Agile-敏捷開(kāi)發(fā)與Scrum流程課件

1、Agile & ScrumLoic LeeAgile & ScrumLoic LeeConcept of AgileWhat do you think Agile is?Agile Philosophy - Result is the most important thing, all procedures or approaches are used for serving it . If the procedure leads to the unexpected results, then we should improve it.Continuous ImprovementAbsorb

2、the Requirement changeRapidly-Responding.Benefit for Customer ValuesMy understanding is: Development Model that meets above essentials can be regarded as Agile.Concept of AgileWhat do you thScrum & AgileScrum & Agile BasicsScrum is a lightweight process framework for agile development.A Scrum proces

3、s is distinguished from other agile processes by:- Specific concepts and practices, - Three categories of Roles, Artifacts, and Time Boxes. Scrum & AgileScrum & Agile BasThe Agile ManifestoIndividuals and interactionsWorking SoftwareCustomer CollaborationResponding to changeProcess and toolsComprehe

4、nsive documentationContract negotiationFollowing a planoveroveroveroverThe Agile ManifestoIndividualsWhat makes Agile work?Better collaboration with businessMore adapted to change/learningCommunicationMotivationDoing LessCollective ownershipTime boxesInspect & adaptFocus on the real thingThree heads

5、 are better than oneCollocationInformation radiatorsShort feedback loopsTeam autonomyAccepted ResponsibilityWhat makes Agile work?Better cThe Big Paradigm ShiftWere used toAgile WantsTime LinesWere done when its done.Project ManagersDisciplined self managing teams.Fixed BudgetsAssumed change means n

6、o fixed cost.Predictable, all at once deliverablesIncremental deliverables driven by value and constant learning.Multiple matrixed units in multiple locations make up teamCo-location one team.Communication by DocumentInformation Radiators.Customer is removedCustomer is part of team.Certain Knowledge

7、ActionThe Big Paradigm ShiftWere usSequential vs. Overlapping DevelopmentRather than doing all ofone thing at a time. Scrum teams do a little of everything all the time RequirementsDesignCodeTestSequential vs. Overlapping DevOverviewOverviewScrum FrameworkRolesProduct OwnerScrumMasterTeamCeremoniesS

8、print planningSprint reviewSprint retrospectiveDaily scrum meetingSprint(Time box)ArtifactsProduct BacklogSprint backlogBurndown ChartScrum FrameworkRolesProduct OwScrum ProcessScrum ProcessRolesProduct OwnerIs (or is the representative of) the CustomerDefines and maintains the Product BacklogPriori

9、tizes the Product BacklogEmpowered to make decisions for all customers and usersPresents and explains Product Backlog to teamScrum TeamPerforms the work directed by the CustomerSelf-organizingTypically 5-9 performers (Cross-functional)Business and technical skills to build an increment of functional

10、ityResponsible for estimating and committing to workFull autonomy and authority during a SprintScrumMasterGuides the Agile ExecutionResponsible for the processResponsible for maximizing team productivitySets up and conducts meetingsRepresentative to management and teamCharacteristics of a border col

11、lie or sheepdogRolesProduct OwnerIs (or is thTeam selects items from the product backlog they can commit to completingSprint backlog is created- Tasks are identified and each is estimated (1-16 hours)- Collaboratively, not done alone by the ScrumMasterHigh-level design is considered e.g.,Sprint Plan

12、ningAs a vacationplanner, I want tosee photos of thehotels.Code the middle tier (8 hours)Code the user interface (4)Write test xtures (4)Code the foo class (6)Update performance tests (4)Team selects items from the prDaily Scrum MeetingParameters Daily 15-minutes Stand-upNot for problem solving Whol

13、e world is invited Only team members, ScrumMaster and product owner can talkHelps avoid other unnecessary meetingsEveryone answers 3 questionsIs anything in your way?3What will you do today?2What did you do yesterday?1 These are not status for the ScrumMaster. They are commitments in front of peers.

