人教版英語(yǔ)八年級(jí)下冊(cè)語(yǔ)法-現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)-課件

1、 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) NICE TO MEET YOU !1 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) NICE TO MEET YOU !1課前小測(cè)1.你還能回想起我們學(xué)過(guò)的時(shí)態(tài)么？2.Several journalists（記者） _ the lawyer （律師）about the case（案件） an hour ago.A. interview B. interviewed C. will interview D. had interviewed2課前小測(cè)1.你還能回想起我們學(xué)過(guò)的時(shí)態(tài)么？2現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一、概念： The Present Tense is ued to talk about events that are

2、revelent to the present but that happen in te past. It is used to talk about an actoin that started in the past without mensioning a specific time 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來(lái)討論與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)的事件，但這個(gè)事件是發(fā)生在過(guò)去的。而且它所描述的事件沒(méi)有明確的開(kāi)始時(shí)間。3現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一、概念：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來(lái)討論與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)的事件，但這present(now)futurepast 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)( present perfect tense)4present(now)futurep

3、ast 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)4現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)二、基本結(jié)構(gòu)：have/has（助動(dòng)詞）+done（過(guò)去分詞）肯定：主語(yǔ)+have/has+done+其他否定：在have/has后+notHe has finished his work.He hasnt finished his work.5現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)二、基本結(jié)構(gòu)：have/has（助動(dòng)詞）+done現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一般疑問(wèn)：Have/Has +主+done+其它?回答 ： Yes, 主+have/has. No,主+havent/hasnt.特殊疑問(wèn)：特疑詞+have/has +主+done+其它?Has he finished his work? Yes,he

4、has./No,he hasntWhat has he finished ?6現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)Has he finished his work現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)Q:注意到動(dòng)詞的變化沒(méi)有？ 過(guò)去分詞規(guī)則變化（就跟動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式一毛一樣）(carried、worked、played、stopped)不規(guī)則變化（請(qǐng)去背誦書(shū)本最后一頁(yè)）(see-seen、go-gone、run-run)自己背7現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)Q:注意到動(dòng)詞的變化沒(méi)有？ 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常見(jiàn)不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表：自己背去 am/is-was-been are-were-been do-did-done come-came-come eat-ate-eaten see-s

5、aw-seen give-gave-given go-went-gone speak-spoke-spoken take-took-taken run- ran run become-became-become8現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常見(jiàn)不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表：自己背去 am/is-was過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè) Typeoriginal p.t p.pcostcostcostreadreadreadmeetmetmetcatchcaughtcaught rideroderiddenspeakspokespokenkeepkeptkeptdrinkdrankdrunkeatateeatenABBAAA ABC主菜

6、單9過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè) Typeoriginal 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)三、時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞：already yet so far recently、lately ever 已經(jīng) 還、仍、已經(jīng) 至今為止 最近 曾經(jīng) since+時(shí)間點(diǎn) for+時(shí)間段 自從.以來(lái) 持續(xù).in the last few years in the past 3 years. 在過(guò)去的幾年里 在過(guò)去的3年里解題技巧啊喂！10現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)三、時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞：解題技巧啊喂！10現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)老師一般怎么考： 單選、填詞把動(dòng)詞挖走留個(gè)空。一旦題目里面沒(méi)有動(dòng)詞了好了，找時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞吧，一定有?？键c(diǎn)！11現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)老師一般怎么考： 單選、填詞考點(diǎn)！

7、11現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的應(yīng)用1.描述過(guò)往的經(jīng)歷（up to now 到現(xiàn)在為止） 常與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) never ever before 連用Have you ever been to the Summer Palace?(你曾去過(guò)頤和園嗎?) I have never had a car. (我從未有過(guò)汽車(chē)。) I ve seen it before. (我從未有過(guò)汽車(chē)。)12現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的應(yīng)用1.描述過(guò)往的經(jīng)歷（up to now 到現(xiàn) never 是否定詞，表示“從來(lái)沒(méi)有”，而ever 表示“曾經(jīng)”We have never been to the Great Wall. 我們從來(lái)沒(méi)有去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城。Have

8、 you ever been to Canada? 你們?cè)?jīng)去過(guò)加拿大嗎？ 13 never 是否定詞，表示“從來(lái)沒(méi)有”，而ever 表示“現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的應(yīng)用2.描述最近發(fā)生的事情（強(qiáng)調(diào)剛剛） 常與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) just 連用Ive just had breakfast.我剛剛吃完早飯。 What have they just done? (他們剛剛做了什么。) 與區(qū)別just now，just now 用于一般過(guò)去時(shí)14現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的應(yīng)用2.描述最近發(fā)生的事情（強(qiáng)調(diào)剛剛）Ive 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 3.表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果：強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果。時(shí)常和副詞already, yet等連用。

