混合動力汽車外文文獻翻譯最新譯文

1、文獻出處： Pohl G. The research of hybrid car development J. TechnologicalForecasting and Social Change, 2016, 15(3):57-67.原文The research of hybrid car developmentPohl G.AbstractIncreasingly scarce oil resources and environmental pollution, the problem such as global warming becoming more serious, as a m

2、ajor source of carbon emissions car become focus of research and development of automobile manufacturers, low emissions, zero emissions of choice for new energy vehicles has become the next generation of cars, more and more car manufacturers focus on low emission, low fuel consumption on the develop

3、ment of the car. Therefore, Hybrid Electric Vehicle (Hybrid Electric Vehicle), hereinafter referred to as HEV, as a transition to a zero discharge development models, is starting to get attention. The characteristics of a hybrid car is can make the engine keep in the region of the optimum condition,

4、 and good dynamic performance, the hybrid cars have the advantage of low emissions, low pollution.Keywords: Hybrid cars, Control strategy of power matching, Forward simulationIntroductionHumans are faced with more and more serious energy shortage crisis; Countries have established their own energy s

5、aving strategy. As the national income boost national economy rapid development. Traditional fuel cars used widely in petroleum refining traditional fuels such as gasoline, diesel is belongs to the non-renewable energy, traditional fuel oil reserves and production are in danger of drying up. And car

6、 holdings increased year after year, had had a serious of urban traffic congestion, further intensify the energy crisis, and also received a national energy supply security threat. Automobile exhaust gas caused by the environment problem is increasingly serious, such as the tiny particles in urban P

7、M2.5 mainly from automobile exhaust emissions, car exhaust and has become a primary sources of air quality and peoples health. Hybrid is refers to the vehicle using conventional fuel (diesel, gasoline, etc.) power and the two methods in electric power, the advantage is in the car at the time of star

8、ting, can only rely on motor drive the car, when reaching a certain speed to start the engine. In this way, can make the engine keep the best working state, to obtain good dynamic performance, and power source is battery, do not need to consume fuel alone. The key technology of hybrid car is a hybri

9、d control system assembly, it will affect the performance of hybrid vehicle power performance. Through technology unceasing development, the hybrid control system has been from the traditional motor and engine dispersion structure gradually into the engine, motor and variable speed mechanism of inte

10、gration. The current hybrid system generally in power transmission lines to distinguish, can be divided into three categories of parallel, series, and mixed type.Summary of three hybrid systemseries hybrid electric vehicle (SHEV)SHEV type hybrid vehicle, powered by batteries, control module and modu

11、le DengZi modules, which is in series connection way between them constitute the SHEV powertrain. At work, engine driven generator to generate electricity, directly by the controller to transfer power to the battery or direct drive motor, by variable speed motor to drive a car again. In a small load

12、, the battery to the motor power and drive wheel, when large load, motor direct drive motor power, and thus drive motor. Just started in the car, the battery capacity in a saturated state, the kinetic energy of the battery at this time can achieve auto start demand, when the battery power value is l

13、ower than the set value, dynamic auxiliary system starting; When the vehicles energy demand grows, the battery pack and power module for traction system to transmit power at the same time; When the vehicle energy demand decreases, the auxiliary power system in the guarantee of energy demand driven s

14、ystem at the same time, to the battery. Since the role of the battery, the engine can work in relatively constant work environment, improved their emissions. Series system is widely used in urban area of idle run and repeatedly in the environment, can make the engine area in optimal conditions const

15、ant, at the same time, through the deployment of the output of the motor and battery energy to adjust the speed of the car. So you can make the engine to avoid and idle running at low speed, improve the efficiency of the engine, thus reduce exhaust emissions. But its drawback is that a lot of energy

16、 conversion, the mechanical efficiency also decreases. Such as Hondas energy SHEV is using a fuel battery pack, in the city, under the condition of motor powered by fuel cells, electric motor through a transmission driving car, meet the requirements of the zero pollution can effectively improve air

17、quality. When faster and uphill to jointly by the engine, fuel cell and motor vehicle power supply, driving wheel, in order to meet the demand for power vehicle.Parallel power (PHEV)Parallel hybrid electric vehicle, is composed of motor and motor traction motors at the same time, the motor and engin

