2022年考研考博-考博英語-南昌大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號11

1、住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-南昌大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.翻譯題人類在歷史上的生活正如旅行一樣。旅途上的征人所經(jīng)過的地方，有時是坦蕩平原，有時是崎嶇險路。志于旅途的人，走到平坦的地方，固是高高興興地向前走，走到崎嶇的境界，愈是奇趣橫生，覺得在此奇絕壯絕的境界，愈能感到一種冒險的美趣?！敬鸢浮縏he historical course of mans life is just like a journey. A traveler on a long journey passes through

2、now a broad, level plain, now a rugged, hazardous road. While a determined traveler cheerfully continues his journey upon reaching a safe and smooth place, he finds it still more fascinating to come to a rugged place, the enormously magnificent spectacle of which, he feels, is better able to generat

3、e in him a wonderful sensation of adventure.2.單選題You cannot ignorance as your excuse; you should have known what was happening all along.問題1選項A.refer toB.defendC.pleadD.persist in【答案】C【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。refer to “參考，涉及”；defend “辯護；防護”；plead “借口”；persist in “堅持；固執(zhí)于”。句意：你不能拿無知當借口；你本就應該知道發(fā)生了什么事情。3.單選題Accordi

4、ng to doctors, if one can the bottle and cigarettes, one can usually be much healthier.問題1選項A.take offB.keep offC.get offD.leave off【答案】B【解析】考查詞組辨析。take off “起飛；離開”；keep off “讓開；不接近”；get off “動身”；leave off “停止”。句意：根據(jù)醫(yī)生的說法，如果一個人能遠離煙酒，他會更健康。選項B符合題意。4.單選題_ hes already heard the news.問題1選項A.Chances areB

5、.Chance isC.Opportunities areD.Opportunity is【答案】A【解析】考查固定表達。（the）chances are + 句子，這是一種口語的表達方法，表示很有可能的意思。選項A符合題意。5.單選題Generally speaking, matters which lie entirely within state borders are the concern of state governments.問題1選項A.excessiveB.uniqueC.exclusiveD.inclusive【答案】C【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。Excessive “過

6、多的，極度的”；unique “獨特的”；exclusive “獨有的；排外的”；inclusive “包含的，包括的”。句意：一般來說，州內(nèi)事務應該是州政府關心的事。選項C符合題意。6.單選題When Mr. Simpson went to apply for a in the office of a local newspaper, he was told to see the manager.問題1選項A.careerB.positionC.professionD.location【答案】B【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。Career “事業(yè)”；position “職位”；profession

7、 “職業(yè)，專業(yè)”；location “位置，地點”。句意：當辛普森先生去當?shù)匾患覉蠹垖で舐毼粫r，他被告知去見經(jīng)理。選項B符合題意。7.單選題It is reported that the government is going to impose a tax on fuels which _ global warming.問題1選項A.attribute toB.tribute toC.contribute toD.relate to【答案】A【解析】考查詞組辨析。attribute to “把歸因于”；tribute to “向致敬”；contribute to “有助于”；relate t

8、o “涉及，有關”。句意：據(jù)報道，由于全球變暖，政府將征收燃料稅。選項A符合題意。8.單選題It is all very well to blame traffic jams, the cost of petrol and the quick pace of modern life, but manners in the roads are becoming horrible. Everybody knows that the nicest men become monsters behind the wheels. It is all very well, again to have a t

9、iger in the tank, but to have one in the drivers seat is another matter altogether. You might tolerate the odd road-hog, the rude and inconsiderate drive, but nowadays the well-mannered motorist is the exception to the rule. Perhaps the situation calls for a “Be kind to other drivers” campaign; othe

10、rwise it may get completely out of hand.Road politeness is not only good manner, but good sense, too. It takes the most cool-headed and good-tempered of drivers to resist the temptation to revenge when subjected to uncivilized behavior. On the other hand, a little politeness goes a long way towards

11、relieving the tensions of motoring. A friendly nod or a wave of acknowledgement in response to an act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of goodwill and tolerance so necessary in modem modern traffic conditions. But such acknowledgements of politeness are all too rare today. Many drivers no

