講與練04 非謂語動詞要點考查攻略(含答案解析)-2022年高考英語大二輪復習講與練(通用版)

1、2022年高考英語大二輪復習講與練(通用版)04非謂語動詞要點考查攻略【高頻考點回顧】高頻考點非謂語動詞【真題再現(xiàn)】語法填空(2018全國卷 I )You dont have to run fast or fbr long (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of (die) early by running.(2018 BII )The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice (impro

2、ve) water quality.(2018-:HII )China9s approach to protecting its environment while (feed) its citizens offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,says the banks Juergen Vbegele.(2018-15#111)1 quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid(look) directly into his eyes so he

3、 doesnt feel (challenge).(2019全國卷 II )A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” fbr (be)Britain,s oldest full-time employee 一 still working 40 hours a week.(2019全國卷 II )When we got a call (say)she was short-listed, we thought it was a joke.答案:1 .dying2.to improve3.feeding4.looking ; challen

4、ged 5.being 6.saying【關鍵技法點撥】語法填空解題策略.巧記三種非謂語動詞作狀語的基本區(qū)別假設非謂語動詞與邏輯主語之間是主動關系，且正在進行，要想到用現(xiàn)在分詞形式(血加g);假設非謂語動詞與邏輯主語之間是被動關系，且表完成，要想到用過去分詞形式3。伏)；(3)假設非謂語動詞表將來的動作，作狀語表示目的，在喜怒哀樂的形容詞后作原因或意料之外的結果等, 要想到用不定式形式曲)。.掌握非謂語動詞的句型公式3+形容詞+偽/7/*5。. do sth, ;Its no good/use/pleasure doing sth, md/think/believe/coitsider+it+

5、 adj, +to do sth. o.考查反身代詞。句意同上。由于表語從句的從句局部主語we與about后的賓語指代的是同一類人，所 以介詞后賓語使用反身代詞。we的反身代詞為ourselves,故填ourselves。.考查時態(tài)語態(tài)與主謂一致。句意：一切都會好起來的，因為這個人比你過得更慘。這是原因狀語從句， 前半句使用的是一般現(xiàn)在時，所以從句局部也使用一般時態(tài)。根據句意，從句局部使用一般現(xiàn)在時或現(xiàn)在 進行時都可以，主語this person是第三人稱單數(shù)，故填is having/haso.考查介詞。句意：另一個假說是人們喜歡聽那些能反映自己現(xiàn)在生活境況基調的音樂，這些歌對于我們 的境況來

6、講起到了類似音叉的作用，它們與我們產生了共鳴?！發(fā)isten”是不及物動詞，后邊加名詞時需要加 介詞to,故填tOo.考查冠詞。句意同上?？崭裎挥趩螖?shù)名詞sort前，空格前為介詞，所以空格處需要填冠詞?！癮 sort。3 意為“一種”，為固定搭配。故填a。4A lot of films have tried to describe our memories of family members who have passed away. But few have done as3L (remark) as Coco, Disney-Pixars latest animation, 32. hit

7、 the big screen on Nov. 24 and won the Oscar in 2018.(inspire) by the Mexican holiday of Day of the Dead, the films production team created a young boy, Miguel, who wants his family to understand his love of music. An accident takes him to the Land of the Dead. While there, Miguel has34. unforgettab

8、le and adventurous night.Its in this magical world35. Miguel gets to meet and discover the truth about his great-great-grandpa. To protect him from 36. (disappear), Miguel has to bring his photo back to the living world as soon as possible.While told with a wild imagination, the story 37. (convey) a

9、 clear and warm message. In an era when young people are so easily attracted by 38. (celebrity), Coco reveals the emptiness of such adulation (諂媚)，teaching kids 39. (preserve) and respect the memory of their elders while reminding them that the source of true creativity is so often 40. (person)/ wro

10、te reporter Peter Debruge on Variety.【答案】remarkablywhichInspiredanthatdisappearingconveyscelebritiesto preservepersonal【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了迪士尼和皮克斯聯(lián)手打造的動畫巨作尋夢環(huán)游記的內容、場景 以及所想傳達給觀眾的意義。.考查副詞。句意：但是幾乎沒有幾部電影能描寫的像尋夢環(huán)游記這樣引人注目?？崭裉巻卧~處于asas 結構中，一般填形容詞或副詞的原級形式。由于空格處單詞修飾動詞done,所以應用副詞形式。故填 remarkably o.考查非限制性定語從句。句意：尋

