考研英語閱讀unit-1

1、.Unit 13Wisdom in the mind is better than money in the hand.腦中有知識,勝過手中有金錢。學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容題材詞 數(shù)建議時間得分統(tǒng)計(jì)做題備忘Part AText 1文化教育410/10Text 2商業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)385/10Text 3科普知識494/10Text 4社會生活428/10Part B文化教育519/10Part C科普知識377/10Part ADirections：Read the following texts. Answer the questions blow each text by choosing A,B,C or D.T

2、ext 1What is sports violence? The distinction between unacceptable viciousness and a games normal rough-and-tumble is impossible to make, so the argument runs. This position may appeal to our inclination for legalism, but the truth is most of us know quite well when an act of needless savagery has b

3、een committed, and sports are little different from countless other activities of life. The distinction is as apparent as that between a deliberately aimed blow and the arm failing of the losing his balance. When a player balls his hand into a fist, when he drives his helmet into an unsuspecting opp

4、onent in short, when he crosses the boundary between playing hard and playing to hurthe can only intend an act of violence.Admittedly, rough acts in sports are difficult to police. But here, too, we find reflected the conditions of everyday life. Ambiguities in the law, confusion at the scene, and t

5、he reluctance of witnesses cloud almost any routine assault case. Such uncertainties, however, have not prevented society from arresting people who strike their fellow citizens on the street. Perhaps our troubles stem not from the games we play but rather from how we play them. The 1979 meeting betw

6、een hockey stars from the Soviet Union and the National Hockey League provided a direct test of two approaches to sportthe emphasis on skill, grace, and technique by the Russians and the stress on brutality and violence by the NHL. In a startling upset, the Russians embarrassed their rough-playing o

7、pponents and exploded a long-standing myth: that success in certain sports requires excessive violence.Violence apologists cite two additional arguments. First, they say, sports always have been rough; today things are no different. But arguments in Americans Old West were settled on Main Street wit

8、h six guns, and early cave dwellers chose their women with a club. Civilizing influences ended those practices; yet we are told sports violence should be tolerated. The second contention is that athletes accept risk as part of the game, and, in the case of professionals, are paid handsomely to do so

9、. But can anyone seriously argue that being an athlete should require the acceptance of unnecessary physical abuse? And, exaggerated as it may seem, the pay of professional athletes presumably reflects their abilities, not a payment againstcombat injuries.Clearly we are in deep trouble,says perplexe

10、d former football player AL DeRogatis. But how and why has it gotten so bad? 1. According to the author,deliberate violence in sports is A impossible to tell from paying hard.B ambiguous in any circumstances.C too apparent to escape observation.D evident if enough attention is paid to.2. A violence

11、apologist probably thinks thatA violence in sports is a rare occurrence.B violence in sports is not necessary.C athletes are paid enough for their injuries.D professional athletes enjoy violence.3. In the last paragraph the author indicates thatA nothing can be done about violence in sports.B footba

12、ll players are concerned about violence in sports.C violence in sports is worse now than it ever was. D athletes are confused about what should be allowed in sports.4. According to the author,which of the following is true？A athletes personalities have effects on the inclination for violent.B athlet

13、es who emphasis on skill,grace and technique will win.C athletes should not have to accept unnecessary physical abuseD athletes need higher salaries to compensate for their injuries.5. We can infer from the text thatA violence in sports is illegal.B skillis more important than aggression.C athletes

14、should not be injured in sports.D violence in sports is not necessary.Text2Bruno Lundby, 39, was one of the ranks of typically low-paid, low-status workers who fill supermarket shelves, serve fast food, change hotel beds or empty office waste bins, often at unsocial hours and with little expectation

15、 of anything better. Lacking formal qualifications, he drifted from the army into odd cleaning jobs. Then, unexpectedly, he found the opportunity for advancement in a management training program offered by ISS, the Danish support services group. Today he sits in a spotless, air-conditioned office su

16、pervising all ISS damage control operations in the greater Copenhagen area.I couldnt have imagined getting to where I am today when I started,he says.I was surprised to be offered a future at ISS in 1993 when I became a supervisor. In the past three years, he has been promoted three times. ISS, whic

17、h employs 272,000 people in 36 countries in Europe, Asia and Latin America in cleaning and other contract work, still appears to be an exception in the services sector in offering career progression to workers. The pursuit of customer satisfaction is a strong feature of companies that treat blue-col

18、lar staff as more than a commodity. Tesco, the supermarket group that is the UKs largest private sector employer with 210,000 employees, recently formalized a practice of nurturing management potential among shelf-stackers and check-out staff.The ones who respect customers are the ones who get on,sa

19、ys Clare Chapman, human resources director. In the past five months, 245 employees have been promoted from general store assistant to section manager, 149 from section manager to senior store team and 33 from senior team to store manager. These staff are coached, assessed and then trained for their

20、new responsibilities. The talent-spotting program applies to all staff, including 45,700 in Tescos overseas stores. ISS acknowledges that by offering career progression it has changed the nature of its contract with blue-collar employees, raising expectations on both sides that may not always be met

21、.For Mr. Lundby, career progress has induced loyalty to his employer and greater self-esteem.Personal skills are often more important than high educational qualifications if you have to deal with people every day, he says. Im a practical, not an academic person. I know the business from the bottom.