12、wadays dont even seem able to recognize politeness when they see it.However, misplaced politeness can also be dangerous. Typical examples are the driver who brakes violently to allow a car to emerge from a side street at some hazard to following traffic, when a few seconds later the road would be cl

13、ear anyway; or the man who waves a child across a zebra crossing into the path of oncoming vehicles that may be unable to stop in time. The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they care to. It always amazes me that the highways are not covered with dead bodie

14、s of these grannies.A veteran driver, whose manners are faultless, told me it would help if motorists learnt to filter correctly into traffic streams one at a time without causing the total blockages that gives rise to bad temper. Unfortunately, modern motorists cant even learn to drive, let alone m

15、aster the subtler aspects of roadmanship. Years ago the experts warned us that the car ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time for all of us to take this message to heart.1. According to this passage, troubles on the road are mainly caused by .2

16、. The sentence “You might tolerate the odd road-hog.the rule” (Para. A.1) implies that_.3. By “good sense”, the writer means .4. Experts have long pointed out that in the face of car-ownership explosion, _.5. In the writers opinion, _.問題1選項A.peoples attitude towards road-hogB.the rhythm of modern li

17、feC.the behavior of the driverD.traffic conditions問題2選項A.our society is unjust towards well-mannered motoristsB.rude drivers can be met occasionallyC.the well-mannered motorist cannot tolerate the road-hogD.nowadays impolite drivers constitute a majority of motorists問題3選項A.the drivers ability to und

18、erstand and react reasonablyB.the drivers prompt response to difficulty and severe conditionsC.the drivers tolerance of rude or even savage behaviorD.the drivers acknowledgement of politeness and regulations問題4選項A.road users should make more sacrificeB.drivers should be ready to yield to each otherC

19、.drivers should have more communication among themselvesD.drivers will suffer great loss if they pay no respect to others問題5選項A.strict traffic regulations are badly neededB.drivers should apply road politeness properlyC.rude drivers should be punishedD.drivers should avoid traffic jams【答案】第1題:C第2題:D

20、第3題:C第4題:B第5題:B【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第一段第一句話“It is all very well to blame traffic jams, the cost of petrol and the quick pace of modern life, but manners on the roads are becoming horrible.”可知，公路上的麻煩主要是由司機的行為導致的。因此選項C符合題意。2.推理判斷題。文章第一段倒數(shù)第二句話提到如今彬彬有禮的駕車者卻成了例外（You might tolerate the odd road-hog, the rude a

21、nd inconsiderate drive, but nowadays the well-mannered motorist is the exception to the rule），由此可推測粗魯?shù)乃緳C占了大多數(shù)，選項D符合題意。3.推理判斷題。文章第二段第一句提到道路禮儀不僅是好的態(tài)度，還是良好的意識（Road politeness is not only good manner, but good sense, too.），接著又提到當遇到不文明行為時，只有頭腦最冷靜、脾氣最好的司機才能抵制報復的誘惑（It takes the most cool-headed and good-te

22、mpered of drivers to resist the temptation to revenge when subjected to uncivilized behavior），說明良好的意識就是能夠忍受一些不良的行為，因此選項C符合題意。4.推理判斷題。文章最后一段倒數(shù)第二句話提到專家?guī)啄昵熬透嬲]我們汽車數(shù)量的增多需要道路使用者相互理解（Years ago the experts warned us that the car ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users），

23、因此選項CB符合題意。5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段第一句話“A veteran driver, whose manners are faultless, told me it would help if motorists learnt to filter correctly into traffic streams one at a time without causing the total blockages that give rise to bad temper.” 一個資深的司機，認為司機應該學會正確加入交通而不會造成令人生氣的交通阻塞?？芍?，作者認為司機應該適當?shù)厥褂枚Y貌。因此

24、選項B符合題意。9.單選題Doctors believe that secondhand smoke may cause lung cancer in people who do not smoke. Nonsmokers often breathe in the smoke from other peoples cigarettes. This is secondhand smoke. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency reports that about fifty-three thousand people die in America e

25、ach year as a result of exposure to secondhand smoke.The smoke that comes from a lit cigarette contains many different poisonous chemicals. In the past, scientists did not think these chemicals harm a nonsmokers health. Recently, though, scientists expressed their opinion after they studied a large