18、e points belong to two sets of power module, can transmission torque, independent of each other to the automobile transmission system under various conditions can either individual drive and driven vehicle when the vehicle needs to accelerate or is uphill, engine and motor can be transmitted to the

19、drive system of traction at the same time, when the vehicle needs to accelerate or is uphill, engine and motor can be transmitted to the drive system of traction at the same time, when the speed reached cruising speed, car will only to maintain the engine speed. The motor can be used as a generator

20、can directly drive the car. The system with separate no generators, and can drive transmission module to drive the car engine, this system is more similar to the average vehicle driver module, mechanical efficiency loss and almost like a regular car, get more extensive application.Such as Volkswagen

21、 golf PHEV vehicles that the engine through the transmission of regulating motor, export torque to the clutch to drive the car forward. When the car starts, battery power supply to the motor, the motor into the engine driving mechanism. After the engine side became the only power source to drive car

22、s, car and driving motor power to the battery at the same time, this time with the traditional cars. In urban conditions, the engine stops, the transmission from, batteries as the only energy supply power to motor wheel driven by a motor to replace the engine. When the vehicle needs to speed up or h

23、igh load, engine starting transmission gear at the same time, the engine and motor system composition of hybrid models,with maximum torque traction vehicles.Mixed type power systems (SPHEV)SPHEV usually is in the structure of a PHEV and add a motor, so the engine to provide energy to mechanical tran

24、smission output Power Bridge on one hand, can drive the generator to the battery charging at the same time. The engine through a generator which can adjust the speed, the engine can run as far as possible in the working area to high efficiency and low emissions. Distribution of electricity by the co

25、ntroller and motor, transmission to the battery or motor, motor driving force of transmitted power composite structure to the drive axle. Mixed type driving mechanism and structure of control of the parallel and serial mechanism of advantage, can make the motor, engine, generator and other component

26、s to better cooperate, under the complicated working conditions on the structure ensures that the car work freedom, so are more likely to achieve control target of low emissions and lower fuel consumption. Composite group compared with tandem type, mixed type less dependence on battery, between ener

27、gy transfers in less, also more fuel efficient; mixed type compared with parallel connection, the engine operation is affected by the condition of smaller. Three kinds of hybrid electric vehicle, the compound type is based on energy distribution is optimal. Hybrid vehicle technology has been gradual

28、ly perfected. But because the structure is complex, high cost, during the period of the electric car, before the arrival of hybrid car is a kind of transitional productThe development of hybrid carsJapans Toyota and Americas big three carmakers to world each big car manufacturers such as turning the

29、 hybrids of development and research. Through the development of recent years, hybrid cars in the popularization, the more rapid development in the process of marketization. The worlds largest car manufacturers focus on the development of clean energy vehicles, hybrid vehicles become the strategic f

30、ocus of each big car company, gradually break through the scope of small cars and application in medium and large car slowly, technology is more and more competitive. The world car market in 2009, production of hybrid vehicles already broke through 700000, according to the forecast, to 2016 hybrid c

31、ars accounted for 15% of the share in the global market. In 1997, Toyota has developed the worlds first mass-produced hybrid car, and then in 2001, have developed a hybrid minivans and vans, they have a leading comprehensive control system and electric four-wheel drive hybrid system control unit (TS

32、H), the universal hybrid low fuel consumption, low emissions and improve driving performance, etc., in the forefront of the world. Represented by Toyotas Japanese automakers, is due to the precision of 10 years ago, finally to hybrids such transition of clean energy vehicle technology leading the gl

33、obal auto market now. The Toyota Prius hybrid cars off sales amounted to 208900 cars in 2009, increased by 290% than in 2008, became the first new car sales list.The Obama administration in the United States began to implement the new policy, 2015, 1 million hybrid car gained popularity. The United

34、States is the implementation of tax preferential treatment, the hybrid electric vehicle subsidies is between $2500 to $15000 and at the same time. giving subsidies on lending to the electric car companies. In addition, the United States introduced new vehicle carbon dioxide emissions and car fuel ec

