所對應的答案很可能就是在上下文中復現(xiàn)或同現(xiàn)的相關詞，考生能夠依照這些詞之間的有機聯(lián)系來確定答案。因此，

15、解題時應聯(lián)系上下文搜尋相關線索，如某一個詞的原詞、指代詞、同義詞、近義詞、上義詞、下義詞和概括詞等。但由于我們在做題時不能能總是重復地閱讀文章，因此，在做完形填空時要培養(yǎng)一種捕捉并記憶相關信息的能力。如本文57題觀察上下文串通。亞洲人使用協(xié)商式的管理方法，這種方法是建立在共同的協(xié)議基礎之上的，西方人也想學習這樣的管理方法。故A項名詞“agreement贊成、協(xié)議”正確?？键c：觀察說明文閱讀【答案】51.D52.A53.B54.D55.C56.B57.A58.D59.A60.C61.B62.B63.D64.A65.C2015年高考ReadingComprehensionSectionADirec

16、tions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Ifyoustudiedpicturesthatancientpeopleleftonrockwallsandyoutriedtodeterminetheirmeaning,youwouldnotdetectadeepinterestinromanceamongtheartists.51,youwouldseeplenty

17、ofanimalswithpeoplerunningafterthem.Lifeforancientpeopleseemedtocenteronhuntingandgatheringwildfoodsformeals.Inmoderntimes,whenfoodisavailableingrocerystores,findingloveismore52topeopleslives.The53isallaroundus.Itiseasytopreparealistofmodernstorieshavingtodowithlove.Anendlessnumberofbooksandmoviesqu

18、alifyaslovestoriesinpopularculture.Researchersarestudyingwhetherlove,ahighlyvaluedemotionalstate,canbe54.Theyask,whatislove?Toothpastecompanieswantustothinkattractionisallaboutcleanteeth,butcleanteethgoonlysofar.Scientistswonderhowmuchthebraingetsinvolved.Youhaveprobablyheardthatoppositesattractbutt

19、hat55attract,too.Onethingiscertain:Thetruthaboutloveisnotyetsetinstone.FirstImpressionTohelpdeterminethe56ofattraction,researcherspaired164collegeclassmatesandhadthemtalkfor3,6or10minutessotheycouldgetasenseofeachothersindividuality.Tstudentswereaskedto57whatkindofrelationshiptheywerelikelytobuildwi

20、ththeirpartners.Afternineweeks,theyreportedwhathappened.Asitturnedout,their58judgmentsoftenheldtrue.Studentsseemedto59atanearlystagewhowouldbestfitintotheirlives.The60KnowsScientistshavealsoturnedtononhumanstoincreaseunderstandingofattraction.Manyanimalsgiveoffpheromonesnaturalchemicalsthatcanbedete

21、ctedby,andthencanproducearesponsein,otheranimalsofthesamespecies.Pheromonescansignalthatananimaliseither英語readytofightorisfeeling61topartnerships.Incontrast,humansdonotseemtobeasasotheranimalsatdetectingsuchchemicals.Smell,however,doesseemtoplayapartinhumanattraction.Althoughwemaynotbeawareofchemica

22、lslikepheromonesconsciously,wegiveandreceiveloadsofinformationthroughsmellineveryinteractionwithotherpeople.FaceValueBeingfondofsomeoneseemstohaveanumberoffactors,includingseeingsomethingwefindattractive.Researchershadpeoplejudgefacesfor63.Theparticipantshad0.013secondstovieweachface,yetsomehowtheyg

23、enerallyconsideredtheimagesthesameaspeoplewhohadmoretimetostudythesamefaces.Thewaywe64attractivenessseemstobesomewhatautomatic.Whenshownanattractivefaceandthenwordswithgoodorbadassociations,peoplerespondedto65wordsfasterafterviewinganattractiveface.Seeingsomethingattractiveseemstocausehappythinking.