11、夢環(huán)游記是迪士尼和皮克斯聯(lián)手打造的最新的動畫巨作，它在11月 24日上映并且贏得了 2018年奧斯卡獎。這是一個非限制性定語從句，先行詞為Coc。（指物），從句缺少主 語，故填which。.考查過去分詞作狀語。句意：受墨西哥亡靈節(jié)的啟發(fā)，制作團隊創(chuàng)作了一個名叫米格爾的小男孩。這句 話謂語動詞為created,所以空格處應填非謂語動詞。這句話的主語the films production team與inspire之間 是被動關系，故填過去分詞Inspired.考查不定冠詞。句意：在那兒的時候，米格爾度過了一個難忘的又充滿危險的晚上。這里的一個晚上前 邊沒有提到過，是泛指，且unforgettab

12、le是以元音音素開始的，故填an。.考查強調句。句意：就是在這個有魔力的世界里，米格爾遇到了并發(fā)現(xiàn)了關于他祖爺爺?shù)恼嫦?。這是一 個強調句，強調句的基本結構是“It is （was）+被強調局部（主語、賓語或狀語）+who （that）.二 這句話中強調的 是地點狀語，故填that。.考查動名詞作賓語。句意：為保護祖爺爺不消失，米格爾必須盡可能早的將他的照片帶回有生命的世界?！皃rotectfrom.意為“保護免遭”,其中from為介詞，其后一般跟動名詞或名詞作賓語。disappear（消失）是動詞，所以空格處填動名詞形式，故填disappearing。.考查一般現(xiàn)在時和主謂一致。句意：盡管這個

13、故事是以無邊的想象的形式講述的，但是這個故事傳達了 清晰而溫暖的信息。這篇文章整體是以現(xiàn)在時為主的，所以這句話應使用一般現(xiàn)在時。the story是第三人稱 單數(shù)形式，所以謂語動詞也應使用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填conveys。.考查可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)形式。句意：在一個年輕人很容易被名流吸引的時代，尋夢環(huán)游記揭露了這種諂媚 的空虛，一方面教給孩子珍藏并尊重關于老人的記憶，一方面讓他們知道真正的想象力經常是很私人的。由于這題空格位于介詞by后，空格后沒有其他名詞，所以空格處應填名詞形式。“celebrity (名人)”是可數(shù) 名詞，且其前沒有冠詞之類的限定詞，所以應用復數(shù)形式。故填celebritie

14、s。.考查不定式做賓補。句意同上。“and”前后連接兩個并列的成份，且只有兩個不定式并列式才可以省去 第二個不定式的to使用動詞原形，所以空格處填t不定式。且“teachsb.todosth.”是一個固定搭配，意為“教 某人做某事，故填to preserveo.考查形容詞。句意同上?？崭裉幬挥赽e動詞后作表語，應用形容詞形式。故填personal。5Do you know how41. is when you see someone yawn and you start yawning too? Or how hard it is to be among people laughing and

15、 not laugh yourself? Well, apparently its because we have mirror neurons (神經元)in our brains.(put) simply, the existence of mirror neurons suggests that 43. we see someone else do something, our brains imitate it, whether or not we actually perform the same action. This explains a great deal about 44

16、. we learn to smile, talk, walk, dance or play sports. But the idea goes 45. (far)： mirror neurons not only appear to explain physical actions, they also tell us that there is a biological basis for the way we understand other people.Mirror neurons can undoubtedly be found all over our brains, but e

17、specially in the areas which relate to our ability to use languages, and to understand how other people feel. Recently, researchers 46. (find) that mirror neurons relate strongly to language. A group of researchers discovered that 47. they gave people sentences to listen to (for example: The hand to

18、ok hold of the ball), the same mirror neurons were triggered 48. when the action was actually performed (in this example, actually taking hold of a ball).Any problems with mirror neurons may well result in problems with behavior. Much research suggests that people with social and behavioral problems