26、group of nonsmokers. They discovered that even nonsmokers had unhealthy amounts of these toxic chemicals in their bodies. As a matter of fact, almost all of us breathe tobacco smoke at times, whether we realize it or not. For example, we cannot avoid secondhand smoke in restaurants, hotels, and othe

27、r public places. Even though many public places have nonsmoking areas, smoke flows in from the areas where smoking is permitted.It is even harder for children to avoid secondhand smoke. In America, nine million children under the age of five live in homes with at least one smoker. Research shows tha

28、t these children are sick more often than the children who live in homes where no one smokes. The damaging effects of secondhand smoke on children also continue as they grow up. The children of smokers are more than twice as likely to develop lung cancer when they are adults as the children of nonsm

29、okers. The risk is even higher for the children who live in homes where both parents smoke.1. It can be inferred that about fifty-three thousand people die in America .2. Non-smokers get harmed by smokers .3. Which of the following is NOT true?4. Which of the following is NOT listed as a negative ef

30、fect imposed by secondhand smoking on children?5. Which group of children suffer from secondhand smoking to the greater extent?問題1選項A.because of smokingB.though they dont smokeC.because their parents smokeD.though their parents dont smoke問題2選項A.because of the poisonous smoke they breathe inB.if they

31、 live togetherC.when there is no non-smoking area in the public utilitiesD.though the poisonous chemicals contained in the smoke dont harm them問題3選項A.Non-smokers may be passively involved in secondhand smokingB.Non-smokers may die of secondhand smokingC.We all, more or less, suffer from secondhand s

32、mokingD.Secondhand smoking is even more harmful than smoking itself問題4選項A.They are sick more oftenB.They are more likely to develop mental diseaseC.It will influence their future lifeD.They are more likely to develop lung cancer問題5選項A.Children under the age of five living in homes with no smokersB.C

33、hildren under the age of five living in homes with one parent smokingC.Children under the age of five living in homes with two parents smokingD.Children under the age of five living away from their parents【答案】第1題:B第2題:A第3題:D第4題:B第5題:C【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。文章第一段最后一句話提到美國每年大約有五萬三千人死于二手煙（The U.S. Environmental P

34、rotection Agency reports that about fifty-three thousand people die in America each year as a result of exposure to secondhand smoke），由此可知選項B符合題意。2.判斷推理題。文章第二段提到點燃的香煙產(chǎn)生的煙霧含有許多不同的有毒化學物質(zhì)（The smoke that comes from a lit cigarette contains many different poisonous chemicals），接著提到即使不吸煙的人體內(nèi)也含有大量有害的有毒化學物質(zhì)（

35、They discovered that even nonsmokers had unhealthy amounts of these toxic chemicals in their bodies），由此可知不吸煙的人之所以受吸煙人的影響是因為他們吸入了有毒氣體，因此選項A符合題意。3.細節(jié)事實題。文章講述了二手煙的危害，選項A“不吸煙的人被迫吸入二手煙”、選項B“不吸煙的人由于吸入二手煙而喪命”、選項C“我們所有人或多或少都會受到二手煙的影響”都能在文章中體現(xiàn)，因此選項D符合題意。4.細節(jié)事實題。文章并沒有提到吸入二手煙的不良影響與精神疾病有關，因此選項B符合題意。5.細節(jié)事實題。文章最后

36、一段最后一句話提到對于那些父母都吸煙的家庭中的孩子來說，這種風險甚至更高（The risk is even higher for the children who live in homes where both parents smoke），因此選項C符合題意。10.單選題Although the two players are in the tennis court, they are really good friends in daily life.問題1選項A.partnersB.enemiesC.rivalsD.opponents【答案】C【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。Partner

37、“合作伙伴”；enemy “敵人”；rival “競爭對手”；opponent “反對者”。句意：雖然他們在網(wǎng)球賽場上是競爭對手，但是他們私底下是好朋友。選項C符合題意。11.單選題Because of careless washing, the woolen sweater to a childs size.問題1選項A.compressedB.droppedC.shrankD.diminished【答案】C【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。compress “壓縮，壓緊”；drop “推動；幫助”；shrink “收縮”；diminish “減少”。根據(jù)關鍵信息a childs size可知羊毛衫

