lecture1詞語的翻譯課件

1、翻譯理論與實踐（上）Lecture 1 詞語的翻譯翻譯理論與實踐（上）Lecture 1 詞語的翻譯本章討論內(nèi)容隱喻的翻譯四字短語的翻譯及在翻譯中的應(yīng)用解包袱翻譯引申式翻譯2本章討論內(nèi)容隱喻的翻譯2隱喻是文化詞匯構(gòu)成的重要途徑傳統(tǒng)語言學(xué)認(rèn)為隱喻是一種修辭手段；認(rèn)知語言學(xué)則視隱喻為人類系統(tǒng)認(rèn)知世界的主要手段。3隱喻是文化詞匯構(gòu)成的重要途徑傳統(tǒng)語言學(xué)認(rèn)為隱喻是一種修辭手段Some examplesHe left out some minor details when he retold the story. 友誼的橋梁，感情的紐帶愛情長跑到達(dá)終點 4空間圖示鏈接圖示始源終點圖示Some examp

2、lesHe left out some隱喻的形式靈活多變，可以是一個詞，詞組，句子或段落。e.g. He hatched a clever scheme. 釘子戶，城市生活的脈搏5隱喻的形式靈活多變，可以是一個詞，詞組，句子或段落。5隱喻表達(dá)翻譯的常用處理策略直譯（照譯原文中的比喻）借用（將原文中的比喻改成地道的譯入語中的比喻）直譯解釋（照譯原文中的比喻，但附加一個說明）刪除（舍棄比喻，改用普通語言來表達(dá)）6隱喻表達(dá)翻譯的常用處理策略直譯（照譯原文中的比喻）6直譯前提：譯文讀者能接受這種直接搬過來的比喻e.g. spend money like water be armed to teeth7

3、花錢如流水武裝到牙齒直譯前提：譯文讀者能接受這種直接搬過來的比喻7花錢如流水武裝借用能有效消除翻譯的痕跡，幫助順暢交流。e.g. a flash in a pan have one foot in the grave spring up like mushrooms8曇花一現(xiàn)風(fēng)燭殘年如雨后春筍般涌現(xiàn)出來借用能有效消除翻譯的痕跡，幫助順暢交流。8曇花一現(xiàn)風(fēng)燭殘年如9Mr. Smith may serve as a good secretary, for he is as dumb as an oyster. 史密斯先生可以當(dāng)個好秘書，因為他守口如瓶。9Mr. Smith may serve as

4、 a good直譯解釋既保留原文比喻，又解釋其意思；但譯文會略顯冗長。e.g. The tongue is a fire.10口舌如火，火能傷人，口舌亦然。直譯解釋既保留原文比喻，又解釋其意思；10口舌如火，火能傷刪除譯語中找不到對應(yīng)的比喻，且比喻價值不大時可采用。e.g. Wall Street is a dog-eat-dog place. 華爾街是一個殘酷的地方。11刪除譯語中找不到對應(yīng)的比喻，且比喻價值不大時可采用。11近年來，世界經(jīng)濟(jì)低迷給國際航空運輸業(yè)的發(fā)展蒙上了一層陰影，去年發(fā)生的“911”恐怖事件，更是雪上加霜，使國際航空運輸業(yè)再次遭受重創(chuàng)。12has brought hard

5、 timesaggravate近年來，世界經(jīng)濟(jì)低迷給國際航空運輸業(yè)的發(fā)展蒙上了一層陰影，去四字短語的翻譯這種飛機(jī)體積不大，價格便宜，無人駕駛。This aircraft is small, inexpensive and pilotless.當(dāng)時如果逃避決斗，他將在社會上名聲掃地。To escape on the duel would mean social ruin for him.13四字短語的翻譯這種飛機(jī)體積不大，價格便宜，無人駕駛。13中國將始終不渝走和平發(fā)展道路。China will be firmly committed to peaceful development.事實證明，你

6、提出的措施是行之有效的。The measures you have proposed have proved to be effective.14中國將始終不渝走和平發(fā)展道路。14今天，中國人民已經(jīng)擁有一個欣欣向榮的社會主義祖國。Today the Chinese people see a prosperous socialist motherland.15今天，中國人民已經(jīng)擁有一個欣欣向榮的社會主義祖國。15要集中全國人民的智慧和力量，聚精會神搞建設(shè)，一心一意謀發(fā)展。We will pool the wisdom and strength of the Chinese people to c