19、 have mirror neurons which are not fully 49. (function), However, it is not yet known exactly how these discoveries might help find treatments for social disorders.Research does mirror that neurons seems to provide us with even more information concerning how humans behave and interact. Indeed, it m

20、ay turn out to be the equivalent for neuroscience of what Einsteins theory of relativity was for physics. And the next time you feel the urge 50. (cough) in the cinema when someone else does-well, perhaps youll understand why.【答案】itPutevery time/each timehowfurtherhave foundif/whenasfunctioningto co

21、ugh【解析】本文是一篇說明文。我們大腦中含有的神經元不僅讓我們跟著別人的動作做，它也為我們理解他 人提供了生物學基礎。.考查it作形式主語飛句意：你知道當你看到別人打哈欠，你自己也開始打哈欠是如何發(fā)生的嗎？這是一 個賓語從句，從句局部又是一個主語從句，從句缺主語，且主語為when you see someone yawn and you start yawning too,應用it來代替。故填it。.考查過去分詞作狀語。句意：簡而言之，神經元的存在意味著，每次我們看到別人做一件事情，我們的 大腦會模仿它，無論我們實際上有沒有進行這樣的動作?！皃ut simply”意為“簡而言之、是固定搭配，

22、由于 是道理被簡單地說，所以應使用過去分詞形式表達被動意義。故填Put。.考查狀語從句的連詞。句意同上。這是一個時間狀語從句?！懊看巍狈g為“every time/each time，引導時 間狀語從句，故填every time/each time。.考查賓語從句。句意：這能夠很好地解釋我們如何學習笑、說話、走路、跳舞與運動?！癟his”指代的是 上一句話，解釋的是我們學習的方式，故此處賓語從句填附屬連詞how。.考查副詞比擬級。句意：但是這個想法可以解釋地更深遠：神經元不僅能解釋身體動作，它們還能告訴 我們我們理解別人是有生理基礎的。從notonly.butalso可知，這句話是遞進關系，所

23、以是對神經元意義 的進一步挖掘。且空格處單詞修飾動詞goes,所以用副詞的比擬級形式。故填further。.考查現(xiàn)在完成時。句意：最近，研究者已經發(fā)現(xiàn)神經元與語言密切相關。由Recently可知，這句話使用 現(xiàn)在完成時。主語researchers為名詞的復數(shù)形式，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。故填have found。.考查狀語從句連接詞。句意：一組研究者發(fā)現(xiàn)當（如果）他們給人們聽一些句子的時候，同樣的鏡面神 經元被觸發(fā)，如同實際動作發(fā)生時一樣。由兩個括弧內的注釋可知，這是將兩種情形進行比照。所以空格 處單詞與后半句中的when是并列關系，提出一個條件可以用時間狀語從句也可以用條件狀語從句，故填if/w

24、hen o.考查定語從句。句意同上。the sameas與一樣,是固定搭配，as翻譯為“如同”,引導定語從句，修 飾 the same mirror neurons, 故填 as。.考查現(xiàn)在進行時。句意：很多研究指出有社會行為問題的人的神經元沒有正常運行。這是一個定語從句, 從句的主語mirror neurons與謂語動詞function之間是主動關系，故填functioningo.考查不定式做賓補。句意：下次在電影院，當你看到別人咳嗽你也想咳嗽的時候，也許你就能理解為什 么了。“the urge to do sth.”為動詞短語，表示“做的欲望“。故填to cougho6In many fi

25、lms, whenever Earth faces a disaster, the 51. (solve) is always fleeing the planet52, spaceship. But now the Chinese sci-fi movie, The Wandering Earth 53. (offer) a different and 54. (encourage) idea. In the film, Earth is being destroyed by the dying sun. In response, humans around the world work t

26、ogether 55. (build) a giant engine system, 56. will push Earth away from the sun. Thisnambition didnt come from nowhere. Up to now “homeland” 57. (have) a soft spot in the hearts and minds of Chinese people. This special cultural background 58. (probable) makes The Wandering Earth different from oth

27、er films.The film was released on Feb 5, the first day of Chinese New Year. It was 59. time when many people had just made the hard journey back to 60. (they) hometowns. So there is only one possible way to tell the story： Earth goes wherever humans go,because its our home.【答案】solutionbyoffers/is of

