解讀《皆大歡喜》中的浪漫主義

1、解讀?皆大歡喜?中的浪漫主義abstratrantiis,asahistrialphasefthe19thenturyinliterature,stressesthelserelatinshipbeteenanandnature,andntinuesahangefdiretinfrtheattentinpaidttheuterrldfsialivilizatinttheinnerrldfthehuanspirit.rantisfeelthatthepresentsietydeniespeplesessentialhuanneed,andtheirexpetatintliveinuntrysid

2、e,hihisbeautiful,quietanduldpreventhuanfrsadness,terrr,andfear.asyulikeitisnefshakespearesfurfausedies.thehlestryhappensinardenfrest.thedukesenirandhisldfllerstakeresideneinthefrest,andhentheyarrivethereandlivefrsedays,theyarefullyattratedbythebeautifulseneryandfrgettheurtssadness.untrylifeakespeple

3、heplay,theauthrdenstratesalivingrldhihhaslserelatinshipithenandisthesureftheirlife.basedntheanalysisfthelserelatinshipbeteentheplayandrantiis,andfursenesextratedfrtheplay,thepaper

4、aisattheexplratinandinterpretatinfrantiisintheplay.keyrdsrantiis;asyulikeit;nature;etin;edy摘要發(fā)生在19世紀的浪漫主義文學(xué)鑄造了文學(xué)史上的一段神話，對后世產(chǎn)生了深遠的影響。浪漫主義文學(xué)注重描寫人的內(nèi)心感受，并認為現(xiàn)實社會忽略了人的本質(zhì)追求，并主張回歸原始的田園生活，在寧靜幽雅的自然鄉(xiāng)村生活能讓人身心得以放松，遠離塵世生活的壓力，喧囂。?皆大歡喜?作為莎士比亞的四大喜劇之一，整個劇情在寧靜、秀美的亞登森林中展開，講述了被其弟篡奪了爵位后的老公爵和他的忠實的隨從們來到森林里，忘卻宮廷的虛偽與爭奪，享受著自然

5、的洗禮，心靈也得以凈化和升華，給人一種浪漫的情懷。19世紀的浪漫主義學(xué)者對這部喜劇情有獨鐘。在作品中作者展現(xiàn)了一個與人類有著親密聯(lián)絡(luò)，并賦予人類生活的自然世界。論文通過對作品與浪漫主義的親密關(guān)系以及四幕精彩劇情的分析，提醒與解讀?皆大歡喜?中的浪漫主義。關(guān)鍵詞浪漫主義；皆大歡喜；自然；情感；喜劇intrdutinranehasalserelatinshipithpeple.itdesntnlyakelifelrful,butalsletspepleunderstandhtliveabetterlife.faingthestressesfrrk,neandserantithingstrelax.

6、itisknntall,thatrantiisasppularineurpeinthe19thentury.rantisstressedthelserelatinshipbeteenanandnature.theyexpetedtliveinuntryside,andtheyalaysvieedintuitinandetinsreiprtantthanreasnandnsense.thereasuhgreaterstressnetinsintheritingftherantiperid.rantisheldthentinthatneuldfindtruththrughnesfeelings.t

7、heythughttherldasalively,breathingbeing,andadiredthsehuldspeaktherdsfrtheirinnerrld,andexpeteverypersntexpresstheirfeelingfreely.theybelievedeverybdysinnerself(subnsius)aseaningful,andeverybdyshuldhaveanpprtunitytbereativeandtexpresshisnthughts.the19thenturyrantiritisregardedasyulikeitasthedelaratin

8、frantiis.asyulikeitisnefshakespearesfuredieshihasseenasaperfetedy.frtheritingbakgrundandthententsfatiisenei,atiiiseneii,atiiiseneii,atiiisenev,thereisanlusinthateverynelksfrardthavingarantilife.thrughanalysisfasyulikeit,readersanunderstandthedenstratinfrantiisintheplayandknreabutrantiishihakespeples

9、liferelively,interestingandharnius.i.abriefintrdutintrantiisrantiis(therantiveent),aliteraryveent,isprfundshiftinsensibility,elletuallyitarkedavilentreatinttheenlightenent.plitiallyitasinspiredbytherevlutinsinaeriaandfraneandppulararsfindependenei

