高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)講義

1、 高考-被動(dòng)語態(tài)講義構(gòu)成助動(dòng)詞be+過去分詞done時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)am/is/are+done一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)was/were+done一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)will be+done;am/is/are going to be+done過去將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)Would be + done;Was/were going to be +done現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)Am/is/are being +done過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)was/were being + done現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)have/have been + done過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)had been + done含有情態(tài)

2、動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+done使用不知道或沒必要指明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)（不帶by短語） A meeting _ (hold) in the office at 7:00 tomorrow evening.動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者被較長的修飾語修飾時(shí)（出于行文需要） The window _ (break) by the boy who lives next door.強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí) The injured _ (take) to hospital不能使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的幾種情況不及物動(dòng)詞（短語）不用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)，如happen, occur, fail, remain,spread, take pl

3、ace, break out, come true等。 The disease _ (spread) easily.表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞（短語）不用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)，如benefit, fit, lack, contain, join, last, arrive at/in,agree with, look like, consist of, suffer from, succeed in等。 This drink doesnt contain any alcohol.表示歸屬的動(dòng)詞（短語）不用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)，如have, own, belong to等 The red pen _ (belong) to m

4、e.賓語是反身代詞或相互代詞時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)語態(tài)，不用被動(dòng)語態(tài) We often _ (help) each other.其他表示被動(dòng)含義的結(jié)構(gòu)某些由及物動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化來的不及物動(dòng)詞常和副詞well, easily, smoothly連用，用主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表示被動(dòng)含義。如read, write, clean, wash, sell, act 等。 This sweater _ (sell) well.“系動(dòng)詞+形容詞”結(jié)構(gòu)表示被動(dòng)含義 某些系動(dòng)詞，如feel, prove, smell, taste, sound等加上形容詞，用主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示被動(dòng)含義。 His explanation _ (sound)

5、reasonable to me.“動(dòng)詞need.+doing”結(jié)構(gòu)表被動(dòng) 動(dòng)詞need, require, want, deserve, be worth后接v-ing，主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表示被動(dòng)含義 The idea is well worth _ (consider).非謂語動(dòng)詞（短語）表示被動(dòng)含義 有些非謂語動(dòng)詞可以主動(dòng)形式出現(xiàn)，表示被動(dòng)含義。如be to blame等 Which driver was to blame for the accident?介詞短語表示被動(dòng)含義 某些介詞短語也可以表示被動(dòng)含義。如 under discussion, under consideration, on

6、sale等。 The problem is still under discussion.被動(dòng)形式表主動(dòng)含義某些“動(dòng)詞+反身代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)在變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)表示主動(dòng)意義。如devote, seat, dress, amuse, lose, prepare, concern等 She devoted herself to her career. = She was devoted to her career.某些動(dòng)詞的過去分詞如gone, fallen, retired等表示主動(dòng)含義 Winter is gone and spring is coming.主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)中，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)

7、語態(tài)時(shí)分為兩種情況：轉(zhuǎn)化為to型的結(jié)構(gòu)和轉(zhuǎn)化為for型的結(jié)構(gòu)Give, send, take等常帶有兩個(gè)賓語，主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，可以將其中任何一個(gè)賓語改為主語，另一個(gè)保留不動(dòng)。若將直接賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的主語，則原來的間接賓語前通常加to。 Jack sent Mary a postcard. (變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)) Mary _ (send) a postcard by Jack. A postcard _ (send) to Mary by Jack.Buy, make, find 等常帶有兩個(gè)賓語，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，通常將直接賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)中的主語，原來的間接賓語前通常加for。間接賓語不可

8、作主語。 He bought me a new coat. (變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)) A new coat _ (buy) for me by him.“主語+謂語+賓語+賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)變被動(dòng)句時(shí)，主動(dòng)句中的賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，賓語補(bǔ)足語變?yōu)橹髡Z補(bǔ)足語。 His mother allows him to watch TV in the evening. He _ (allow) to watch TV by his mother in the evening.省略to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句時(shí)要加上to，如make, let, hear, watch, see, feel, notice, help, observe等。 The made me repeat