14、Daily Scrum MeetingParametersESprint ReviewPresents what is accomplishedTakes the form of a demo featuresInformal 2-hour prep time rule No slidesWhole team participatesInvite the worldSprint ReviewPresents what is Sprint RetrospectivePeriodically take a look at what is working and what is notTypical

15、ly around 30 minutesDone after every sprintWhole team participates ScrumMaster Product owner Team Possibly customers and othersSprint RetrospectivePeriodicalProduct BacklogThe requirements A list off all desired work on the projectIdeally expressed such that each item has value to the users or custo

16、mers of the productPrioritized by the product ownerReprioritized at the start of each sprintProduct BacklogThe requirementSprint backlogTasksMonTuesWedThurFriCode the user interface848Code the middle tier1612104Test the middle tier81616118Write online help12Write the foo class88888Add error logging8

17、4Sprint backlogTasksMonTuesWedTBurndown ChartBurndown chart should consist of: X axis to display working days Y axis to display remaining effort Ideal effort as a guideline Real progress of effortDisplays theremaining effort for a given period of time.Burndown ChartBurndown chart sStore PointStory p

18、oint is an arbitrary measure1,2,4,8,16 XS, S, M, L, XL. Fibonacci series - 1,2,3,5,13,40,100- Abstract - NOT directly co-relate to actual hours.- If using Fibonacci series, usually consider not using 1 and 2.- Find a baseline storyStore PointStory point is an a11醉翁亭記 1反復(fù)朗讀并背誦課文，培養(yǎng)文言語(yǔ)感。2結(jié)合注釋疏通文義，了解文本

19、內(nèi)容，掌握文本寫(xiě)作思路。3把握文章的藝術(shù)特色，理解虛詞在文中的作用。4體會(huì)作者的思想感情，理解作者的政治理想。一、導(dǎo)入新課范仲淹因參與改革被貶，于慶歷六年寫(xiě)下岳陽(yáng)樓記，寄托自己“先天下之憂而憂，后天下之樂(lè)而樂(lè)”的政治理想。實(shí)際上，這次改革，受到貶謫的除了范仲淹和滕子京之外，還有范仲淹改革的另一位支持者北宋大文學(xué)家、史學(xué)家歐陽(yáng)修。他于慶歷五年被貶謫到滁州，也就是今天的安徽省滁州市。也是在此期間，歐陽(yáng)修在滁州留下了不遜于岳陽(yáng)樓記的千古名篇醉翁亭記。接下來(lái)就讓我們一起來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)這篇課文吧！【教學(xué)提示】結(jié)合前文教學(xué)，有利于學(xué)生把握本文寫(xiě)作背景，進(jìn)而加深學(xué)生對(duì)作品含義的理解。二、教學(xué)新課目標(biāo)導(dǎo)學(xué)一：認(rèn)識(shí)作者

20、，了解作品背景作者簡(jiǎn)介：歐陽(yáng)修(10071072)，字永叔，自號(hào)醉翁，晚年又號(hào)“六一居士”。吉州永豐(今屬江西)人，因吉州原屬?gòu)]陵郡，因此他又以“廬陵歐陽(yáng)修”自居。謚號(hào)文忠，世稱(chēng)歐陽(yáng)文忠公。北宋政治家、文學(xué)家、史學(xué)家，與韓愈、柳宗元、王安石、蘇洵、蘇軾、蘇轍、曾鞏合稱(chēng)“唐宋八大家”。后人又將其與韓愈、柳宗元和蘇軾合稱(chēng)“千古文章四大家”。關(guān)于“醉翁”與“六一居士”：初謫滁山，自號(hào)醉翁。既老而衰且病，將退休于潁水之上，則又更號(hào)六一居士?？陀袉?wèn)曰：“六一何謂也？”居士曰：“吾家藏書(shū)一萬(wàn)卷，集錄三代以來(lái)金石遺文一千卷，有琴一張，有棋一局，而常置酒一壺?！笨驮唬骸笆菫槲逡粻?，奈何？”居士曰：“以吾一翁，

