主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義

1、主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義feel, taste, sound, smell, look 等感官動(dòng)詞和 keep, remain, stay, seem, appear, prove等表示狀態(tài)的系動(dòng)詞后接形容詞/名詞/介詞短語或to be +形容詞（名詞）” 作表語時(shí),這些動(dòng)詞常常以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義，此時(shí)句子的主語是被感知或描述的對象。 例如:Silk feels very soft. 絲綢摸上去很柔軟?What you said sounded a bit reasonable. 你說的聽起來有點(diǎn)道理?The little baby looks like a small cat. 這嬰兒看上去像

2、只小貓?My room keeps clean all the time. 我的房間一直（被）保持得很干凈?Einsteins theory later proved （to be） true. 愛因斯坦的理論后來（被）證明是正確的?wash, write, wear, sell, read, dry, clean, run, open等 動(dòng)詞作謂語時(shí)，?？捎弥?動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義，注意:這類動(dòng)詞往往與easily, well, badly, smoothly等副詞連用， 表示主語的屬性特征。例如:This kind of cloth washes easily. 這種布很好洗。Food of

3、 this kind sells well. 這種食品很好賣。Nylon cleans easily 尼龍容易洗干凈。The coat dries easily 這種外衣容易干。take place, happen, hang, measure, weigh等描述狀態(tài)的不及物動(dòng)詞和短語動(dòng) 詞可以用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。例如:Great changes have taken place in our school in the last 5 years.過去 5 年里我們學(xué)校發(fā)生了巨大的變化。The hen weighs 3 kg. 這只母雞 3 公斤重。His family photo han

4、gs highly between the two windows. 他的全家福（照片）高高地（被）掛在兩個(gè)窗戶之間。與cant/wont/hardly/never等連用的不及物動(dòng)詞,如open, shut, move, lock 等,?？捎弥鲃?dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。例如:The door wont open. 這門就是不能（被）打開。The glass never moves! 這個(gè)杯子永遠(yuǎn)都不能動(dòng)。wear, blow, fly等一些不及物動(dòng)詞用于主語+謂語+ （to be） +形容詞結(jié)構(gòu) 中時(shí),可用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。例如:The trousers have worn old. 褲子已經(jīng)穿

5、舊了。The window blew open. 窗戶被吹開了。6. need, require, want等表示需要意義的動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)詞的-ing的主動(dòng)形式往往表示被動(dòng)含義。例如:The paper cant come out, because it needs improving.這篇論文不能發(fā)表,因?yàn)樗€需要修改。The old building requires painting again.這棟老房子需要再粉刷一遍。注意:前面兩句也可以改為：The paper cant come out, because it needs to be improved.The old building

6、 requires to be painted again.用“be （well） worth/deserve + doing”結(jié)構(gòu)也可以表示被動(dòng)含義。例如：誤:His idea is very worth considering.他的想法值得考慮。正:The film Hero is well worth seeing a second time.電影英雄很值得再看一遍？The place deserves a visit/visiting/to be visited.當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式作定語且與前面被修飾的名詞或代詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，其邏輯主語是句子 的主語或間接賓語時(shí)，用該不定式的主動(dòng)形式常常可以表

7、示被動(dòng)含義。（不定式作定語，放 在被修飾詞后面，與前面被修飾的名詞或代詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，又在句子中與另一名詞或代詞有 主謂關(guān)系，不定式要用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)含義。）例如：I have a lot of problems to settle at present.目前我有許多問題需要解決？Do you have anything else to say?你還有什么要說的？Tom is looking for a room to live in. Tom 在找一間住的房間。（與room有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，與Tom有主謂關(guān)系）He has a family to support.他要維持一個(gè)家庭。（與family有動(dòng)賓

8、關(guān)系，與he有主謂關(guān)系）Have you got any clothes to wash today?今天你有什么衣服要洗嗎?（指被問的人洗衣服） 比較：Have you got any clothes to be washed today?你今天有什么衣服要洗嗎?（指問話的人洗衣服）注意:在“there be .句式中，如果動(dòng)詞不定式前沒有明確的邏輯主語時(shí)，不定式用主動(dòng)形 式或被動(dòng)形式均可，如果有邏輯主語，則用不定式的主動(dòng)形式?例如：有五封信等著回復(fù)？There are five letters to answer/to be answered.（也可譯為：There are five le

9、tters for me to answer.）difficult, easy, important, comfortable, convenient, dangerous, hard, cheap，expensive等形容詞（表示難易、利弊等含義）作表語或賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，動(dòng)詞不 定式在其后作狀語，并與句子的主語構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng) 含義。結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+系動(dòng)詞+形容詞+不定式；動(dòng)詞+賓語+形容詞+不定式。例如：I find that his books are always difficult to understand.我發(fā)現(xiàn)他的書總是很難理解。My brother

10、is easy to deal with.我兄弟很容易相處。The math problem is not easy to work out.這道數(shù)學(xué)題不易解出。The question is difficult to answer.這個(gè)問題很難回答。I found the car comfortable to ride in.我覺得這種車很好坐。主語是much, a great deal, little, what等,其表語如是不定式，則用不定式的主 動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。What is to do? 做什么？Much is to do. 太多要做的事。一些固定句式中的主動(dòng)形式常表示被動(dòng)含義。例如：Wh

11、o is to blame fhe accident?誰該為這起事故負(fù)責(zé)？You are to blame for the accident.你應(yīng)為這事受動(dòng)責(zé)備。The house is to let.此房出租。A lot remains to do.還剩下許多事情要做。一些“介詞+名詞構(gòu)成的介詞短語表示被動(dòng)含義。例如：Class Three is in the charge of Mr Chen.三班由陳老師負(fù)責(zé)？The building is in the possession of Tom.這棟樓是湯姆的？The plan is under discussion at the meeti

12、ng.計(jì)戈U正在會(huì)上討論？Dont worryverything is under control.別著急，一切都在掌握之中？鞏固練習(xí):It is Tom who wasfor the incident.D. to be blamingD. to be replied toD. to be blamingD. to be replied toD. hangedThere were three e-mails for the secretary.A. to be repliedB. to reply toC. to replyOn the walltwo large portraits.A. hangsB. hangC. is hangedThe house facing the river A. is in possession ofhim.The house facing the river A. is in possession ofhim.is possession ofis in the possession ofThe old man is easyis in the possession ofThe old man is easyis in the possession byA. to get alongC. to be go