作后置定語短語與非謂語動(dòng)詞歸類

1、作后置定語的短語及非謂語動(dòng)詞的歸類一、作后置定語的短語源自于原定語從句。A、形容詞短語Aproblem(which/thatis)difficulttosolve.Hardtoworkout.Easytohandle.Anactor(who/thatis)famousforhisfineacting.AsMaster.Tousall.Arichman(who/thatis)content/satisfied/pleasedwithwhathehas.Aking(who/thatis)proudofhissuccess.=(takingprideinhissuccess.)Thestudent(

2、who/thatis)anxioustokeepupwithothers.Aschool(which/thatis)farawayfromhere.Thehouse(which/thatis)differentfromours.Theword(which/thatis)commontomostlanguages.Something(thatis)wrongwiththewatch.(=thematter/thetroublewiththewatch.)Theteacher(who/thatis)responsiblefortheclass.(=inchargeoftheclass.)Abask

3、et(which/thatis)fullofeggs.(=filledwitheggs.)Aboy(who/thatis)eagertogo.(=anxioustogo.)Aman(who/thatis)readytodieforjustice.Aman(who/thatis)afraidofmakingenemies.(=afraidtomakeenemies.)Books(which/thatare)easytodigest.Astate(which/thatis)similartomine.Anopinion(which/thatis)contrarytoours.Aman(who/th

4、atis)oftenforgetfulhispromise.Customs(which/thatis)peculiartoJapanese.Acondition(which/thatis)unfavourabletotheenterprise.Agirl(who/thatis)ashamedofplayingsobadly.Acity(which/thatis)well-knownforitshotspring.介詞短語aman(who/thatis)ofhonour.(=anhonouredman.=anhonorableman)amountain(which/thatis)ofgreath

5、eight(=averyhighmountain)amatter(which/thatis)ofnoimportance(=anunimportantmatter)achild(who/thatis)withouthome(=ahomelesschild)theman(who/thatis)atthedoor.Thebook(which/thatis)onthedesk.Theshop(which/thatis)oppositethepostoffice.Aman(who/thatis)withcurlyhair.Aspecialistinchestdisease.Anxietyaboutyo

6、ursafety.SatisfactionwithyourworkInterestinyourstudyIdeasbehindthetimesThemaninchargeNothoughtaboutgettingmarriedNotroubleaboutsmokingAlectureaboutsmokingHisdreamaboutbecomingrichAproposalaboutbuildingabridgeThenewsathomeandabroadConcernathearingthenewsDisappointatnothavingreceivedaninvitationPridea

7、tmeetingTomagainExcitementathearingthewordThereasonfordoingitMedicineforcuringfools名詞詞組和副詞詞組等adesk(which/thatis)twometresinwidetheplace(which/thatistothe)eastofChinachildrenasyoungassevenpeoplemorethansixtythemenoverthere后置和前置問題有些形容詞作定語時(shí)必定后置whatelse/moredoyouwanttosay=Isthereanythingelse/moreyouwant

8、tosayNothingelse/more.Anywherequiet.有些形容詞作定語時(shí)可后置也可前置Ihaveenoughmoneytobuythecar.=Ihavemoneyenoughtobuythecar.Ihavejustcomefromthenearbyvillage.=Ihavejustcomefromthevillagenearby.Doyouseetheoppositehouse=Doyouseethehouseopposite而副詞作定語只能后置thestatementbelowpeopleinsidethebridgethereourlifeabroadthedist

9、anceacrossadayoffinJanuarylast/nextonFridaynextonthedayfollowingintimepastthetrendnowtheworldtodayandtomorrow而有些詞前置或后置時(shí)會(huì)產(chǎn)生不同樣意義theconcerned(擔(dān)憂的)motherthepresent(現(xiàn)在的)memberstheinvolved(復(fù)雜的)issuestheresponsible(可靠的)manthemotherconcerned(有關(guān)提到的)thememberspresent(在場的)theissuesinvolved(波及的)themanresponsib

10、le(負(fù)責(zé)的)作后置定語源自于主謂（即實(shí)意動(dòng)詞）或主謂賓的定語從句可以縮短成以下五種非謂語動(dòng)詞形式。五種形式：todo/tobedonedoingdone/beingdoneA、do和tobedone作為不定式一般都表示還沒有發(fā)生之事。Westillhavealongwaytogo.=Westillhavealongwaywhich/thatwemustgo=Westillhavealongway(forus)togo.Hehadalotofwordstosaytohim.=Hehadalotofwordswhich/thathewouldsaytohim.=Hehadalotofwords(