35、onomy law, significantly increase to the requirement of vehicle technology, if not the green energy car technology, auto makers will be difficult to meet the requirements of the new regulations.09 on June 1, tesla, nissan North America, and the ford motor company received $8 billion in loans, mainly

36、 used in the r&d and production of pure electric and hybrid cars. Daimlerchrysler, gm and ford motor company in 2003 set up the production of hybrid cars and the fuel cell car batteries used in the development company, they injected $4.6 million to develop the next generation of environmentally frie

37、ndly vehicles need polymer battery. In August 2005, general motors, such as Daimler signed on to form the world alliance cooperation, development of hybrid system with the letter of intent, Shared their hybrids system with regard to the rich resources of science and technology and advanced technolog

38、y, and will develop dual-mode hybrid car as the primary target.2010 hybrid cars sold 290300 vehicles in the United States, are 2.8% of the proportion of the U.S. auto market, the proportion is not big, but starting from 1.3% in 2005 to present the trend of rising gradually. Forecast that the yield o

39、f hybrids will amount to 873000 vehicles in 2016, its market share will reach 5%.譯文混合動力汽車發(fā)展研究Pohl G.摘要石油資源日漸匱乏和環(huán)境污染、全球變暖等問題的日益嚴重，作為碳排放主 要來源的汽車成為汽車廠商研發(fā)的重點，低排放、零排放的新能源汽車成為了下 一代汽車的首選，越來越多的汽車生產(chǎn)商把目光放在了低排放、低油耗汽車的研 制上。因此，混合動力汽車(Hybrid-Electric Vehicle)，簡稱HEV，作為一個向 零排放發(fā)展的過渡車型，開始受到大家關(guān)注?；旌蟿恿ζ嚨奶攸c是能使發(fā)動機 盡量保持在最

40、佳工況區(qū)域，且動力性能好，因此混合動力汽車具備排放低、污染 低的優(yōu)勢。關(guān)鍵詞:混合動力汽車，控制策略，動力匹配，前向仿真1引言人類正面臨著越來越嚴重的能源短缺危機；各國都制定了各自的節(jié)能戰(zhàn)略。 隨著國民收入大幅提升和國民經(jīng)濟快速發(fā)展。傳統(tǒng)燃料汽車普遍使用的汽油、柴 油等傳統(tǒng)石油提煉燃料都是屬于是不可再生的能源，傳統(tǒng)石油燃料的儲藏量和可 開采量正面臨日益枯竭的危險處境。而轎車持有量連年增多，使城區(qū)交通產(chǎn)生了 嚴重的堵塞，進一步加劇了能源危機，而且國家能源供給安全也收到了威脅。汽 車的尾氣所造成的環(huán)境問題也日益嚴重，比如城市PM2.5主要來自汽車尾氣中 的微小粒子排放物，汽車的尾氣如今已成為影響空

41、氣質(zhì)量與人民健康的主要根 源?；靹泳褪侵杠囕v用傳統(tǒng)燃料(指柴油、汽油等)供能和用電力供能兩種方法， 其優(yōu)勢是在汽車在起動時，可以只靠電動機帶動汽車，當(dāng)達到一定速度后才開始 啟動發(fā)動機。通過這種方式，能使發(fā)動機盡量保持在最佳工況狀態(tài)，獲得良好的 動力性，并且電能的來源是蓄電池，不需要單獨消耗燃油?；靹悠嚨年P(guān)鍵技術(shù) 是混動控制系統(tǒng)總成，它的性能會影響到混合動力車的車輛動力性。通過技術(shù)的 不斷發(fā)展，混動控制系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)從傳統(tǒng)的電動機與發(fā)動機分散構(gòu)造逐步變成發(fā)動 機、電機和變速機構(gòu)的整體化。目前混動系統(tǒng)一般以動力傳導(dǎo)的線路進行區(qū)分， 可分為并聯(lián)式、串聯(lián)式和混聯(lián)式三類。2混動系統(tǒng)概述2.1串聯(lián)式混合動力汽