10、npland,spain,greee,andelsehere.etinallyitexpressedanextreeassertinftheselfandthevaluefindividualexperiene(theegtistialsublie),tgetheriththesenseftheinfiniteandtransendental.siallyithapinedprgressiveauses,thughhentheseerefrustrateditftenprduedabitter,gly,anddespairingutlk.therantispaidgreatattentintt

11、hespiritualandetinallifefan.persnifiednatureplaysaniprtantrleinthepagesftheirrks.a.theharateristisfrantiis(1)rantiisasarebellinagainstthebjetivityfratinalis.itasaveentfnsiusrebellinagainstbeingtbjetive.therantispiritasnefsubjetivityfinardfeelingsthatneuldtrustnessubjetiverespnses.rantisplaedahighpre

12、iuupnthereativefuntinfiaginatin,andsaartasafrulatinfintuitiveandiaginativepereptinsthattendtspeakanblertruththanthatffat.(2)frrantis,thefeelings,intuitinsandetinserereiprtantthanreasnandnsense.thentrversyasnebeteenheadthinkingandheartfeeling.thereasauhgreaterstressnetinsintheritingftherantiperid.ran

13、tisheldthatneuldfindtruththrughnesfeelings.thisisjusttheppsiteftheratinaltheriesthatbenjainfranklinflled.ratinalistsuldsaythatpepleuldfindtruththrughsientifiinvestigatin,butrantiserereadyttrusttheirfeelingsasanavenuefrfindingtruthandfindinghatasessentialinlifetheybelievedthattheirratinalasiprtantinh

14、uanexperieneandthatnteverythinguldbeexplainedbyreasn.(3)rantisdidntthinkftherldasatikingathadebygd.theythughtftherldasaliving,breathingbeing.theystressedthelserelatinshipbeteenanandnature.theyvieednatureasanexapleandsurefvividphysialbeautyandasaanifestatinfspiritintheuniverse.ithdeeplvefrnature,they

15、sanatureasarevelatinftruth,thelivinggarentfgd.therefre,herrds,hentheyuldlkatthefinitebjetsinthisrld,theyuldfindthepresenefaninfinitegd.(4)rantisephasizedindividualis,plaingtheindividualagainstthegrup,againstauthrity.theysatheindi

16、vidualattheveryenterflifeandart.theyephasizedpersnalfreedandfreedfrfralis,traditin,andnfrity.theydelightedinself-analysis,intriateexainatinandfullexpsurefthesul.theyherishednher-rship,yetbelievedintheperfetibilityfhuanity.rantisbelievedinthenaturalgdnessfhuanbeings.theyheldthathuanitylsetnatureuldbe

17、haveell,anduldntbehinderedbyivilizatin.(5)rantisaffiredtheinnerlifeftheself,andantedeahpersntbefreetdevelpandexpresshisninnerthughts.theybelievedeverybdysinnerself(subnsius)aseaningful,andeverybdyshuldhaveanpprtunitytbereativeandtexpresshisnthughts.(6)rantisherishedstrnginterestinthepast,espeiallyth

18、eedieval.theyereattratedbythepriitivebeausethepriitiveftenasinnentandlsetnature.thereereanythingsrittenbytherantisabuttheaerianindian.theyrantiizedtheaerianindianintanblesavagehaslsetnature.theirattitudeserequitedifferentfrpuritanshephasizedthattheindiansereild,degeneratebarbarians.theyparedthetsata

19、n.therantisuldlkattheindiansaslsetnatureandtherefrelseintuhithgd.therantiistspaidgreatattentintthespiritualandetinallifefan.persnifiednatureplaysaniprtantrleinthepagesftheirrks.(7).rantisereattratedbytheild,irregular,indefinite,rete,ysterius,andthestrange.rantiishasadeepinfluenenthenteprarytie.tday,