28、feringencouragingto buildwhichhas hadprobablyatheir【解析】這篇文章是說明文。主要介紹了電影流浪地球的相關內容。.考查名詞。根據前文的定冠詞，可知此處應為名詞，所以填solve的名詞形式solution。故填solution。.考查介詞。句意:地球有災難的時候通過宇宙飛船逃離這個星球。by通過的方式，故填by。.考查動詞時態(tài)和主謂一致。主語是the wandering earth,單數(shù)，后面動詞應該是第三人稱單數(shù)，所以是 is offering 或者是 offerso 故填 offers/is offeringo.考查動名詞做定語。句意:流浪地

29、球這部電影提供了一個與眾不同并且鼓舞人心的想法。idea缺少修飾 詞，所以用encouraging作定語修飾。故填encouraging。.考查不定式的用法。前文已經有work作為謂語，此處用不定式作目的狀語。故填to build。.考查非限定性定語從句。句意:全世界的人一起工作來建造一個可以把地球發(fā)射出太陽系的巨型機械系 統(tǒng)。先行詞是system,為物，非限制性定語從句只能用which在從句中做主語。故填which。.考查現(xiàn)在完成時。句意:時至今日，家園這個詞已經成為中國人心里最柔軟的地方。時間狀語up to now 直到今日，這是典型的現(xiàn)在完成時時間狀語。故填has had。.考查副詞。句

30、意:這個特殊的文化背景或許使得流浪地球與其他電影不同。probably副詞修飾后面的動詞 makes o 故填 probably o.考查冠詞的用法以及固定句型。句意:這是許多人經過辛苦的漂泊回到自己家鄉(xiāng)的時代。it is a time when 為固定句式，意為“的時代”應該是用不定冠詞a。故填a。.考查形容詞性物主代詞。hometown前面缺定語，所以應該用形容詞性物主代詞their來做定語。故填their07For the first time in the history of Peking Opera, four women performed a piece in the Chin

31、a National Peking Opera Company(CNPOC)productions61. May 27th at Shanghais Majestic Theater. The Peking Opera performance was one of the 5162. ( produce)showed at the 12th China Art Festival in Shang-hai. The CNPOC brought together three stories63. (base)on events (luring the Red Array9s Long March.

32、They are stories about the64. (brave)of the Red Army during the Long March, says Song Chen, head of the CNPOC. In the play, you can see65, these soldiers do to sacrifice themselves to help others. People will be66. (deep)touched by their faith and devotion.One of the stories is about three women sol

33、diers67. (stay)fdr a night at a farmers home in a village. They sleep in the home of a local woman named Xu Jiexiu, and feel sorry for her poor living conditions. When they leave the next morning, a soldier uses a pair of scissors68. (cut)up the only quilt she has, leaving half of it for the village

34、 woman.Peking Opera styles69. (develop)over hundreds of years, 70. creates a wide range of roles each featuring distinctive methods of performance and singing styles.【答案】. on. productions. based. bravery. what. deeply. staying. to cut. have developed/ have been developing. which【解析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了中國國家京

35、劇劇團在上海舉行的第12屆中國藝術節(jié)上表演的長征題材 的京劇作品。.考查介詞。句意：5月27日，中國國家京劇劇團的四名女演員在上海大劇院表演了一出京劇。在具體 某一天用介詞on,故填on。.考查名詞復數(shù)。句意：在上海舉行的第12屆中國藝術節(jié)上，京劇表演是51個作品之一。作介詞of的 賓語用名詞，51修飾可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)，故填productions。.考查非謂語動詞。句意：中國國家京劇劇團帶來了基于紅軍長征的三個故事。be based on表示“基于。 此處去掉be作后置定語，故填based。.考查名詞。句意:它們是關于紅軍在長征中英勇無畏的故事。作介詞about的賓語用名詞，故填bravery。.