24、51.A.InsteadB.ThereforeC.MoreoverD.Otherwise52.A.romanticB.stressfulC.centralD.beneficial53.A.priorityB.proofC.possibilityD.principle54.A.testedB.imposedC.changedD.created55.A.appearancesB.virtuesC.similaritiesD.passions56.A.illustrationsB.implicationsC.ingredientsD.intentions57.A.predictB.investiga

25、teC.diagnoseD.recall58.A.criticalB.initialC.randomD.mature59.A.memorizeB.distinguishC.negotiateD.question60.A.NoseB.EyeC.HeartD.Hand61.A.openB.alertC.resistantD.superior62.A.disappointedB.amazedC.confusedD.gifted63.A.emotionsB.attractivenessC.individualityD.signals64.A.enhanceB.possessC.maintainD.as

26、ses65.A.familiarB.plainC.positiveD.irritating英語51.A52.C53.B54.D55.C56.C57.A58.B59.B60.A61.A62.D63.B64.D65.C2014年高考ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Researchhasshow

27、nthattwo-thirdsofhumanconversationistakenupnotwithdiscussionoftheculturalorpoliticalproblemsoftheday,notheateddebatesaboutfilmswevejustwatchedorbookswevejustfinishedreading,butplainandsimple_51_.Languageisourgreatesttreasureasaspecies,andwhatdowe_52_dowithit?Wegossip.Aboutothersbehaviourandprivateli

28、ves,suchaswhosdoingwhatwithwhom,whosinandwhosout-andwhy;howtodealwithdifficult_53_situationsinvolvingchildren,lovers,andcolleagues.Sowhyarewekeenongossiping?Arewejustnatural_54_,ofbothtimeandwords?Ordowetalkalotaboutnothinginparticularsimplytoavoidfacinguptothereallyimportantissuesoflife?Itsnottheca

29、seaccordingtoProfessorRobinDunbar.Infact,inhislatestbook,Grooming,GossipandtheEvolutionofLanguage,thepsychologistsaysgossipisoneofthesereally_55_issues.Dunbar_56_thetraditionalviewthatlanguagewasdevelopedbythemenattheearlystageofsocialdevelopmentinordertoorganizetheirmanlyhuntingactivitiesmoreeffect

30、ively,oreventopromotetheexchangeofpoeticstoriesabouttheiroriginsandthesupernatural.Insteadhesuggeststhatlanguageevolvedamongwomen.Wedontspendtwo-thirdsofourtimegossipingjustbecausewecantalk,arguesDunbar_57_,hegoesontosay,languageevolvedspecificallytoallowustogossip.Dunbararrivedathischeerytheorybyst

31、udyingthe_58_ofthehigherprimates（靈長類動物）likemonkeys.Bymeansofgrooming-cleaningthefurbybrushingit,monkeysformgroupswithotherindividualsonwhomtheycanrelyforsupportintheeventofsomekindofconflictwithinthegroupor_59_fromoutsideit.Aswehumanbeingsevolvefromaparticularbranchoftheprimatefamily,Dunbar_60_thata

32、tonetimeinourhistorywedidmuchthesame.Groupingtogethermadesensebecausethebiggerthegroup,thegreaterthe_61_itprovided;ontheotherhand,thebiggerthegroup,thegreaterthestressesoflivingclosetoothers.Groominghelpedto_62_thepressureandcalmeverybodydown.Butasthegroupsgotbiggerandbigger,theamountoftimespentingr

33、oomingactivitiesalsohadtobe_63_tomaintainitseffectiveness.Clearly,amore_64_kindofgroomingwasneeded,andthuslanguageevolvedasakindofvocal（有聲的）groomingwhichallowedhumanstodeveloprelationshipwithever-largergroupsbyexchanginginformationoverawidernetworkofindividualsthanwouldbepossiblebyone-to-one_65_cont

34、act.51.A.claimB.descriptionC.gossipD.language英語52.A.occasionallyB.habituallyC.independentlyD.originally53.A.socialB.politicalC.historicalD.cultural54.A.admirersB.mastersC.usersD.wasters55.A.vitalB.sensitiveC.idealD.difficult56.A.confirmsB.rejectsC.outlinesD.broadens57.A.forinstanceB.inadditionC.onthecontraryD.asaresult58.A.motivationB.appearanceC.emotionD.behaviour59.A.attackB