20、anypeplestillhavebeenresearhingnit.byreadingasyulikeit,neanhaveafeelingthattherebirthfrantiis.asyulikeitisaedyrittenbyshakespeare,hasappularplayrightritingfrtheerialtheaterinlndninthe16thentury.shakespeareasntllege-eduated,andalthughhispanyhadthespnsrshipfkingjaes,hisrkasntentirelyrespetable.hehasri

21、ttenanyplays,inludingedies,tragediesandsesnnets.hisrkhadgreatinfluenethrughagesvertherld.ttherantis,hever,shakespearesplaysaretheessenefflkpetry,theultiatevindiatinftheirfaithinspntaneusreativity.anyeurpeandraasin19thenturyereinfluenedbyhi.paintersillustratedsenesfrhisplays,andpsersbasedrhestraltnep

22、esandperasnhisnarratives.asyulikeitasnefthestfausediesfshakespeares.frthesettingfthehlestryneanfindthatthefrestlifeisfullftruth,kindness,beautyandlve,hihasthelifethatthe19thrantisereexpetingt.ii.shakespearesasyulikeita.bakgrundin1598，shakespearerteasyulikeit.anditbeesnefhisfurfausedies.theplaytellsa

23、talehappeninginthefrestfardenhihisnearthehetnstraffrdupnavn.henheasahild,heenttplayinthatplae,andhadagderyabutthatperid.heasattratedbythepeaeandbeautifulviesandexpetedtlivethere.in16ththereasaveenthappeningineurpeherehuanistthinkersandshlarsadeatteptstgetridfthseldfeudalistideasinedievalage,tintrdue

24、neideas,andtheyalsviedthatandidntnlyhaveabilitytperfethiselfandtperfrnders,shakespeareasinfluenedbythissense,laterthesebeliefsereexpressedintheplayasyulikeit.b.suaryastheplaypens,dukfredrikhasusurpedthetitleandthrnefhiselderbrther,duksenir.theelderdukeandhislyalfllershavetakenupresideneinthefrestfar

25、den.thebanishdukesdaughternaedrsalind,henfrederikdrveutherfather,stillkeptinhisurtasapaninfrhisndaughterelia.alsefriendshiphadgrnupbeteentheseladies,hihthequarrelsftheirfathersdidntbreak.eliatriedbyeverykindnessinherpertrepayrsalindfrtheinjustie.rlandandliveraretbrthersdividedbyenity,rlandhaslngbeen

26、istreatedbyhisbrtherandhenrlandentersarestlingathspnsredbydukefrederik,heattratstheattentinfrsalind.likeise,dukefrederiksdaughterandrsalindtardenlikeherfather;elia,frederiksdaughterandrsalindsbestfriend,travelsithher.rsalinddisguisesherselfasabyalledganyede,andeliailltakethepartf“hissister,aliens.th

27、eyareapaniedbythelntuhstne.theyetrland,rsalindprisesturerlandsheartahebylettinghipurhisfeelingsuttganyedeasifheerersalind.alsasganyede,rsalindatteptsaathbeteensilviasandphebethatgesary;phebefallsfrrsalindsganyedealtereg.tuhstnealsurtsauntrygirlnaedaudrey.thereslutinbeginshenliverenterstheap.rlandsav

28、edhifranattakbyalin,andthetbrthershavereniled,upneetingelia,nliverfallsinlve.aduksenirprisetjintheinedlkthenextday,rsalindakesphebetarrysilviusifsheanthaveganyede,henallhavegatheredfrtheedding.rsalindrevealsherselfastheersthileganyede,sheandrlandarehappilyreunited.andphebeagreestarrysivius.thedukega

29、vehisnsenttthearriage;andrlandandrsalind,liverandelia,erearriedatthesaetie,andthughtheireddinguldntbeelebratedinthisildfrestithanysplendrs,yetahappiereddingdayasneverpassed,andhiletheyereeatingunderthelshadefpleasanttrees,aessagearrivedttellthedukethejyfulnes,thathisdukedasgivenbakethi,thisjyfulnesa

30、ejustintietperfetthejyfallheretheeddingfprinesses.thedukeasnabletreardthsefriendshhadstayedithhiinthefrest,andtheserthyfllers,thughtheyhadpatientlysharedhistrubles,ereveryellpleasedtreturninpeaeandhappinesstthepalaeftheirlafulduke.frederi,angryathistheflightfhisdaughterelia,andenteredtheildfrest,hea

