新視野大學(xué)英語第三冊第六單元課文市公開課金獎(jiǎng)市賽課一等獎(jiǎng)?wù)n件

1、Unit 6How to prepare for earthquakes第1頁 Ideally, people would like to know when an earthquake is going to happen and how bad it will be. In both Japan and China, people have long believed that earthquakes can be forecast. In Japan, scientists have wired the Earth and sea to detect movements. The Chi

2、nese have traditionally watched animals and plants for warning signs of earthquakes. For example, the Chinese have noted that before an earthquake, hens behavior changesthey refuse to enter their cages at night. They have also noticed that snakes come out of the ground to freeze to death and that do

3、gs bark a lot, evenParagraph 1normally quiet dogs.第2頁 Before the Hanshin earthquake in Japan, there were reports of large schools of fish swimming near the surface of the water. Certain birds, like pigeons, also seemed to be especially noisy and were reported to be flying in unusual patterns before

4、the earthquake. Perhaps most interesting, and most easily measured, is a chemical change in ground water before a quake. Experimental data seem to indicate that the amount of radon (Rn) in the water under the surface of the Earth waxes before an earthquake.譯文句型第3頁P(yáng)aragraph 2 People would also like t

5、o be able to prevent the great destruction of property caused by earthquakes. After all, most of the people who die in earthquakes are killed by falling buildings. Therefore, building structures that can withstand the power of earthquakes is a major concern. Steel seems to be the best material, but

6、not if it is welded to form a rigid structure. Many new structures are built with a new type of steel joint, an I-joint, which appears to be the most durable type of joint. 譯文句型第4頁 These joints of steel can move without breaking. Also, to prevent property damage, architects now design buildings so t

7、hat the buildings columns and horizontal beams are of equal strength, and vertical support columns are inserted deep into solid soil. In addition, many new houses have relatively light roofs and strong walls. Concrete pillars for highway bridges that previously only had steel rods inside are now enc

8、losed in steel.譯文第5頁P(yáng)aragraph 3 Besides working to improve building structures, people in areas where earthquakes are common need to prepare for the possibility of a great earthquake. They should regularly check and reinforce their homes, place heavy objects in low positions, attach cupboards and ca

9、binets to walls, and fasten doors so that they will not open accidentally during an earthquake .譯文句型第6頁 In addition to preparing their houses, people in these regions need to prepare themselves. They should have supplies of water and food at home and at work. It is best to store several gallons of w

10、ater per person. It is also important to have something that can clean water and kill bacteria, so water from other sources can be made safe to drink. Store one weeks food for each person. Earth-quake survival supplies include a radio receiver, a torch, extra batteries, first aid supplies, a spade,

11、a tent, some rope, and warm clothing. Experts also suggest the following:譯文Paragraph 4第7頁 Keep a fire extinguisher handy. You should have one at home, at work, and in your car (if you have one). The fire extinguisher should be able to put out any type of fire. Have the proper tools to turn off gas a

12、nd water lines if necessary. Arrange an auxiliary cooking and heating source that can be used outside. One alternative is a portable camp stove with small cans of gas. Keep a pair of heavy, comfortable shoes or boots in your home, at work, and in your vehicle. If there is an earthquake, there will b

13、e lots of fragments of broken glass. Light shoes will not protect your feet as well as heavy shoes will.譯文Paragraph 5第8頁 Every family needs to have earthquake emergency plans. How will family members leave the area during the chaos following an earthquake? Everyone should agree on a meeting point ou

14、tside of the areaperhaps in a town several miles away. Also important is an arrangement for family members to communicate if there is an earthquake. If an earthquake happens in a large city, many of the telephone lines within the city are likely to be down. 譯文Paragraph 6第9頁 The few remaining working

15、 lines will be busy with the calls that naturally occur after a disaster and it will be difficult to call from one part of the city to another. It might, however, be possible to call outside the city. A sensible arrangement is to have all of the members of the family call to check in with a friend o

16、r relative who lives more than a hundred miles away.譯文第10頁 Although scientists still cannot predict earthquakes, they are learning a great deal about how the large plates in the Earths crust move, the stresses between plates, how earthquakes work, and the general probability that a given place will