22、I know the loopholes and the hardships.6. It can be infered from paragraph 1 that Mr. LundbyA has anticipated his condition would be improved.B works hard but still has no chance to get improved.C has been promoted for he has formal qualifications.D had some of the toughest, dirtiest jobs before.7.

23、Which of the following is true about the service sector?A Blue-collar workers in it have little chance to be promoted.BCompanies in it always pursue customer satisfaction.C Companies in it always treat blue-collar staff as a commodity. D Workers in it have more chance to be promoted than in others8.

24、 In Tesco, employees will have chance to be promoted ifA they are loyal to their employer.B they join management training program.C they make their customers satisfied.D they work as hard as theyre expected.9. By offering career progression to blue-collars,companiesA will have more managers.B will b

25、e more competitive.C will have high expectations.D will have less responsibility.10. Which of the following is the best title of this passage?A The Story of Bruno Lundby.B Management Training Program.C Career Progression Inducing Self-esteem.D From Dead-end Job to Bright Career.Text3The Internet,e-c

26、ommerce and globalization are making a new economic era possible.By the middle of the 21st century,capitalist markets will largely be replaced by a new kind of economic system based on networked relationships,contractual arrangements and access rights.Has the quality of our lives at work, at home an

27、d in our communities increased in direct proportion to all the new Internet and business-to-business Intranet services being introduced into our lives? I have asked this question of hundreds of CEOs and corporate executives in Europe and the United States.Surprisingly,virtually everyone has said,No,

28、 quite the contrary. The very people responsible for ushering in what some have called atechnological renaissancesay they are working longer hours,feel more stressed, are more impatient,and are even less civil in their dealings with colleagues and friends not to mention strangers.And whats more reve

29、aling,they place much of the blame on the very same technologies they are so aggressively championing.The techno guruspromised us that access would make life more convenient and give us more time.Instead,the very technological wonders that were supposed to liberate us have begun to enslave us in a w

30、eb of connections from which there seems to be no easy escape.If an earlier generation was preoccupied with the quest to enclose a vast geographic frontier,the dotcom generation,it seems,is more caught up in the colonization of time.Every spare moment of our time is being filled with some form of co

31、mmercial connection, making time itself the most scarce of all resources.Our e-mail,voice mail and cell phones,our 24-hour electronic trading markets,online banking services,all-night e-commerce,and 24-hour Internet news and entertainment all hollerfor our attention.And while we have created every k

32、ind of labor-and-time-saving device to service our needs,we are beginning to feel like we have less time available to us than any other humans in history.That is because the great proliferation of labor-and-time-saving services only increases the diversity,pace and flow of commodified activity aroun

33、d us.For example,e-mail is a great convenience.However, we now find ourselves spending much of our day frantically responding to each others electronic messages.The cell phone is a great time-saver.Except now we are always potentially in reach of someone else who wants our attention.Social conservat

34、ives talk about the decline in civility and blame it on the loss of a moral compass and religious values. Has anyone bothered to ask whether the hyper-speed culture is making all of us less patient and less willing to listen and defer, consider and reflect?Maybe we need to ask what kinds of connecti

35、ons really count and what types of access really matter in the e-economy era.If this new technology revolution is only about hyper efficiency,then we risk losing something even more precious than time our sense of what it means to be a caring human being.The author suggests that the most valuable re

36、source in todays society isA technology. B economic assets. C access to information. D time.According to the text,many corporate executives feel thatA technological advances are essential to todays economic system.B technology has actually led to a decline in their quality of life.C longer hours are

37、 making their workers more impatient and uncivil.D technology can be blamed for many of todays social problems.The phrase the colonization of time refers to A the filling of every moment of our time.B the quest for efficiency in the workplace.C the growing use of time-saving services.D the impact of

38、 technology on our sense of time.In the sixth paragraph, the author suggests that A new technologies may make people more impatient.B social conservatives do not understand the importance of technology.C the speed of modern culture may impact our moral and religious values.D people in the technology

39、 sector are less civil than those in other fields.The best title for this text could beA The Failure of the Technological Renaissance.B Even Corporate Executives Get the Blues.C The New Internet Economy.D The Disadvantages of Too Much Access.Text4The Net success ofLazy Sunday represents a defining m

40、oment for the film and televisionbusiness. Advances in digital video and broadband have vastly lowered the cost of productionand distribution.Filmmakers are now following the path blazed by bloggers and musicians,cheaply creating and uploading their work to the Web. If it appeals to any of the Nets