31、setbyanldreligiusan,ithhhehaduhtalk,andhintheendpletelyturnedhisheartfrhisikedplan,hebeaetrulysrry,hisplayeantuhtheuntryliferetrulyfrldduksspeehinatiisenei;thedialguebeteentuhtneandrinatiiiseneii2.frtheatiiiseneii,atiiiseneveanknthateahper

32、snexpettbefreetdevelpandexpresshisninnerthughts.andeverybdysinnerself(subnsius)iseaningful;anshuldhaveanpprtunitytbereativeandtexpresshisnthughts.iii.analysisfsespeifiatsftheedya.affiratinftheinnerlifeftheselfalthughthegreatrantirksftenenternterrrrrage,thetivefrebehindthesepassinsisstftenarelatinshi

33、pbeteenapairflvers.rsalindisaitingfrrlandinthefrest.sheverhearsanversatinbeteenayungshepherdandphebeashepherdesshelvers,butpheberefusestheshepherdslve,hillinghiruellyandtellinghitleaveheralng.rsalindhasseenenughandshejupsintthenversatin,hidingphebefrbeingtruelttheprshepherd.inrsalindeyes,everynehast

34、herighttlvetherpeple.andhateverlverbelved,allshuldperishthislveandaththislvelsely,beausethatisthebestgifts.falltheetinselebratedbytherantis,thestppularaslve.edievaltrubadurshadelebratedurtlyadulteryardingtahighlyartifiialdethatlittlerefletedthelivesfrealenandenhileagreeingithphysiiansthatrantipassin

35、asaptentiallyfataldisease.itastherantishfirstelebratedrantilveasthenaturalbirthrightfeveryhuanbeing,thestexaltedfhuansentients,andtheneessaryfundatinfasuessfularriage.hetherrntneagreesthatthishangefattitudeasaisene,hisedy,rsalandsays:yu

36、areathusandtiesaprperanthatsheaan.issuhflsasyuthataketherldfullfill-favredhildren.isntherglassbutyuthatflatterher,andutfyusheseesherselfreprperbut,istress,knyurself,dnnyurknees,andthankheaven,fasting,fragdanslve;duringthelifeeshuldntrefusethelveftherpeple.heneettherld,eareredbythearefparentsandgivin

37、guturlvetthepeplearundus.andlveshuldnthsebjeteverynehastheequalrighttreeivethearefrthers(huangbikang,2022,35)b.ephasisnindividualisrantiisephasizedtheindividual,thesubjetive,thepersnal,thespntaneus,andtheetinal.befrethe18thentury,hea

38、rdenfrest,tuhtneeetsrin,ashepherd,andtheyengagedinaidebateabuttheadvantageanddisadvantagesfshepherdslifeintheuntryinntrasttthelifefaurtier.thisdialguebeteenaurtandashepherdinthefrestfardenhitsupntheentraltheeftheplay,naely,idylliuntrylifepurgesthehuanindfthedirtlletinthepliatedperrelatinfthehuansiet

39、y.frthistalk,eanfindthat:pepleearnthattheyeat,getthattheyear.theyerenthattheyhadbeenbrn:nbles,peasants,rerhants.theneindustrialistsnaturallylikedtredittheselvesfrhavingbuilttheirlargefrtunesandrejetedtherightfsietytregulate.justasrinsays:thsethataregdannersattheurtareasridiulusintheuntryasthebehavir

40、ftheuntryisstkableattheurt.yutldeyusalutentattheurtbutyukissyurhands;thaturtesyuldbeunleanlyifurtiersereshepherds.besides,urhandsarehard.iaatruelabrer:iearnthatiat,getthatiear,enanhate,envynanshappiness,gladftherensgd,ntentithyhar,andthegreatestfyprideistseeyeesgrazeandylandssuk.(huangbikang,2022,57