17、have an earthquake. Someday soon it may actually become possible to predict earthquakes with accuracy. However, even if prediction becomes possible, people who live in areas where earthquakes are a common occurrence will still have to do their best to prevent disasters by building structures that ar

18、e resistant to ground movement and by being personally prepared. 譯文Paragraph 7難句解析第11頁 These precautions can make a great difference in saving lives and preventing the loss of homes. Education concerning how to survive an earthquake should be a major emphasis for all government programs and earthqua

19、ke-related research projects.譯文第12頁第一段 從理想上說，人們希望知道地震什么時(shí)候發(fā)生，破壞程度會(huì)怎樣。在日本和中國，人們長久以來一直相信地震是能夠預(yù)測。在日本，科學(xué)家在陸地上和海洋中鋪設(shè)電線，以監(jiān)測它們運(yùn)動(dòng)。而中國人傳統(tǒng)做法是觀察動(dòng)植物以獲取地震警示信號。比如，中國人注意到，地震之前母雞行為會(huì)有所異常：它們夜晚不愿進(jìn)籠。他們還注意到，蛇會(huì)爬出地穴而凍死，狗會(huì)狂吠不已，甚至那些日常很平靜狗也會(huì)叫個(gè)不停。日本阪神地震發(fā)生之前，有匯報(bào)說大批魚群游到了水面。有些鳥，如鴿子，也顯得尤其聒噪，聽說地震前它們飛行方式也與往常不一樣?？赡茏钣腥ぁ⒁沧钶p易測量，是地震前地下水發(fā)

20、生化學(xué)改變。試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)似乎表明，地震前地下水中氡含量會(huì)增高。返回第13頁第二段 人們還希望能夠預(yù)防地震會(huì)造成重大財(cái)產(chǎn)損失。要知道，多數(shù)在地震中喪生人都是被坍毀建筑物砸死。所以，含有抗震能力房屋結(jié)構(gòu)是關(guān)注重點(diǎn)。鋼似乎是最正確建材，但一旦被焊接成僵硬結(jié)構(gòu)就不行了。許多新式結(jié)構(gòu)都采取了一個(gè)新型鋼接合方法，即I形接合，它看來是最耐用一個(gè)接合。這種鋼接合在移動(dòng)時(shí)不會(huì)斷裂。一樣，為了預(yù)防財(cái)產(chǎn)損失，建筑師如今設(shè)計(jì)樓房時(shí)會(huì)使房屋支柱和橫梁力度相等，而垂直支柱則深深插入堅(jiān)實(shí)地基中。另外，許多新型房屋都采取了較輕屋頂和堅(jiān)實(shí)墻壁。高架橋水泥柱先前只是在內(nèi)部有鋼筋，如今外面也包上了鋼板。返回第14頁第三段 除了設(shè)法改進(jìn)

21、建筑結(jié)構(gòu)外，地震頻發(fā)區(qū)人們也需要為可能發(fā)生大地震做好防范工作。他們應(yīng)該定時(shí)檢驗(yàn)和加固房屋，將重物放在低處，將櫥柜和柜子貼墻放置，加固房門以防地震時(shí)意外脫開。返回第15頁第四段 除做好房屋防震外，這些地域人們還需要為本身做些防范。他們應(yīng)該在家里和工作地貯備些水和食物。最好每人貯備幾加侖水。貯備一些能夠凈化水和毀滅病菌東西也很主要，這么就能夠安全地飲用其它起源水了。每人準(zhǔn)備一周食物。地震救生貯備還包含無線電接收器、手電、備用電池、搶救用具、鐵鍬、帳篷、繩子和保暖衣物。另外，教授們還提出了以下提議：返回第16頁第五段 手邊備有滅火器。應(yīng)該在住處、工作場所和汽車?yán)?假如你有車話)都存放一個(gè)。滅火器應(yīng)該