42、車(SHEV)SHEV型混動汽車由電池組、控制模塊和驅(qū)動模塊等子模塊構(gòu)成，它們之間 是用串聯(lián)方式組成了 SHEV的動力系統(tǒng)。在工作時，發(fā)動機直接驅(qū)動發(fā)電機進 行發(fā)電，通過控制器將電能輸送到蓄電池或者直接驅(qū)動電動機，再由電動機經(jīng)過 變速機構(gòu)去驅(qū)動汽車。在小負載時，蓄電池通過向電機供能而帶動車輪，在大負 載時，發(fā)動機直接帶動電機發(fā)電，從而驅(qū)動電動機。在車輛剛啟動時，電池容量 處在飽和狀態(tài)，此時電池提供的動能可以達到汽車啟動需求，當(dāng)蓄電池電量值低 于設(shè)定值時，動力輔助系統(tǒng)起動；當(dāng)車輛的能量需求變大時，電池組與助力模塊 同時為牽引系統(tǒng)傳輸能量；當(dāng)車輛能量需求變小的時候，此時輔助動力系統(tǒng)在保 證驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)

43、能量需求的同時，還給電池組充電。因為電池組的作用，發(fā)動機可以 工作在比較恒定的工作環(huán)境中，其排放得到了一定改善。串聯(lián)系統(tǒng)普遍用于城區(qū) 內(nèi)怠速運行和反復(fù)起停的工作環(huán)境，可以使發(fā)動機在最適工況區(qū)域恒定地運轉(zhuǎn)， 同時經(jīng)過調(diào)配電動機與蓄電池的輸出能量來調(diào)整車速。這樣就可以使發(fā)動機避免 低速和怠速運轉(zhuǎn)，提高了發(fā)動機的工作效率，進而減少廢氣的排放。但它的缺點 是能量轉(zhuǎn)換次數(shù)較多，機械效率也隨之降低。例如本田的“能量者”SHEV使用 的是燃料電池組，在城區(qū)工況下，電機由燃料電池供能，電機經(jīng)過變速器驅(qū)動汽 車，符合“零污染”的要求，能有效的改善空氣質(zhì)量；在較快速度及上坡的時候， 車輛由發(fā)動機、燃料電池和共同向

44、電動機供電，驅(qū)動車輪，以滿足車輛對動力的 需求。2.2并聯(lián)式動力(PHEV)并聯(lián)式混合動力汽車，是由電機和發(fā)動機同時牽引汽車，電動機與發(fā)動機分 屬于兩套動力模塊，能夠相互獨立的向汽車傳動系統(tǒng)傳輸扭矩，在各種工況下既 可以單獨驅(qū)動又可以共同驅(qū)動車輛當(dāng)汽車需要加速或者正在上坡時，發(fā)動機和電 機可以同時向傳動系統(tǒng)傳輸牽引力，當(dāng)汽車需要加速或者正在上坡時，發(fā)動機和 電機可以同時向傳動系統(tǒng)傳輸牽引力，當(dāng)車速達到巡航速度時，汽車會僅用發(fā)動 機來維持車速。電動機既可以當(dāng)作發(fā)電機使用又可以直接驅(qū)動汽車。該系統(tǒng)沒有 單獨配備發(fā)電機，而且發(fā)動機可以帶動變速模塊以帶動汽車，這種系統(tǒng)更類似于 一般的車輛驅(qū)動模塊，機械效率損耗與普通汽車差不多，得到比較廣泛的應(yīng)用。如大眾汽車高爾夫PHEV汽車，(完整譯文請到百度文庫)它的發(fā)動機通過 變速器調(diào)節(jié)電動機，導(dǎo)出扭矩再通過離合器來帶動汽車前進。當(dāng)汽車啟動時，蓄 電池向電機供電，此時電動機變成了發(fā)動機的驅(qū)動機構(gòu)。發(fā)動機啟動以后一邊成 為汽車唯一的能量源帶動汽車，同時又驅(qū)動電動機發(fā)電向電池充電，此時與傳統(tǒng) 汽車一樣。在城區(qū)工況下，發(fā)動機停止，變速器脫離，電池作為唯一能源向電動 機供電，由電動機取代發(fā)動機驅(qū)動車輪。當(dāng)車輛需要加速行駛或者高負荷時，發(fā) 動機起動同時