11、forhim)tosaytohim.=Hehadalotofwordswhich/thatwouldbesaidtohim.=Hehadalotofwordstobesaidtohim.2.但有例外。若是先行詞為序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高等，定語從句中的動(dòng)作已發(fā)生，縮為非謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)仍用不定式。Hewasthefirstwhobroketheworldrecord.=Hewasthefirsttobreaktheworldrecord.Shewasalwaysthefirstwhocamehereandthelastwholefthere.=Shewasalwaysthefirsttocomeherea

12、ndthelasttoleavehere.InsidethecapsulewasJohnGlenn,thefirstAmericantosailaroundtheearthinspace.Chinawasoneofthefirstcountriesintheworldtostudythescienceoffarming.In1964,KingwontheNobelPeacewasonlythirty-fouryearsold-theyoungestmantoeverreceivethishighhonour.do既可以是關(guān)系代詞作主語也可以是關(guān)系代詞作賓語的定語從句的省略形式。Heisthev

13、erymantodothework.=Heistheverymanwho(作主語)candothework.Ihavealotofthingstodo.=Ihavealotofthingsthat/which(作賓語)Imustdo.=Ihavealotofthings(forme)todo.4.當(dāng)todo是關(guān)系代詞作賓語的定語從句的省略形式此后帶有介詞時(shí)，就必定考慮關(guān)系代詞是作動(dòng)詞還是介詞的賓語。Therearesomanybooksthat/whichIcanchoosefrom.=Therearesomanybooksformetochoosefrom.Thisbookisasgooda

14、sthatonesoitishardformetochoose.Inthedarkstreettherewasnobodywhom/who/that/省略wecanaskforhelp.=Inthedarkstreettherewasnobodywhom/who/that/省略wecanturntoforhelp.do這一動(dòng)詞既可以是及物動(dòng)詞也可以是不及物動(dòng)詞。若是是不及物動(dòng)詞，后邊則要續(xù)不同樣介詞。由此可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生不同樣之意義。Ihavenothingtowrite.=IhavenothingthatIcanwrite.(及物動(dòng)詞)我無東西(素材)可寫。Ihavenothingtowritei

15、n.=IhavenothingthatIcanwritein.(不及物動(dòng)詞)我沒有墨水可寫。Ihavenothingtowritewith.=IhavenothingthatIcanwritewith.(不及物動(dòng)詞)我沒筆可寫。Ihavenothingtowriteon.=IhavenothingthatIcanwriteon.(不及物動(dòng)詞)我沒有信紙可寫。bedone是關(guān)系代詞作主語并為將來時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)即動(dòng)作還沒有發(fā)生時(shí)而變?yōu)楹唵尉涞姆侵^語動(dòng)詞形式。Isthisthewatchwhichwillberepairedtomorrow=Isthisthewatchtoberepairedtomor

16、rowThemachinewhichwillbeshippedoutismadeinChina.=ThemachinetobeshippedoutismadeinChina.Heisthemanwhowillbepraisedatthemeetingtomorrow.=Heisthemantobepraisedatthemeetingtomorrow.B、doing是關(guān)系代詞作主語并為進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去時(shí)或現(xiàn)在時(shí)主動(dòng)語態(tài)，即動(dòng)作已發(fā)生而變?yōu)楹唵尉涞姆侵^語動(dòng)詞形式。Theplantwillbeabletogrowinsoilwhichcontainssaltwater.=Theplantwillbea

17、bletogrowinsoilcontainingsaltwater.Thefinancialproblemsforcedhertosellameatnumberoflettersandmanusvriptswhichbelongtoherfamousfather.Thefinancialproblemsforcedhertosellagreatnumberoflettersandmanusvriptsbelongingtoherfamousfather.Doyouknowthemanwhonoddedtomejustnow=DoyouknowthemannoddingtomejustnowW

18、hoisthemanthatisstandingbesideJack=WhoisthemanstandingbesideJackC、done是用于關(guān)系代詞作主語，并為過去時(shí)現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，即動(dòng)作已發(fā)生而變?yōu)楹唵尉涞姆侵^語動(dòng)詞。Beingdone則是用于關(guān)系代詞作主語，并為進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，即動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行而變?yōu)楹唵尉涞姆侵^語動(dòng)詞。Thisisthedictionarywhichwasboughtyesterdayinthelibrary.=Thisisthedictionaryboughtyesterdayinthelibrary.Ishethestudentwhowaspraisedatthemeeting=IshethestudentpraisedatthemeetingThehospitalwhichisbeingbuilthereisforthelocalpeople.=Thehospitalbeingbuilt