38、縮小，因此選項C符合題意。句意：由于洗滌不當，這件羊毛衫縮小成了兒童尺寸。12.單選題He asked me to lend him some money, which I agreed to do, _ that he paid me back to following week.問題1選項A.on conditionB.on purposeC.on occasionD.only if【答案】A【解析】考查詞組辨析。on condition “只要，以為條件” ；on purpose “有目的的”；on occasion “有時，偶爾”；only if “只要就”。句意：他問我借些錢，我同意

39、借給他，前提是他（必須）下周還我。選項A符合題意。13.單選題Though he wheedled and threatened, she didnt any details of the plan.問題1選項A.give offB.give awayC.give overD.give up【答案】B【解析】考查詞組辨析。give off “發(fā)出（光）等”；give away “贈送，喪失；泄露”；give over “停止；交出”；give up “放棄；交出”。句意：盡管他時而甜言蜜語，時而威脅，她沒有透露計劃的任何細節(jié)。14.單選題An astonishing fact that the

40、 murderer of the general manager was his own brother.問題1選項A.came outB.found outC.exposedD.came to light【答案】C【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。Come out “出現(xiàn)；出版”；find out “找出”；expose “揭露，揭發(fā)”；come to light “暴露，真相大白”。句意：一個驚人的事實被揭露：殺害總經(jīng)理的兇手竟然是他的兄弟。選項C符合題意。15.單選題To understand the marketing concept, it is only necessary to unde

41、rstand the difference between marketing and selling. Not too many years ago, most industries concentrated primarily on the efficient production of goods, and then relied on “persuasive salesmanship” to move as much of these goods as possible. Such production and selling focuses on the needs of the s

42、eller to produce goods and then convert them into money.Marketing, on the other hand, focuses on the wants of consumers. It begins with first analyzing the preferences and demands of consumers and then producing goods that will satisfy them. This eye-on-the-consumer approach is known as the marketin

43、g concept, which simply means that instead of trying to sell whatever is easiest to produce or buy for resale, the makers and dealers first endeavor to find out what the consumer wants to buy and then go about making it available for purchase.This concept does not imply that business is benevolent o

44、r that consumer satisfaction is given priority over profit in a company. There are always two sides to every business transactionthe firm and the consumerand each must be satisfied before trade occurs. Successful merchants and producers, however, recognize that the surest route to profit is through

45、understanding and catering to consumers. A striking example of the importance of catering to the consumer presented itself in mid-1985 when Coca Cola changed the flavor of its drink. The non-acceptance of the new flavor by a significant portion of the public brought about a prompt restoration of the

46、 Classic Coke, which was then marketed alongside the new. King Customer ruled!1. The marketing concept discussed in the passage is, in essence, _.2. What was the main concern of industrialists before the marketing concept was widely accepted?3. In Paragraph 1, “to move as much of these goods as poss

47、ible” means .4. What does the restoration of the Classic Coke best illustrate?5. In discussing the marketing concept, the author focuses on .問題1選項A.a form of persuasive salesmanshipB.the consumer-centered approachC.making goods available for purchaseD.the quick movement of goods問題2選項A.The needs of t

48、he marketB.The preferences of the dealerC.The efficiency of the productionD.The satisfaction of the user問題3選項A.to redesign these good for large-scale productionB.to transport goods as efficiently as possibleC.to sell the largest possible amount of goodsD.to dispose of these goods in large quantities

49、問題4選項A.Products must be designed to suit the taste of the consumerB.Consumers tastes are often difficult to pleaseC.It takes time for a new product to be accepted by the publicD.Traditional goods have a stronger appeal to the majority of people問題5選項A.its social impactB.its possible consequenceC.its

50、theoretical basisD.its main characteristic【答案】第1題:B第2題:C第3題:C第4題:A第5題:D【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。文章第二段第三句話提到著眼于消費者的方法被稱為營銷概念（This eye-on-the-consumer approach is known as the marketing concept），因此選項B符合題意。2.判斷推理題。文章第一段第二句話提到就在幾年前，大多數(shù)行業(yè)主要集中在產(chǎn)品的高效生產(chǎn)上（Not too many years ago, most industries concentrated primarily on