41、).thelserelatinshipbeteenanandnaturepartiularperspetivesithregardtnaturevariednsiderably-natureasahealingper,hefrest,thislifeisssipleandn,thereisneartheluxuri

42、uslthesandjeelry,nbighuse,narlse.thisfferedthelddukeseverydaylifeinthefrest.butthelddukeenjysthislife.tunderstandhythisshuldhavebeens,eneedtlkrelselyatthenaturefthestyleanditsrigins.therehashardlybeenatiesinetheearliestantiquitythateurpeansdidntelebratenatureinsefrrther,buttheattitudestardnaturenint

43、heesternrldtdayeergedstlyduringtherantiperid.theenlightenenthadtalkedfnaturallaasthesureftruth,butsuhlaasanifestinhuansietyandrelatedprinipallytivibehavir.unlikethehineseandjapanese,eurpeanshadtraditinallyhadlittleinterestinnaturallandsapesfrtheirnsake.rantisstressthelserelatinshipbeteenanandnature.

44、thesubjetftherelatinshipfrantiistnatureisavastnehihanbetuhednhere.thelddukeattratedbytheildlife,ininterheshrinksithld.butinthisshrinking,lddukefindutatrueself.naturehasgreatperhihakestheldanlivessell,justashesaidbel:n,herefeelentthepenaltyfada,theseasnsdifferene,astheiyfangandhurlishhidingftheinters

45、ind.hihhenitbitesandblsupnybdyeventillishrinkithld,butthisisnflattery:theseareunselrsthatfeelingpersuadeehatia?seetaretheusesfadversity,hih,likethetad,uglyandvenus,earsyetapreiusjeelinhishead;andthisurlife,exeptfrpublihaunt,findstnguesintrees,bksintherunningbrks,sernsinstnes,andgdineverything.iuldnt

46、hangeit.(huangbikang,2022,55)hefrestfarden,theyuthanrland,sethingintheheartishauntinghi,hihakeshiissseneeveryday.hehangslittlelvepesntreesandbrushestexpresshislvetrsalind.atthesaetiethegirlhelvedisalsinlveithhi,buthedesknth

47、at.rantisgenerallyalledfrgreaterattentinttheetinsasaneessarysuppleenttpurelylgialreasn.persnifiednatureplaysaniprtantrleinthepagesftheirrks.reeberedhildhd,unrequitedlve,andtheexiledhererenstantthees.theydisusseddreas,draatiillusin,andrantisensibility,thepressfreativity,theliitsflassiisandreasn,andth

48、edynainatureftheiaginatin.inasyulikeit,rsalindtalksthat:lveiserelyadness,anditellyu,deservesaselladarkhuseandahipasadend;andthereasnhytheyarentspunishedanduredis,thatthelunayissrdinarythatthehispersareinlvet.yetiprfessuringitbyunsel.heastiagineehislve,hisistress;andisethieverydayte.athihtieiuldbeing

49、anishyuth,grieve,beeffeinate,hangeable,lngingandlikingprud,fantastial,apish,shall,innstant,fullftears,fullfsiles;freverypassinsething,andfrnpassintrulyanything,asbysandenarefrthestpartattlefthislr.(huangbikang,2022,46)inthefrest,theidylliuntrylifeshsutthetheeflife:truth,kindness,hise

50、dy,shakespearepensadrtthelifeftheperfetpint.andthislifestyleasreeivedandprfundbythelatterpeple.frthepubliatinflyrialballadsbyrdsrthandleridgein1798tthedeathfsiraltersttin1832,aneveentappearedntheliteraryarea.theessenefthisneveentistheglrifiatinfinstintsandetin,adeeprenvatinfnatureandaflaingzealtrear

51、ktherld.undertheinflueneftheaeriaandfrenhrevlutins,natinalliberatinveentsandderativeentsseptarssanyeurpeanuntries.nlusinthrughtheanalysisftheedyasyulikeit,anlusinanbeadethatraneisapartfurlife.itanakelifelrfulandexiting.fratiisenei;atiiiseneii2;atiiiseneii;atiiisenev,thehleplayshsapint:anntnlyhastherighttenjythebeautyfthelifebuthastheabilitytakehiselfperfetandtpu