參與式領(lǐng)導(dǎo)對(duì)組織助人行為的影響

1、 表格3所示，職位高和學(xué)歷高的人更能表現(xiàn)出更多的助人行為，都隱含著同樣的道理。另外數(shù)據(jù)分析還表明角色清晰度對(duì)助人行為主效應(yīng)不顯著，調(diào)節(jié)效應(yīng)也不通過(guò)工作幸福感的中介，這和一些關(guān)于角色壓力對(duì)組織公民行為的影響的研究結(jié)論有些不一致。如文獻(xiàn)綜述部分所述，以往很多研究證明角色模糊對(duì)OCB具有直接的負(fù)向影響，也有研究表明角色模糊、角色沖突與OCB的關(guān)系至少在一定程度上受到工作幸福感的中介。而當(dāng)本研究選取組織助人行為這一視角時(shí)，結(jié)果表明角色清晰度對(duì)助人行為的影響不顯著，只是一個(gè)邊界因素。5.2研究意義研究參照組織公民行為和建言行為的研究范式，從社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)的視角出發(fā)，摘取參與式領(lǐng)導(dǎo)作為自變量，引入角色清晰度作為

2、邊界變量，都是本研究的獨(dú)特之處。在組織公民行為的理論指導(dǎo)下，既驗(yàn)證了影響組織公民行為的變量也對(duì)助人行為有預(yù)測(cè)作用，即領(lǐng)導(dǎo)變量通過(guò)態(tài)度變量對(duì)組織公民行為產(chǎn)生影響的理論同樣適用助人行為；也發(fā)現(xiàn)了以往研究沒(méi)有探討過(guò)的角色清晰度可以作為參與式領(lǐng)導(dǎo)-助人，工作幸福感-助人的調(diào)節(jié)變量。研究結(jié)論對(duì)公司的管理實(shí)踐也有一定的指導(dǎo)意義。我們提倡領(lǐng)導(dǎo)層，管理層首先要對(duì)各部門(mén)，各崗位的職能有明確劃分，加強(qiáng)員工培訓(xùn)和相關(guān)考核，以保證員工對(duì)自己在組織中的角色有充分了解，對(duì)自己甚至本部門(mén)的工作內(nèi)容和工作方法熟記于心，在保證這一前提下，同時(shí)鼓勵(lì)管理層，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)層采用參與式領(lǐng)導(dǎo)方式，增強(qiáng)公司內(nèi)部的信息流通和人際交往，從而促進(jìn)員工在

3、人際方面的積極體驗(yàn)，這樣員工才有可能主動(dòng)幫助身邊需要幫助的同事，帶動(dòng)工作績(jī)效落后的同事，使得新同事能更好的適應(yīng)工作環(huán)境，避免不必要的失誤給公司帶來(lái)巨大損失，最終保證公司的整體運(yùn)營(yíng)效率。5.3 研究不足和展望研究過(guò)程中的不足主要體現(xiàn)在發(fā)放問(wèn)卷時(shí)，讓被試找同事填他評(píng)問(wèn)卷，可能會(huì)找于自己關(guān)系要好的，這樣的他評(píng)存在不客觀的嫌疑，應(yīng)該事先對(duì)問(wèn)卷編好號(hào)，統(tǒng)計(jì)好一個(gè)辦公室的人數(shù)，將相應(yīng)對(duì)數(shù)的自評(píng)，他評(píng)問(wèn)卷交叉混合后發(fā)放，做到他評(píng)問(wèn)卷時(shí)詢問(wèn)上面的號(hào)數(shù)是誰(shuí)，并對(duì)該人進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)。另外自評(píng)問(wèn)卷較長(zhǎng)，若干被試后面幾份問(wèn)卷的作答明顯不如前面的認(rèn)真。研究?jī)?nèi)容上的不足是中介變量的選取在更大程度上還是基于社會(huì)交換理論，不能完全

4、支持社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)的視角，只是在修訂工作幸福感的問(wèn)卷時(shí)側(cè)重了人際關(guān)系滿意度，而沒(méi)有直接編制或修訂人際關(guān)系滿意度的問(wèn)卷，因此進(jìn)一步的研究可以更加具體地探討參與式領(lǐng)導(dǎo)在社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)層面上的作用機(jī)制。總之，盡管助人行為這個(gè)概念已伴隨著組織公民行為而提出了若干年，但其獨(dú)特性還有待進(jìn)一步開(kāi)發(fā)和挖掘，對(duì)于其內(nèi)涵、影響因素和結(jié)果變量都有待未來(lái)進(jìn)一步完善。6 結(jié)論參與式領(lǐng)導(dǎo)對(duì)員工助人行為的影響以員工的工作幸福感為中介，角色清晰度既調(diào)節(jié)參與式領(lǐng)導(dǎo)助人行為，也調(diào)節(jié)工作幸福感組織助人行為。參與式領(lǐng)導(dǎo)賦予員工更多的自主性，能提高員工的工作幸福感，從而促使員工表現(xiàn)出更多的助人行為，并且工作幸福感發(fā)揮完全中介作用。角色清晰度正向調(diào)

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