7、oncentrate on construction and development.16要集中全國人民的智慧和力量，聚精會神搞建設(shè)，一心一意謀發(fā)展。翻譯中四字結(jié)構(gòu)的應(yīng)用四字結(jié)構(gòu)表意精煉，講求平衡，瑯瑯上口。使用恰當(dāng)，可為譯文增色不少。e.g. Most Americans have great vigor and enthusiasm. 美國人大多數(shù)精力充沛，熱情奔放。17翻譯中四字結(jié)構(gòu)的應(yīng)用四字結(jié)構(gòu)表意精煉，講求平衡，瑯瑯上口。使His speech was Irish throughout: versatile, witty and occasionally pointed.他的演講自始

8、至終帶有愛爾蘭人的風(fēng)格：洋洋灑灑，妙趣橫生，有時犀利深刻。18His speech was Irish throughouThe guest was pleased by the distinction but not overwhelmed.來賓對這份殊榮感到高興，但并未受寵若驚。19The guest was pleased by the dHe was struck by her powerful profile, her rich black hair falling freely onto her shoulders, the intensity of her dark eyes.他

9、一下子為她的出眾長相所傾倒：披肩長發(fā)，烏黑飄逸；一雙黑眸炯炯有神。20He was struck by her powerful All the ones we have seen here have for-star abilities with five-star ambitions.我們在這里看到的全都是些眼高手低之輩。21All the ones we have seen here to witness the change of seasons, of spring and autumn, of winter and summer; and to feel hot and cold,

10、 pleasure and pain, beauty and deformity, right and wrong; to be sensible to the accidents of Nature; to consider the mighty world of eye and ear.練習(xí) to witness the change of參考譯文 我們眼見四季更迭，春去秋來，寒來暑往；我們親歷世態(tài)炎涼，快樂悲傷，美麗丑陋，是非短長；我們感受著大自然的風(fēng)風(fēng)雨雨，體念著這光怪陸離世界的離合悲歡。 參考譯文 我們眼見四季更迭，春去秋來，寒來暑往；我們解包袱法翻譯英譯漢時，某些詞語在漢語中搭配不

11、當(dāng)或難以搭配，這時可采用此種方法。e.g. They tried vainly to blame us for the breakdown in the truce（休戰(zhàn)，?；穑?talk.他們企圖把停火談判破裂歸罪于我們，但沒成功。24解包袱法翻譯英譯漢時，某些詞語在漢語中搭配不當(dāng)或難以搭配，這She was pardonably proud of her wonderful cooking.她以自己高超的廚藝為榮，這情有可原。He crashed down on a protesting chair.他猛地坐到椅子上，壓得椅子吱吱作響。25She was pardonably proud

12、of heJordon cannot politely turn down the invitation to an Arab foreign ministers conference.約旦若拒絕接受（參加）阿拉伯外長會議的邀請，這在禮節(jié)上說不過去。26Jordon cannot politely turn doDawn met him well along the way. It was a pleasant uneventful ride.他一早就上路了，這次旅行很愉快，沒碰到什么意外。27Dawn met him well along the waThey properly have t

13、o be very factual.他們必須實事求是，這是應(yīng)該的。28They properly have to be very This is a thought-provokingly different explanation.這個解釋完全不同，但卻很能給人啟發(fā)。29This is a thought-provokingly 引申譯法Key opinion leaders: independent experts or drug representatives in disguise?影響輿論的重要領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人物：獨立的專家抑或偽裝的藥物代表？30引申譯法Key opinion leaders

14、: indepClinton as the first black president New Yorker, October 2019 克林頓：第一個親近黑人的總統(tǒng)31Clinton as the first black preWe want to buy quality steel.我們想買高質(zhì)量的鋼材。the joy of his return由于他回來而有的喜悅32We want to buy quality steel.3The president now is on a poverty tour.總統(tǒng)正在訪問貧困地區(qū)。She is on her listening tour of

15、New York.她正在紐約巡回訪問，聽取群眾的意見。33The president now is on a poveBryant Gumbel is sometimes favorably compared with Ted Koppel.人們有時把布萊恩特甘貝爾和特德考波爾相比，認(rèn)為甘貝爾更好。34Bryant Gumbel is sometimes favThe so-called critics are only generically mentioned, but not individually mentioned.那些所謂的批評者，傳媒提到他們時總是泛泛而指，從來不指名道姓。35