21、老于此五物之間，豈不為六一乎？”寫(xiě)作背景：宋仁宗慶歷五年(1045年)，參知政事范仲淹等人遭讒離職，歐陽(yáng)修上書(shū)替他們分辯，被貶到滁州做了兩年知州。到任以后，他內(nèi)心抑郁，但還能發(fā)揮“寬簡(jiǎn)而不擾”的作風(fēng)，取得了某些政績(jī)。醉翁亭記就是在這個(gè)時(shí)期寫(xiě)就的。目標(biāo)導(dǎo)學(xué)二：朗讀文章，通文順字1初讀文章，結(jié)合工具書(shū)梳理文章字詞。2朗讀文章，劃分文章節(jié)奏，標(biāo)出節(jié)奏劃分有疑難的語(yǔ)句。節(jié)奏劃分示例環(huán)滁/皆山也。其/西南諸峰，林壑/尤美，望之/蔚然而深秀者，瑯琊也。山行/六七里，漸聞/水聲潺潺，而瀉出于/兩峰之間者，釀泉也。峰回/路轉(zhuǎn)，有亭/翼然臨于泉上者，醉翁亭也。作亭者/誰(shuí)？山之僧/曰/智仙也。名之者/誰(shuí)？太守/自

22、謂也。太守與客來(lái)飲/于此，飲少/輒醉，而/年又最高，故/自號(hào)曰/醉翁也。醉翁之意/不在酒，在乎/山水之間也。山水之樂(lè)，得之心/而寓之酒也。節(jié)奏劃分思考“山行/六七里”為什么不能劃分為“山/行六七里”？明確：“山行”意指“沿著山路走”，“山行”是個(gè)狀中短語(yǔ)，不能將其割裂。“望之/蔚然而深秀者”為什么不能劃分為“望之蔚然/而深秀者”？明確：“蔚然而深秀”是兩個(gè)并列的詞，不宜割裂，“望之”是總起詞語(yǔ)，故應(yīng)從其后斷句。【教學(xué)提示】引導(dǎo)學(xué)生在反復(fù)朗讀的過(guò)程中劃分朗讀節(jié)奏，在劃分節(jié)奏的過(guò)程中感知文意。對(duì)于部分結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的句子，教師可做適當(dāng)?shù)闹v解引導(dǎo)。目標(biāo)導(dǎo)學(xué)三：結(jié)合注釋?zhuān)g訓(xùn)練1學(xué)生結(jié)合課下注釋和工具書(shū)自

23、行疏通文義，并畫(huà)出不解之處?！窘虒W(xué)提示】節(jié)奏劃分與明確文意相輔相成，若能以節(jié)奏劃分引導(dǎo)學(xué)生明確文意最好；若學(xué)生理解有限，亦可在解讀文意后把握節(jié)奏劃分。2以四人小組為單位，組內(nèi)互助解疑，并嘗試用“直譯”與“意譯”兩種方法譯讀文章。3教師選擇疑難句或值得翻譯的句子，請(qǐng)學(xué)生用兩種翻譯方法進(jìn)行翻譯。翻譯示例：若夫日出而林霏開(kāi)，云歸而巖穴暝，晦明變化者，山間之朝暮也。野芳發(fā)而幽香，佳木秀而繁陰，風(fēng)霜高潔，水落而石出者，山間之四時(shí)也。直譯法：那太陽(yáng)一出來(lái)，樹(shù)林里的霧氣散開(kāi)，云霧聚攏，山谷就顯得昏暗了，朝則自暗而明，暮則自明而暗，或暗或明，變化不一，這是山間早晚的景色。野花開(kāi)放，有一股清幽的香味，好的樹(shù)木枝

24、葉繁茂，形成濃郁的綠蔭。天高氣爽，霜色潔白，泉水淺了，石底露出水面，這是山中四季的景色。意譯法：太陽(yáng)升起，山林里霧氣開(kāi)始消散，煙云聚攏，山谷又開(kāi)始顯得昏暗，清晨自暗而明，薄暮又自明而暗，如此暗明變化的，就是山中的朝暮。春天野花綻開(kāi)并散發(fā)出陣陣幽香，夏日佳樹(shù)繁茂并形成一片濃蔭，秋天風(fēng)高氣爽，霜色潔白，冬日水枯而石底上露，如此，就是山中的四季?！窘虒W(xué)提示】翻譯有直譯與意譯兩種方式，直譯鍛煉學(xué)生用語(yǔ)的準(zhǔn)確性，但可能會(huì)降低譯文的美感；意譯可加強(qiáng)譯文的美感，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的翻譯興趣，但可能會(huì)降低譯文的準(zhǔn)確性。因此，需兩種翻譯方式都做必要引導(dǎo)。全文直譯內(nèi)容見(jiàn)我的積累本。目標(biāo)導(dǎo)學(xué)四：解讀文段，把握文本內(nèi)容1賞析第

