自考國際商務(wù)英語lesson5、6課件

1、International Business EnglishLesson 5International Trade IInternational Business EnglishBusiness KnowledgeThe definition of international trade(2)Two reasons for international trade A.The uneven distribution of natural resources among countries B.International specializationBusiness KnowledgeThe de

2、finiti(3)Two theories for international specialization A.The theory of absolute advantage B.The theory of comparative advantage a.Contents of the theory b.Not a static concept c.The cornerstone of modern thinking on international trade d.David Ricardo, the economist who introduced the theory(3)Two t

3、heories for internatiTrade Terms 1.Services 服務(wù)2.Primary commodities 初級產(chǎn)品3.Specialization 專業(yè)化: To restrict ones economic activities to certain particular fields.4.Absolute advantage 絕對利益: It holds that a commodity will be produced in the country where it costs least in terms of resources (capital, la

4、nd and labor)Trade Terms 1.Services 服務(wù)5.Comparative advantage 比較利益: It holds that even if a country is less efficient than another in the production of both commodities, i.e. it has absolute disadvantage in production both commodities, there is still a basis for mutually beneficial trade.5.Comparati

5、ve advantage 比較利益:6.Capital 資本7.Land and labor 土地和勞動力8.International trade 國際貿(mào)易: The exchange of goods and services produced in one country with those produced in another sufficient.9.Farm produce 農(nóng)產(chǎn)品10.Scarce resources 稀缺資源6.Capital 資本In the complex economic world, no country can be completely self

6、-sufficient.In the complex economic world,With the development of manufacturing and technology, there arose another incentive for trade, i.e. international specialization.With the development of manufaAccording to the theory of Comparative advantage, both trade partners can benefit from trade.Accord

7、ing to the theory of ComComparative advantage is not a static concept. A country may develop a particular comparative advantage purely through its own actionsComparative advantage is not aThe idea of comparative advantage has become the cornerstone of modern thinking on international trade.The idea

8、of comparative advantInternational Business EnglishLesson 6International Trade IIInternational Business EnglishBusiness Knowledge(1)Other bases for trade among countries A.Patterns of demand: different consumption preference B.Economy of scale: the cost advantages of large-scale production C.Innovat

9、ion or style(2)The reasons why complete specialization may never occurBusiness Knowledge(1)Other ba(3)Tariff barriers-the most common form of trade restriction A.Export duty B.Import duty a.Specific duty b.Ad valorem duty c.Compound duty(4)Quotas-the most common form of non-tariff barriers(3)Tariff

10、barriers-the most cTrade Terms 1.Tariff 關(guān)稅: A tax levied on a commodity when it crosses the boundary of a custom area.2.Quota 配額: A quota limits the imports or exports of a commodity during a given period of time. It is the most common form of non-tariff barriers.3.Import duties 進口關(guān)稅: Tariffs levied

11、 on goods entering an area4.Export duties 出口關(guān)稅: Taxes levied on goods leaving an area5.Ad valorem duty 從價稅: Trade Terms 1.Tariff 關(guān)稅: A ta6.Specific duty 從量稅7.Compound duties 復稅、混合關(guān)稅8.Drawback 退稅: Duties paid on imported goods that are refunded if the goods are reexported.9.Most-favored-nation (MFN)

12、treatment 最惠國待遇: A tariff treatment under which a country is required to extend to all signatories any tariff concessions granted to any participating country6.Specific duty 從量稅10.Tariff schedule 稅率表、稅則11.Non-tariff barrier 非關(guān)稅壁壘12.GSP 普惠制: Generalized system of preferences.13.Reasonable costs 合理的成本

13、14.Customs area 關(guān)稅區(qū)15.Customs union 關(guān)稅同盟16.Tariff barriers 關(guān)稅壁壘: The traditional protectionism measure10.Tariff schedule 稅率表、稅則The cost of a product will decrease with the expansion of production scale.The cost of a product will decIn reality, complete specialization may never occur even though it is economically advantageous.In reality, complete specializQuotas or quantitative restrictions are the most common form of non-tariff barriers.Quotas or quantitative restricThe visible trade is the import and export of goods, and the invisible tr