36、考查賓語從句。句意：在劇中，你可以看到這些戰(zhàn)士為了幫助別人犧牲了自己。此處為賓語從句，從句 中的do缺少賓語，故填what。.考查副詞。句意：人們會被他們的信仰和奉獻深深感動。修飾動詞touched用副詞，故填deeply。.考查非謂語動詞。句意:其中一個故事是關于三個在一個村莊的農民家里過夜的女戰(zhàn)士。soldiers與stay 之間是邏輯上的主謂關系，表示主動，用現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語，故填staying。.考查非謂語動詞。句意：一個戰(zhàn)士用一把剪刀把她僅有的被子剪開，給村里的婦女留下了一半。此處表 示目的，應該用不定式作目的狀語，故填t。cut。.考查時態(tài)。句意：京劇的風格已經開展了幾百年，塑造

37、了各種各樣的角色，每個角色都有獨特的表演方 法和演唱風格。此處強調過去的動作對現(xiàn)在的影響，應該用現(xiàn)在完成時，也可以理解成過去的動作一直持 續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，而且還有可能持續(xù)下去，用現(xiàn)在完成進行時，故填have developed/ have been developingo.考查非限定性定語從句。句意同上，此處為非限定性定語從句，關系詞指代整個主句內容并在從句中作 主語，故填which。8There are four ways 71. which British and American English differ from each other. The first and most obviou

38、s way is in the vocabulary. There are a few 72. (differ) in grammar, too. The British say Have you got.? 73. Americans prefer Do you have.? The British use prepositions 74. Americans sometimes omit them. The other two areas in which the two varieties are different are spelling and 75. (pronounce), H

39、owever,with communications 76. (develop) 77. (steady) for over a century, some experts believe that the two varieties 78. (move) closer together due to satellite TV and the Internet. English 79. (speak) with different accents; in the future, there are going to be many “Englishes”. In spite of this,

40、users of English will have no difficulty 80. (understand) each other.【答案】. in. differences. while. where. pronunciation. developing. steadily. will move/are moving. is spoken. understanding【解析】這是一篇說明文。短文介紹了美式英語與英式英語在四個方面的不同點。盡管有很多不同點，但 是這兩種語言正在更好的融合，使溝通更加的順暢。.考查介詞。分析句子可知，way為先行詞，關系代詞有三種：in which, th

41、at,或者不填任何關系代詞。故 填in o.考查名詞復數(shù)。a few修飾可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)differences。故填differences。.考查連詞。分析句子可知，英國人說“Have you got?”而美國人說“Do you have.?”，所以空處填并 列連詞while“然而”表示比照關系。故填whileo.考查關系副詞。分析句子可知，prepositions為先行詞，在后面的定語從句中作地點狀語，所以關系副 詞為 where o故填 where o.考查名詞。and并列連接兩個名詞spelling和pronunciation。故填pronunciation。.考查現(xiàn)在分詞。分析句子可知，本

42、句為with的復合結構作狀語，且communication與develop在邏輯上 是主動關系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞。故填developing。.考查副詞。steadily為副詞修飾動詞develop。故填steadily。.考查一般將來時或者現(xiàn)在進行時。由“some experts believe”可知，本句為一般將來時或者現(xiàn)在進行時， 主語為 the two varieties, i胃語為 will move/are moving 。 故填 will move/are moving o.考查一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。分析句子可知，整篇短文都是一般現(xiàn)在時，所以本句也為一般現(xiàn)在時，主 語English與

43、謂語speak為被動。故填is spoken。.考查動名詞。have no difficulty (in) doing sth “做某事有困難”為固定短語。故填understanding。9Liu Xin 81. (summary) her long career in the media industry with three letters: I, G and O.The first letter, I, stands for innovation (創(chuàng)新)，As an anchorwoman (女主持人)of CGTN, she has to sit down for one-on-on

44、e interviews with people from different walks of life. Quite often, she has to come up with 82. (create) ways to make an impact during interviews. Once, she was tasked with interviewing a Swiss inventor of solar energy planes. She 83. (care) arranged the interview with the inventor 84. (sit) in the

45、cockpit (駕駛艙)of his new plane. This not only livened up the conversation, but also offered the audience a different view into the world of green energy.G is for grit (勇氣).When she was working in Geneva as 85, CCTV English channel journalist, she had to face all kinds of challenges to get to the trut

46、h 86. the news. Sometimes when I got back from work, I felt like my head was about to blow off. But it was an inner voice 87, always told me to keep up.O is short for orientation (目標方向).As a journalist, she has to give it all by making careful plans for both daily work and career development. I alwa