9、- Its so dark.-Someone has turned off the light.(有人剛把燈關(guān)了,對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是:現(xiàn)在很黑)- Are you free?-I have finished my homework. I am free(我已經(jīng)完成了家庭作業(yè),對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是很有空)15現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 3.表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影Mother: John, clean your teeth please.John: Mum, I have already(已經(jīng)) cleaned them.16Mother: John, clean your teetha）al

10、ready 往往用于肯定句，用在疑問(wèn)句時(shí)表示強(qiáng) 調(diào)或加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣；yet 用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句。He has already left here. 他已經(jīng)離開(kāi)這里了。Has he already left here? 他（真的）已經(jīng)離開(kāi)這里了嗎？（表示加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣）My teachers havent had breakfast yet. 我的老師們還沒(méi)有吃早飯。Have you written to your parents yet? 你已經(jīng)給你父母寫(xiě)過(guò)信了嗎？17a）already 往往用于肯定句，用在疑問(wèn)句時(shí)表示強(qiáng) 調(diào)或yet在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的用法 否定句:句末 “還(沒(méi))”疑問(wèn)句: 句末 “己經(jīng)”

11、 Eg. I havent had breakfast yet. Have you had breakfast yet?18yet在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的用法 否定句:句末 “還(沒(méi))”疑問(wèn)句現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)4.表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始, 持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài).常與since + 過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，for + 一段時(shí)間，so far 等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。I have learnt English for more than ten years.我已經(jīng)學(xué)了10多年的英語(yǔ)。(從10年前開(kāi)始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在還在學(xué))She has swum since half an hour ago.我已經(jīng)游泳了半個(gè)小時(shí)(半個(gè)小時(shí)前已經(jīng)開(kāi)始游泳,

12、到現(xiàn)在還在游)19現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)4.表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始, 持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài).?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)since和for的用法20現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)since和for的用法20e.g. Lily has been away from home since last Friday.since last Fridaylast Fridaypresentpastsince + 時(shí)間點(diǎn)Lily自從上周五就離開(kāi)了家。21e.g. Lily has been away from h現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) since Mr. Smith has worked here since 1984. （1984年以來(lái)，史密斯先生一直在這工作。）I

13、have known Daniel since 7 years ago.（自從7年前我就認(rèn)識(shí)丹尼爾。）Hes learned about 500 words since he went to college.（他上大學(xué)以來(lái)大約學(xué)了五千個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞）22現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)22e.g. I have been in the new school for a week.for a weeklast weekpresentpastfor + 時(shí)間段我已經(jīng)來(lái)新學(xué)校一周了。23e.g. I have been in the new sc現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) for一段時(shí)間（two weeks/six months/five

14、days）for短語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作延續(xù)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間 。 He has taught in this school for four years. （我們認(rèn)識(shí)有二十年了。） I havent seen her for a long time. （我好久沒(méi)有見(jiàn)到她了。）24現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) for一段時(shí)間24since: (自以來(lái))1)since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)Hehasstayedheresince5oclock.2)since+ 時(shí)間段+ agoHehasstayedheresince5hoursago.3)since+ 從句ShehastaughtEnglishsincehecamehere. for: (長(zhǎng)達(dá)）f

15、or+ 時(shí)間段He has kept the book for 2 weeks.since , for 的用法:25since: (自以來(lái))since , for 的用法:2注): 對(duì)for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)提問(wèn) 必須用how long, 決不能用when.Eg. *I have lived here for 10 years.How long have you lived here?*She has stood here since 2 hour ago.How long has she stood here?26注): 對(duì)for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)提問(wèn) 必須用howFill

16、in the blanks with for or since.1. His father has been dead _ many years.2. He has been away from the army _ seven years because of a leg wound.3. He has been in Beijing _ 2003.4. He has been a member of Helpers Club _ 2004.5. He has had a house _ 2005.6. He has kept the car _ one year.forforsincesi

17、ncesincefor27Fill in the blanks with for or現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)瞬間動(dòng)詞與持續(xù)動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換：在完成時(shí)中，如要與表示持續(xù)一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，通常用意思相當(dāng)?shù)某掷m(xù)性動(dòng)詞來(lái)替換。He has been in the army for three years. ( join-be in )他參軍已有3年了。不用has joined she has been dead for 10 years. ( die - be dead )她已經(jīng)去世十年了。不用has died考點(diǎn)！28現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)瞬間動(dòng)詞與持續(xù)動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換：考點(diǎn)！28現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1.持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞:表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作可以持續(xù)一段時(shí)

18、間或更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。常見(jiàn)的study,play,do,read,learn,speak,talk,sit,stand,keep等。2.瞬間性動(dòng)詞:表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在一瞬間，非常短暫。亦稱(chēng)終止性動(dòng)詞。begin,start,finish,go,come,leave,find,getup,arrive,reach,getto,enter,hear,stop,open,close,become,buy,borrow,lend,happen,join,lose,renew,die,等29現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1.持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞:表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作可以持續(xù)一段時(shí)間或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)He has fallen asleep for an