41、niches,millions of users will pass along their films through e-mail, downloads or links.Its the dawnof the democratization of the TV and film businesseven unknown personalities are beingpropelled by the enthusiasm of their fans into pop-culture prominence, sometimes without eventraditional intermedi

42、aries like talent agents or film festivals. This is like bypass surgery, says Dan Harmon, a filmmaker whose monthly L.A.basedfilm club and Web site, Channel 101, lets members submit short videos, such as the recent70s music mockumentary Yacht Rock, and vote on which they like best. Finally we have a

43、new golden age where the artist has a direct connection to the audience.The directors behind Lazy Sunday embody the phenomenon.When the shaggy-hairedSamberg, 27, graduated from NYUFilmSchool in 2001, he faced the conventional challengeof crashing the gates of Hollywood. With his two childhood friend

44、s Akiva Schaffer and JormaThe material got the attention of producers at the old ABC sitcom SpinCity, whereSambergand Taccone worked as low-level assistants; the producers sent a compilation to atalent agency.The friends got an agent, made a couple of pilot TV sketch shows for ComedyCentral and Fox,

45、 featuring themselves hamming it up in nearly all the roles, and wrote jokesfor the MTV Movie Awards.Even when the networks passed on their pilots, Samberg and hisfriends simply posted the episodes online and their fan baseat 40,000 unique visitors a monthearlier this yeargrew larger. Last August, S

46、ambergjoined theSNL cast, and Schaffer and Taccone became writers.Now they share an office in RockefellerShort, funny videos like Lazy Sunday happen to translate online, but not everythingworks as well.Bite-size films are more practical than longer ones; comedy plays better thandrama.But almost ever

47、ything is worth trying, since the tools to create and post video are nowso cheap, and adhoc audiences can form around any sensibility, however eccentric.16. The sentence Its dawn of the democratization of shows that A film and television business is enjoying an unprecedented successB the general pub

48、lic are playing an active role in pop-cultureC filmmakers are showing great enthusiasm for success on the WebD e-mail, downloads or links are now the main means of film distribution17. Which of the following is true according to the text?A Lazy Sunday is the representative of realizing dream by the

49、Net.B Artists should develop a direct relationshipwith the public.C Short videos on the Web would prove to be the most popular productionsD The film and television business can be compared to a bypass surgery18.Sambergs solution was unconventional becauseA newcomers were usually denied access to Hol

50、lywoodB he and his two childhood friends got accepted into HollywoodC he recorded music parodies and comic videos all by himselfD he and his friends created and uploaded their productions to their Web site19. Which of the following plays a key role in the Net success of Lazy Sunday?A Producers at th

51、e old ABC sitcom SpinCityB Conventions of Hollywood.C Comic nature of the video.D Eccentricity of audiences online.20. The text intends to tell us A the unexpected success of Samberg.B a new direction for TV and film business.C the reasons behind Sambeigs success.D a new phenomenon in pop-culture.Pa

52、rt B Directions: In the article, following sentences have been removed. For Questions 21-25, choose the most suitable one from the list AG to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps.Many of the philosophers we have been reading in class s

53、eem to me to be hopelessly datedOf course, its easy to become trapped in writing only for the period a person lives in, and a philosophy is necessarily dependent on the historical situation and the extent of mans knowledge. 21.However, Victor Hugo said that if he were writing for his own time only,

54、he would have to break his pen and throw it away. 22.And it seems to me that the most frequent objections to modern and premodern philosophers come from the incompatibility of their philosophies with what is considered to be established scientific fact. For instance, Platos theory of forms does not,

55、 to me, seem to jibe with modern physics and cosmology. And although I can only vaguely glimpse, the psychology which underlies Kant, it seems to be highly questionable.23.After all, physics can give us insights into metaphysics, since both seek different ways to do the same thing； psychology, socio

56、logy, anthropology, and archeology can give us insights into epistemology； various soft sciences dealing with comparative cultures can provide food for thought in ethics, and so on. 24. Sartre, although he developed some of his ideas from Nietzsche and Kierkegaard, probably could not have expounded

57、those same ideas of existentialism in their times; Nietzsche, who popularized the idea that God is dead, could not have written in the time of Descartes;and Descartes could not have expressed his radically individualist ideas during the time of Plato. I suppose that my point, which I am being exceed

58、ingly long-winded about, is that philosophy does not stand apart from the rest of the sciences. 25.Although the other sciences can provide us with data, observations, and theories, only philosophy can integrate those into a coherent whole, tell us what to do with them, or provide a meaningful contex

59、t for using these facts in our daily lives.A In my view, application of Kants epistemology and metaphysics could never produce an artificial intelligence capable of passing a Turing test.B Rather, Philosophy should be integrated with the rest of the sciences through a method of rational judgment. Ra

60、ther than sailing behind, or next to but away from, the rest of the sciences, philosophy should be the flagship of the group. C And many of the philosophers who have existed over the course of the centuries have necessarily had to worry about governmental, church, or societal disapproval, censorship