22、是能夠撲滅任何火災(zāi)那種。有必要話，準(zhǔn)備一些能關(guān)閉煤氣和自來水管道特制工具。準(zhǔn)備一個(gè)備用戶外烹調(diào)和取暖用具，能夠準(zhǔn)備一個(gè)便攜式露營灶和幾小罐煤氣。在住處、工作場所和汽車?yán)锓乓浑p厚重、舒適鞋或靴子。發(fā)生地震時(shí)會(huì)有大量玻璃碎片。輕便鞋子不能像厚重鞋子那樣保護(hù)好你雙腳。返回第17頁第六段 每個(gè)家庭都需要制訂地震應(yīng)急計(jì)劃。怎樣讓一家人在地震混亂中安全離開？ 大家應(yīng)該約定一個(gè)地震區(qū)外會(huì)合點(diǎn)可能是在幾英里外某個(gè)市鎮(zhèn)。一樣，協(xié)商好地震時(shí)家人聯(lián)絡(luò)方式也很主要。地震若發(fā)生在大城市，市里許多電話線路很可能中止，剩下為數(shù)不多可用線路會(huì)很忙，因?yàn)闉?zāi)難之后自然會(huì)有許多電話，要從市里一個(gè)地方打到另一個(gè)地方會(huì)很困難。但可能通

23、向市外電話是通。明智安排是，讓全部家人都給一個(gè)住在一百多英里之外朋友或親戚打個(gè)電話，以報(bào)平安。返回第18頁第七段 盡管科學(xué)家們?nèi)詿o法預(yù)測地震，但對地殼中大板塊怎樣移動(dòng)，板塊間壓力怎樣，地震怎樣發(fā)生，某地域發(fā)生地震普通概率為多少，他們了解得越來越多。在很快未來，準(zhǔn)確預(yù)測地震將成為可能。然而，即使能夠預(yù)測，居住在地震頻發(fā)區(qū)人們還是應(yīng)盡力預(yù)防災(zāi)難，方法是建造能夠抵抗地表運(yùn)動(dòng)房屋，同時(shí)做好個(gè)人準(zhǔn)備。在挽救生命和預(yù)防家庭損失方面，這些預(yù)防方法會(huì)發(fā)揮很大作用。教育人們怎樣在地震中求生，應(yīng)該是全部政府規(guī)劃和地震研究項(xiàng)目標(biāo)重點(diǎn)所在。返回第19頁watch for 尋找，等候Well be watching f

24、or any developments. 我們會(huì)親密注意事情任何進(jìn)展for example第20頁come out of We saw him come out of the room.我們看見他走出房間。Big ideas come out of big pencils.靈感來自那支大鉛筆v.由產(chǎn)生，從出來for example第21頁大批魚群 large schools of fish重大財(cái)產(chǎn)損失 the great destruction of property一群海豚 a school of dolphins雨林毀壞 the destruction of rainforests第22頁

25、 so that I want to leave now. I wont be late.I took no notice of him. He flew into a rage.用 . so that .合成以下組句:I want to leave now so that I wont be late.I took no notice of him so that he flew into a rage。第23頁be of + adj. + noun = be + adv. + adj.用 “ be of + adj. + noun. ”改寫以下句子:The book he bought y

26、esterday is very helpful It is said that yoga is very beneficial to human health.第24頁The book he bought yesterday is of much help. It is said that yoga is of great benefit to human health.tip第25頁attach to 從屬于，參加，歸于例句：1.This hospital is attached to a medical college。 這家醫(yī)院從屬于一個(gè)醫(yī)學(xué)院。2.He attached himsel

27、f to the Party 他入黨了 3.No blame attaches to him for the accident。 責(zé)任不在他身上。第26頁in addition to 除之外老板要他天天干16個(gè)鐘頭活，還打他The boss worked him 16 hours a day and beat him in addition。例句第27頁if necessary 如有必要Translation如有必要，這個(gè)討論會(huì)可在明天繼續(xù)進(jìn)行。KeyThis discussion can, if necessary, be continued tomorrow.第28頁agree on 協(xié)商

28、，與達(dá)成一致agree on: have the same opinion about agree to: accept; approveagree with: have the same opinion with sb1) Finally the committee your request.2) I cant your father; it is a foolish risk.3) The two sides the date of negotiation.agreed toagree withhave agreed on第29頁check in統(tǒng)計(jì)，登記簽到 例句:What time c