47、ys remind 88. (me) to keep a record of where I am and where I am going/Together, the three letters make the catchy slogan I go. This, according to Liu, is 89. keeps her going forward on her way to 90. (excellent).【答案】. summarized. creative. carefully. sitting. a. behind. that. myself. what. excellen

48、ce【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。劉欣用三個字母總結了她在傳媒行業(yè)的漫長職業(yè)生涯：L G和0。文章對這三 個字母進行了分析。.考查時態(tài)。句意：劉欣用三個字母總結了她在傳媒行業(yè)的漫長職業(yè)生涯:LG和0。結合句意可知句子用 一般過去時態(tài)，故答案為summarized。.考查詞形轉換。此處ways是名詞，由形容詞來修飾，故答案為creative。.考查詞形轉換。句意：她仔細安排了與坐在新飛機駕駛艙里的創(chuàng)造家的面談。此處arranged使動詞，由 副詞來修飾，故答案為carefully。.考查現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語。句意：她仔細安排了與坐在新飛機駕駛艙里的創(chuàng)造家的面談。此處the inventor 和sit之

49、間是主動關系，是現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語，故答案為sitting。.考查不定冠詞。句意：當她作為中央電視臺英語頻道記者在日內瓦工作時，她必須面對各種各樣的挑戰(zhàn) 才能了解新聞背后的真相。結合句意可知此處應該用不定冠詞表示泛指，故答案為a。.考查介詞。句意：當她作為中央電視臺英語頻道記者在日內瓦工作時，她必須面對各種各樣的挑戰(zhàn)才能 了解新聞背后的真相。結合句意可知此處用介詞behindo.考查強調句式。句意：那是內心的聲音，總是告訴我要跟上。此處是強調句式，故答案為that。.考查反身代詞。句意：我總是提醒自己要記錄下我在哪里，我要去哪里。結合句意可知此處用反身代詞 作賓語，故答案為myself。.考查

50、表語從句。句意：劉說，這是她不斷追求卓越的原因。此處表語從句缺少引導詞，又缺少主語，故 答案為whato.考查詞形轉換。句意：劉說，這是她不斷追求卓越的原因。固定詞組：on ones way to+名詞/代詞賓格/ 動名詞，“在去的路上”，可知此處用名詞形式，故答案為excellence。10.牢記用動名詞或不定式作賓語的動詞.巧辨謂語動詞和非謂語動詞一個句子無論是主句還是從句，必須要有謂語，一般空格所在的句子中無其他動詞，那么填謂語動詞。謂語 動詞要考慮時態(tài)語態(tài)主謂一致等；假設句中找到了謂語動詞，而又找不到連詞(并列連詞或從句連詞)時，那么所給動詞一定用作非謂語動詞。非 謂語動詞需要確定是-

51、ing形式、過去分詞形式還是不定式?！局攸c知識提示】一、非謂語動詞做主語、賓語和表語.非謂語動詞中能做主語的有動名詞和不定式(1)動名詞做主語表示一般的、抽象的或習慣性的動作，不定式做主語表示具體的、一次性的或尚未做 的動作。(2)it做形式主語，代替真正做主語的動詞不定式或動名詞。常見句型有：It is/was no use/good+doing sth.; It is/was useless doing sth.; Its a waste of time doing sth.; Its+a4/. + foi70f sb. + to do sth.等。.非謂語動詞中能做表語的有現(xiàn)在分詞、過去

52、分詞、動名詞和不定式。注意現(xiàn)在分詞做表語意為“令 人感到的，而過去分詞做表語意為“本身感到的、.非謂語動詞中能做賓語的有動名詞和不定式只能跟動名詞做賓語的動詞和短語：suggest、imagine、mind、admit、practise risk keep keep on avoid、 escape enjoy consider finish miss、 insist on look forward to feel like get down to、 object to 等。(2)只能跟不定式做賓語的動詞和短語：wish、hope decide、refuse promise pretend、m