19、hour.他睡了一小時(shí)了。（）He has been asleep for an hour. （fall asleep,“入睡”為短暫動(dòng)作，但be asleep“睡著”則為狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞，可延續(xù)。）30現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)He has fallen asleep for在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中，一次性動(dòng)詞不能和一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用例：He has bought the book for 3 years. 因buy這個(gè)一次性動(dòng)詞不能和一段時(shí)間for 3 years連用 buy have have hadHe has had the book for 3 years.(錯(cuò)）31在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中，一次性動(dòng)詞不能和一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用例

20、：He hsince 8:00The woman left home at 8:00.for 2 hours8:00present10:00past短暫性動(dòng)詞 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 leave be away fromShe has been away from home since 8:00.= She has been away from home for 2 hours.32since 8:00The woman left home He bought a computer in 2007.for two years2007present2009pastsince 2007He has had a

21、 computer since 2007.= He has had a computer for two years. 短暫性動(dòng)詞 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 buy have33He bought a computer in 2007.f borrow keep lose be lost break be broken open be open closebe closed stop be over begin/start be on finish/end be over get up be up get married be marriedcome/arrive/get to/reach /go be h

22、ere/in/at 下一頁(yè)還有其它的歸納如下：34 borrow keep loscome - leave -get to know -die -buy-borrow -marry -catch a cold -join -fall ill -bebe away (from)knowbe deadhavekeep be marriedhave a coldbe a member of / be inbe ill35come - be351. His father _ (die) in 1992. His father _ for many years.2. He _ (leave) the a

23、rmy because of a leg wound in 2002. He _ the army for nine years because of a leg wound.3. He _ (come) to Beijing in 2003. He _ Beijing since 2003.diedhas been deadlefthas been away fromcamehas been in361. His father _ (die) i4 He _ (join) Helpers Club in 2004. He _ a member of Helpers Club since 20

24、04.5. He _ (buy) a house in 2005. He _ a house since 2005.6. He _ (borrow) the car in 2009. He _ the car for two year.joinedhas been boughthas hadborrowedhas kept374 He _ (join) Helpers 但在否定句中，短暫性動(dòng)詞可以與時(shí)間段連用。如：I havent bought the bike for a year. 我買(mǎi)這輛自行車(chē)還不到一年。She hasnt come here for an hour. 她來(lái)這兒還沒(méi)有一

25、個(gè)小時(shí)。上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)主菜單38 但在否定句中，短暫性動(dòng)詞可以與時(shí)間段連用。上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)主現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have been to、have gone to、have been in三者區(qū)別have been to 曾去過(guò).（已經(jīng)回來(lái)）have gone to 已經(jīng)去了.（還沒(méi)回來(lái)）have been in 在.待了多久( +一段時(shí)間 )考點(diǎn)！39現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have been to、have gone tohave been 與have gone 的用法比較 1.have been to 意思是“到過(guò)，去過(guò)”表示曾經(jīng)到過(guò)某處，但現(xiàn)在人不在那兒。 Eg.Has she ever been to Nanj

26、ing?2.have gone to 意思是“去了”，表示已經(jīng)去了某地，現(xiàn)在人可能在去的途中或已在那兒了。Eg.You have been in Beijing for 2 years.3.have been in 意思是“呆在某處一段時(shí)間了 Eg.She has gone to Nanjing. 40have been 與have gone 的用法比較 1.h與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法比較一.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)都是說(shuō)過(guò)去的事情，但現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)注意的不是事情本身，而是強(qiáng)調(diào)事情與現(xiàn)在保持的某種密切聯(lián)系（如現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果，影響,一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在等）;而一般過(guò)去時(shí)，則只講述發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作和事情與現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有關(guān)系。

27、 上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)主菜單41與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法比較一.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)都是說(shuō)過(guò)去eg：He has bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他已經(jīng)買(mǎi)了一本英漢字典。 He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他曾買(mǎi)過(guò)一本英漢字典。上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè) 第一句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)，想表達(dá)意為：“He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. And he still has it” “過(guò)去他買(mǎi)了一本英漢字典，現(xiàn)在他還有這本字典” 。第二句用過(guò)去時(shí)只敘述過(guò)去他買(mǎi)過(guò)一本英漢字典這一事實(shí)，至于現(xiàn)在他是否有這本字典并未強(qiáng) 調(diào)說(shuō)明。主菜單42eg：He has bought an English-Ch二當(dāng)有一個(gè)表示過(guò)去某一特定時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，不用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，而用一般過(guò)去時(shí): 上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)eg: I saw the film on television yesterday . 但since(自以來(lái))+某一過(guò)去時(shí)間或敘述過(guò)去事情的從句總是與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。eg： They have known