25、一段，說(shuō)說(shuō)本文是如何引出“醉翁亭”的位置的，作者在此運(yùn)用了怎樣的藝術(shù)手法。明確：首先以“環(huán)滁皆山也”五字領(lǐng)起，將滁州的地理環(huán)境一筆勾出，點(diǎn)出醉翁亭坐落在群山之中，并縱觀滁州全貌，鳥(niǎo)瞰群山環(huán)抱之景。接著作者將“鏡頭”全景移向局部，先寫(xiě)“西南諸峰，林壑尤美”，醉翁亭坐落在有最美的林壑的西南諸峰之中，視野集中到最佳處。再寫(xiě)瑯琊山“蔚然而深秀”，點(diǎn)山“秀”，照應(yīng)上文的“美”。又寫(xiě)釀泉，其名字透出了泉與酒的關(guān)系，好泉釀好酒，好酒叫人醉?！白砦掏ぁ钡拿直惆抵型赋?，然后引出“醉翁亭”來(lái)。作者利用空間變幻的手法，移步換景，由遠(yuǎn)及近，為我們描繪了一幅幅山水特寫(xiě)。2第二段主要寫(xiě)了什么？它和第一段有什么聯(lián)系？明確

26、：第二段利用時(shí)間推移，抓住朝暮及四季特點(diǎn)，描繪了對(duì)比鮮明的晦明變化圖及四季風(fēng)光圖，寫(xiě)出了其中的“樂(lè)亦無(wú)窮”。第二段是第一段“山水之樂(lè)”的具體化。3第三段同樣是寫(xiě)“樂(lè)”，但卻是寫(xiě)的游人之樂(lè)，作者是如何寫(xiě)游人之樂(lè)的？明確：“滁人游”，前呼后應(yīng)，扶老攜幼，自由自在，熱鬧非凡；“太守宴”，溪深魚(yú)肥，泉香酒洌，美味佳肴，應(yīng)有盡有；“眾賓歡”，投壺下棋，觥籌交錯(cuò)，說(shuō)說(shuō)笑笑，無(wú)拘無(wú)束。如此勾畫(huà)了游人之樂(lè)。4作者為什么要在第三段寫(xiě)游人之樂(lè)？明確：寫(xiě)滁人之游，描繪出一幅太平祥和的百姓游樂(lè)圖。游樂(lè)場(chǎng)景映在太守的眼里，便多了一層政治清明的意味。太守在游人之樂(lè)中酒酣而醉，此醉是為山水之樂(lè)而醉，更是為能與百姓同樂(lè)而醉。

27、體現(xiàn)太守與百姓關(guān)系融洽，“政通人和”才能有這樣的樂(lè)。5第四段主要寫(xiě)了什么？明確：寫(xiě)宴會(huì)散、眾人歸的情景。目標(biāo)導(dǎo)學(xué)五：深入解讀，把握作者思想感情思考探究：作者以一個(gè)“樂(lè)”字貫穿全篇，卻有兩個(gè)句子別出深意，不單單是在寫(xiě)樂(lè)，而是另有所指，表達(dá)出另外一種情緒，請(qǐng)你找出這兩個(gè)句子，說(shuō)說(shuō)這種情緒是什么。明確：醉翁之意不在酒，在乎山水之間也。醉能同其樂(lè)，醒能述以文者，太守也。這種情緒是作者遭貶謫后的抑郁，作者并未在文中袒露胸懷，只含蓄地說(shuō)：“醉能同其樂(lè)，醒能述以文者，太守也?！贝司渑c醉翁亭的名稱(chēng)、“醉翁之意不在酒，在乎山水之間也”前后呼應(yīng)，并與“滁人游”“太守宴”“眾賓歡”“太守醉”連成一條抒情的線索，曲折地表達(dá)了作者內(nèi)心復(fù)雜的思想感情。目標(biāo)導(dǎo)學(xué)六：賞