53、anage want plan fail choose would like 等。(3)既可跟動名詞又可跟不定式做賓語的動詞和短語：remember forget regret stop、go on try 等。forget to do sth.忘記要去做某事此事未做forget doing sth.忘記做過某事此事已做過或已發(fā)生stoptodosth.停止、中斷某件事，目的是去做另一件事stop doing sth.停止正在做的事remember to do sth.記住去做某事未做remember doing sth.記得做過某事已做regret to do sth.對要做的事感到遺憾常跟

54、say、tell、 so/such . as to do 結構中做狀語表目的。He is such a good teacher as to be respected by all his students.他是個如此好的老師，以至于受到他所有學生的尊敬。（2）在only/just to do結構中，表示出乎意料的結果。He rushed to the station, only to Hnd that the train had left.他匆忙趕到火車站，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)火車已經開走了。（3）在 be happy/glad/sorry/sad/surprised to do sth.結構中做狀語表原

55、因。He was surprised to be informed of the news.被告知這一消息，他感到吃驚。.分詞做狀語（1）次一ing形式：現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語，用來表時間、條件、讓步、原因、伴隨、結果等。現(xiàn)在分詞所表示 的動作與句子主語之間構成邏輯上的主謂關系，且含有進行之意。（2）v-ed形式：過去分詞做狀語，用來表時間、條件、讓步、原因、伴隨等。過去分詞所表示的動 作與句子主語之間構成邏輯上的動賓關系，且含有完成之意。源于系表結構的局部過去分詞做狀語，表示句子主語所處的一種狀態(tài)。不表示被動關系，其前不用 being,常見的有：seated （坐著的）、hidden （躲著）、de

56、voted （專注的）、lost/absorbed in （沉溺于）、born in （出 身于）、dressed in （穿著）、tired of （厭煩了）等。Following the teacher, some students entered the classroom.（動詞follow與句子主語構成邏輯上的主謂關 系，與句中謂語動詞所表示的動作基本同時發(fā)生）-The teacher entered the classroom, followed by some students.（動詞 follow 與句子主語構成邏輯上的動賓 關系，與句中謂語動詞所表示的動作基本同時發(fā)生）（3）

57、having done/having been done強調分詞的動作發(fā)生在句子的謂語動詞表示的動作之前。-Not having finished my homework, I had to stay at home.（動詞 finish 與句子主語構成邏輯上的主謂關系， 且先于謂語動詞表示的動作發(fā)生）（4）有些分詞或不定式短語做狀語，其形式的選擇不受上下文的影響，稱作獨立成分。常見的有：generally speaking 一般來說frankly speaking 坦白地說judging from/by 根據來判斷to tell （you） the truth 說實話to begin/sta

58、rt with 起初；開始to be honest 老實地說to make things/matters worse讓事情變得更糟糕的是四、非謂語動詞做補語.有些動詞和動詞短語后接不定式做賓語補足語，形式為“動詞（短語）+賓語+賓補（不定式戶。如： advise、allow ask beg、cause encourage expect、forbid force invite persuade teach remind、 warn wish call on、 depend on 等。The doctor warned him not to eat too much meat.醫(yī)生警告他不要吃太多

59、的肉。.“五看二聽一感覺”的感官動詞和短語（see、watch observe notice look at hear listen to feel等）后面的賓語補足語常見的有三種非謂語動詞形式（do/doing/done）do表主動和完成（被動句中to還原）, doing表主動或正在進行，done表被動或完成。3. make/have/get/keep/leave + 賓語 + 補語賓補賓動詞 X.+賓語to doingdonemake +賓語doXqkeep+賓語Xqhave +賓語do/to do（區(qū)別：have sb. do sth.意為“讓某 人做某事”;have sth.表示主體使

60、客體處 于某種狀態(tài)或一直做 某事）4（表示讓別人做某事 或讓某事被做）to do意為“有某事要 做。to do做后置定 語）get+賓語leave +賓語Claire had her luggage checked an hour before her plane left.在飛機起飛前一個小時，克萊爾把行李進行了安檢。“with +賓語+賓補”結構(l)with+名詞/代詞+現(xiàn)在分詞?，F(xiàn)在分詞可表示主動和動作正在進行。He lay on the grass with his eyes looking at the sky.他躺在草地上，眼望著天空。(2)with +名詞/代詞+過去分詞。過去