16、The so-called critics are onlyThe areas could be profitably rehabilitated.重建這些地區(qū)是有利可圖的。36The areas could be profitably the consensus strategies for managing the worlds forests sustainably既能獲得各方同意，又能使全球森林得以可持續(xù)生長的管理策略37the consensus strategies for mMen tend to enjoy public, referentially orientated ta

17、lk, while women enjoy intimated, affectively orientated talk.男人喜歡公開談?wù)撚芯唧w內(nèi)容的話題，而女人則喜歡兩三個人私下交流感情。38Men tend to enjoy public, refOf humble parentage, he began his working life in a shoe factory.由于出身低微，他的第一個工作是在一家制鞋廠。39Of humble parentage, he began With the tree now tall, we get more shade.由于樹長高了，我們就有了更

18、多的樹蔭。Drug-induced disease, heart-breaking news藥源性疾病，令人心碎的消息40With the tree now tall, we getLook, we are not tennis people. We wouldnt feel right there. I wouldnt feel right there.譯文1：我們不是打網(wǎng)球的人。我們在那兒會感到不好，我在那兒會感到不好。譯文2：我們不是網(wǎng)球圈子里的人。那兒不是我們該去的地方，也不是我該去的地方。41Look, we are not tennis peopleThat doesnt worr

19、y me as much as that sullen look, as though shes going to get out a razor.我覺得最可怕的還是她那兇狠的樣子，就好像馬上要掏出一把剃刀把你宰了似的。42That doesnt worry me as much A number of activities will still have to occur before the goods reach the consumer.商品要經(jīng)過許多環(huán)節(jié)才能最終到達(dá)客戶手中。43A number of activities will stThe administration was

20、free from corruption. 這屆政府沒有腐敗現(xiàn)象。44The administration was free frI am pleased to be here to offer a U.S. business perspective on one of todays great quality challenges: building a high skill/ high wage workforce.我很高興能來此介紹一下美國商界對當(dāng)今我們在素質(zhì)方面所面臨的挑戰(zhàn)的看法，這項挑戰(zhàn)就是如何建立一支高技術(shù)、高薪金的工作隊伍。45I am pleased to be here to

21、 offOur unique concept was a response to buyer needs, bringing greater reliability, higher-quality output, exceptional user-friendliness and operational ease.我們唯一的信念就是要適應(yīng)購買者的需要，生產(chǎn)更可靠的、質(zhì)量更高的產(chǎn)品，讓使用者感到格外好用和操作方便。46Our unique concept was a respoYou remind me very much of Lenin, whom I met in this buildin

22、g fifty-two years ago. 我覺得你很像列寧，52年前，我就是在這座大廈里同他見面的。47You remind me very much of LenIn fact, one mould can produce many thousands of articles before it wears out.事實上，一個模子生產(chǎn)成千上萬件產(chǎn)品之后才會用壞。48In fact, one mould can produceAll services in business such as gift wrapping, delivery, and credit have some amo

23、unt of costs associated with them, and these costs must be covered by higher prices.商業(yè)中所有的服務(wù)諸如禮品包裝、送貨以及賒帳都有相應(yīng)的成本，而這些成本要靠較高的價格來彌補。49All services in business suchThe new father wore a proud smile. 剛做了父親的那個人面帶著得意的笑容。Cleverer heads than mine might have seen his drift (動向，趨勢).比我聰明的人，才弄得懂他葫蘆里賣的是什么藥。50The

24、new father wore a proud smWords once reserved for restroom walls are now common stuff in films, plays, books and even on television.曾經(jīng)是不登大雅之堂的言語，如今充斥于電影、戲劇、書籍之中，甚至充斥在電視上。51Words once reserved for restroThe Major （少校）again pressed to his blue eyes the tips of the fingers that were disposed on the edg

25、e of the wheeled chair with careful carelessness.少校用一種精心做出的漫不經(jīng)心的姿態(tài)再次把原來的輪椅邊上的指尖按住自己的藍(lán)眼睛。少校的指尖放在輪椅邊上，（只見）他故作漫不經(jīng)心狀，再次用指尖按住自己的藍(lán)眼睛。52The Major （少校）again pressed toHe had lived all his life in desert where every cupful of water might be a matter of life and death.他一直在沙漠上生活，這地方每一杯水都得精打細(xì)算地用；一杯水可能是生死攸關(guān)的事。53He had lived all his life in dA large segment of mankind turns to untrammeled (自由自在) nature as a last refuge from encroaching (侵占，蠶食)technology.許多人都向往回歸自然 - 他們躲避現(xiàn)代技術(shù)侵