29、an I check in?我什么時(shí)候能夠登記？The reception personnel will help you check in.接待人員會(huì)幫助你們辦理入住手續(xù)。第30頁make a/no difference 對有/無影響1.海邊空氣改進(jìn)了他健康情況.The sea air has made a difference to his health.2.你是去是留對我都無所謂。It doesnt make any difference to me whether you go or stay.例句第31頁Keep handy 手邊備有看看他手邊常備東西，你就會(huì)知道他生活情趣Take

30、a look at what he often keeps handy and you will catch on to his taste for life.translation第32頁be likely to 很可能只有當(dāng)你學(xué)會(huì)在逆境中前行，你才有可能知道人生真諦。Only when you learn to forge ahead in adversity are you likely to know the true meaning of life.translation第33頁insert sth. into/ in / between 登載麥?zhǔn)?Maxwell House)在一家

31、報(bào)紙上曾登載了一則廣告：滴滴香濃，意猶未盡。The Maxwell House inserted in a newspaper an advertisement : Good to the last drop.translation第34頁1) detect (vt) 覺察，發(fā)覺；探測假如許多癌癥在早期被發(fā)覺，那么是能夠治愈。Many forms of cancers can be cured if detected early.我覺察到他態(tài)度有微妙改變I detected a slight change in his attitude.Translation第35頁detect sb. In

32、 (doing) sth. 發(fā)覺某人在做（壞事）他考試作弊時(shí)被發(fā)覺了。He was detected in the act of cheating on the exam.detectable a. 可發(fā)覺，可看穿 detective n./a. 偵探，偵探detection n. 覺察，探測；偵察CollocationAssoclation第36頁2) wax vi. 變大，增強(qiáng) 【u】a solid fatty or oily substance 蠟Her feelings for John wax and wine.她對約翰感情時(shí)好時(shí)壞。It is obvious that a coat

33、ing of wax was put on the paper.紙上涂了一層蠟。（月）盈虧圓缺喻盛衰Translation第37頁3）withstand vt. 經(jīng)受，承受，頂住an attacksevere teststhe stormhard wear (fire)hardship抵抗攻擊經(jīng)得起嚴(yán)峻考驗(yàn)頂?shù)米”╋L(fēng)雨耐穿能吃苦withstandCollocation第38頁軍隊(duì)太弱了，抵擋不了任何進(jìn)攻。The troops were too weak to withstand any attack這雙鞋子很耐穿。The pair of shoes withstands hard wear.T

34、ranslation第39頁4) enclose vt. 圍住，包住他們用籬笆圍住了院子。They enclosed their yard with a fence.茲附上200美元支票。I enclosed herein a check for Us dollars.enclosed a. 被附上enclosure n. 圍地，圍欄；隨信附件TranslationAssoclation第40頁5）extinguish vt 使熄滅，撲滅 使(希望等)破滅extinguish a fire 滅火His dream of an actor is extinguished with the fai

35、lure.他演員夢伴隨失敗而破滅。distinguish v. 區(qū)分，區(qū)分第41頁6)sensible adj 合理,明智a sensible man 明智人a sensible decision 明智決定a sensible arrangement 合理安排預(yù)防總是比治療更明智，而且花費(fèi)更少。Prevention is always more sensible and less costly than cure.CollocationTranslation第42頁Assoclationsense n./vt. 感覺，意義，見識(shí)；了解sensitive a. 敏感，靈敏，感光 Bank fil

36、lingsensible sense sensitive1.A driver has a good of locality.2.It would be to leave early,in case theres a lot of traffic.3.She is very to what people think of her.sensesensiblesensitive第43頁7)resistant a.: offering resistance 抵抗，反抗Collocationwater- heat- resistantbullet-TranslationConservative peop

37、le are usually resistant to change.保守人通常反對改變。Assoclationpersistent a. 堅(jiān)持，固執(zhí)；連續(xù)insistent a. 堅(jiān)持不懈assistant n./a. 助手，助理；助理，輔助防水防熱防彈第44頁8)precaution n.: an action done to prevent sth. from happening 預(yù)防，預(yù)防辦法Collocationtake precaution against 采取預(yù)防.辦法Translation政府采取了各種預(yù)防辦法，以預(yù)防非典深入蔓延。The government has taken all precautions to prevent further spreading of SARS. 第45頁Useful expressions留心，觀察離開，從.出來別忘了，終究，終究將.插入，嵌入將.附在/縛