51、the efficient production of goods），因此選項C符合題意。3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)persuasive salesmanship(富有說服力的推銷術)可知move as much of those goods as possible意味著是盡可能多地將物品推銷出去，因此選項C符合題意。4.判斷推理題。文章最后一段提到可口可樂改變飲料的口味，但是最后不得不又恢復原來的口味這個例子（A striking example of the importance of catering to the consumer presented itself in mid-1985 w

52、hen Coca Cola changed the flavor of its drink）說明迎合消費者需求的重要性，因此選項A符合題意。5.判斷推理題。文章主要講述了營銷概念的特征以消費者需求為導向（eye-on-the-consumer approach），因此選項D符合題意。16.單選題Computer equipment can become very quickly because new technology emerges so fast.問題1選項A.primitiveB.expiredC.raggedD.obsolete【答案】D【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。primitiv

53、e “原始的”；expired “過期的，失效的”；ragged “粗糙的”；obsolete “淘汰的；廢棄的；過時的”。句意：由于新技術的迅速出現(xiàn)，計算機設備可能很快就會過時。選項D符合題意。17.翻譯題人類社會滄桑巨變，國際舞臺風云變幻。聯(lián)合國經(jīng)歷了種種考驗，走過了不平凡的歷 程。盡管地區(qū)動蕩和局部沖突時有發(fā)生，但是各國更加重視以談判解決爭端?！敬鸢浮縒ith the tremendous changes of human society and the international relations, the United Nations have also experienced e

54、xtraordinary process after sundry tests. Although constant regional chaos still exist, often conflicted, countries pay more attention to resolve disputes through negotiations.18.翻譯題Crafty men condemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use; but that t

55、here is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation. Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider.【答案】有實際才干的人鄙薄書本；頭腦簡單的人羨慕書本；只有聰明人才會運用書本。因為書籍本身并不教人如何運用，運用之道，乃在書外，且高于書本，唯有通過觀察才能學到。讀書時不可存心與作者辯難，不可以輕信盲從，

56、也不可尋章摘句，作為談資，而須權(quán)衡與琢磨。19.單選題If we continue to harm the environment we live in, we will the course of human being into danger.問題1選項A.turnB.start outC.putD.carry【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。Turn into “進入，變成”。句意：如果我們繼續(xù)破壞我們居住的環(huán)境，我們會讓人類陷入危險。選項A符合題意。20.單選題Although most dreams apparently happen , dream activity may be p

57、rovoked by external influences.問題1選項A.spontaneouslyB.instantlyC.automaticallyD.simultaneously【答案】A【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。spontaneously “自發(fā)地；自然地”；instantly “立即地”；automatically “自動地”；simultaneously “同時地”。根據(jù)關鍵信息external influence “外部影響”，可判斷空格處應該填入一個與之相反的詞，因此選項A符合題意。句意：雖然大多數(shù)夢都是自然發(fā)生，但是夢的活動可能由外部影響引起的。21.單選題_ I admi

58、t that there are problems, I dont think that they cannot be solved.問題1選項A.WhileB.UnlessC.AsD.Since【答案】A【解析】考查連詞的用法。句意：盡管我承認有問題，但我不認為它們不可解決。選項A符合題意。22.單選題The _ cause of death today in Britain is heart disease, with cancer in second place.問題1選項A.initialB.previousC.subsequentD.prime【答案】D【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。i

59、nitial “最初的，第一的”；previous “以前的，早先的”；subsequent “隨后的”；prime “主要的，最好的”。句意：如今，英國人的主要死亡原因是心臟病，癌癥位居第二。選項D符合題意。23.單選題In the 1970s, Saudi Arabia and other oil-rich states vast sums of money through the sale of oil.問題1選項A.assembledB.accommodatedC.accumulatedD.appreciated【答案】C【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。assembled “裝配，組合”；a

60、ccommodated “安排，為提供住宿”；accumulated “積累”；appreciated “欣賞”。句意：上世紀70年代，沙特阿拉伯和其他富油國家通過出售石油獲得了巨額財富。選項C符合題意。24.單選題Some people complain doctors for too many medicines for minor illnesses.問題1選項A.advisingB.deliveringC.orderingD.prescribing【答案】D【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。Advise “建議”；deliver “交付；遞送”；order “命令”；prescribe “開藥