第四周 學(xué)習(xí)計劃

1、資料版權(quán)屬文亮所有，任何學(xué)員只有使用權(quán)，不得以任何方式轉(zhuǎn)借給他人，否則將追究法律責(zé)任第 第 頁 英語第四周學(xué)習(xí)計劃第一部分 詞匯背誦1. literature lit()rt n. 文學(xué)；文獻(xiàn)I love literature since I was young.從小我就熱愛文學(xué)。There is now a vast literature on the subject.現(xiàn)在有關(guān)這個學(xué)科的文獻(xiàn)特別多。2. garment g:m()nt n. 衣服The garment industry is growing fast.服裝產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展迅速。3. sharp :p adj. 鋒利的；急劇的Cut

2、it off with a sharp knife.用一把鋒利的刀割斷它。This month, there is a sharp rise in oil price.這個月油價暴漲。4. declare dikle vt. 宣布，聲明；宣稱vi. 聲明，宣布He declared he would not run for a second term as president.他聲明不再競選連任總統(tǒng)。5. vivid vivid adj. 生動的；鮮明的Youve got a vivid description.你做了生動的描寫。6. pioneer n. 先鋒；拓荒者vt&vi. 開辟；倡導(dǎo)

3、；提倡He was a pioneer of heart transplant operations.他是心臟移植手術(shù)的開創(chuàng)者。7. relevant reliv()nt adj. 相關(guān)的His writing is not relevant to the topic. 他的作文與主題不相關(guān)。8. dip dip vt&vi 蘸，浸I dipped my pen in the ink.我拿鋼筆蘸了下墨水。9. regular regjul adj. 定期的；有規(guī)律的Were going to be meeting there on a regular basis.我們將定期在那里見面。10.

4、duty dju:ti n. 職責(zé)I feel its my duty to help him.我覺得我有責(zé)任幫助他。11. canal knl n. 運河The coal is delivered by canal.煤是通過運河運輸?shù)摹?2. vague veig adj. 模糊的；含糊的；不明確的We saw vague shapes of sheep coming through the mist.我們看到朦朦朧朧的羊群的影子在霧中向我們走來。13. plus pls prep. 加 n. 受歡迎的或有利的附加物，有利條件3 plus 6 is 9.3加6等于9。Knowledge of

5、 French or Spanish could be a plus in this job.懂法語或西班牙語是做這份工作的有利條件。14. bow bu n. 弓；鞠躬；船首vi&vt 鞠躬；彎腰He gave a deep bow.他深深地鞠了一躬。15. public pblik adj. 公眾的；公立的 n. 公眾；公共場所Public opinions are against the law.公共輿論反對這項新法律。16. reform rif:m n. 改革，改良；vt. 改革，革新；vi. 重組；改過The reform aims to make the tax system s

6、impler and fairer.改革旨在使稅務(wù)制度更簡單更公平。17. fill fil vt. 使充滿；任職vi. 被充滿Laughter filled the room.屋子里充滿了笑聲。He is the best person to fill the vacancy.他是填補這個空缺崗位的最好人選。18. apology pldi n. 道歉；歉意I need to make an apology to him.我得向他道個歉。19. broadcast br:dk:st n. 廣播節(jié)目vt& vi.播送，（無線電或電視）廣播；播撒（種子）The music faded down

7、and a special news broadcast began. 樂曲的音量減弱了，專題新聞廣播開始了。20. compete kmpi:t vi 競爭；比賽He will be competing in the 100-metre race.他將參加100米比賽。21. circle s:k()l n. 循環(huán)；圓vt. 畫圓圈；環(huán)繞移動vi. 盤旋，旋轉(zhuǎn)；環(huán)行The flag was red, with a large white circle in the centre.那面旗子是紅色的，中間有一個白色的大圓圈。22. oppose puz vt. 反對；對抗，抗?fàn)巚i. 反對But

8、 there are still people who oppose the plan.但是仍然有些人反對這項計劃。23. shore : n. 海濱；支柱vt. 支撐，使穩(wěn)?。挥弥е鶕巫t was wonderful to see the shores of England again after so long at sea.長時間在海上之后，重新回到英倫海岸，真是太高興了。We had to shore up the damaged wall.我們不得不把損壞的墻支撐起來。24. inn in n. 旅館We lived in the Waterside Inn.我們住在水濱旅館。25

9、. skyscraper skaiskreip n. 摩天大樓The skyscraper towers into the clouds. 那幢摩天大樓高聳入云。26. expense ikspens n. 損失，代價；消費；開支vt. 向收取費用Hes bought a big TV at vast expense.他花了很多錢買了臺大電視。27. surface s:fis n. 表面；表層；外觀adj. 表面的，膚淺的vi. 浮出水面The breeze brings tiny little waves on the surface of the water.微風(fēng)帶來了水面的細(xì)小波浪。2

10、8. swift swift adj. 快的；迅速的；They have been swift to deny these rumors.他們辟謠方面反應(yīng)迅速。29. jog dg n.&vi 慢跑I got up early the next morning to jog.我次日清晨早起去慢跑了。30. vital vait()l adj. 至關(guān)重要的；生死攸關(guān)的Agriculture is vital to the economy of China. 農(nóng)業(yè)對中國經(jīng)濟(jì)至關(guān)重要。31. analysis nlisis n. 分析Make an analysis after reading.閱讀

11、后要做出分析。32. judge dd vt. 判斷；審判n. 法官；裁判員Who will judge this case?誰來審這個案件？The judge sentenced her to 12 months imprisonment.法官判她一年監(jiān)禁。33.faith fei n. 信仰；信念；信任；忠實Ive got great faith in her.我對她有信心。34. transparent trnspr()nt adj. 透明的；顯然的；坦率的；易懂的We need a sheet of transparent coloured plastic.我們需要一片透明的彩色塑料。

12、35. disturb dist:b vt&vi. 打擾；妨礙Did you sleep well? I didnt want to disturb you.你睡得好嗎？我不想打擾你。36. glory lri n. 光榮，榮譽；贊頌vi. 自豪，驕傲；狂喜He earned everlasting glory to our country.他為國家贏得了榮譽。They gloried in their new freedom.他們?yōu)楂@得了新的自由而狂喜。37. surround sraund vt. 圍繞；包圍 n. 圍繞物A high wall surrounds the prison.一

13、座高墻把整個監(jiān)獄圍了起來。38. steady stedi adj. 穩(wěn)定的；不變的；沉著的Despite the steady progress of building work, the campaign against it is still going strong.盡管建筑工程穩(wěn)步進(jìn)行，反工運動卻仍然高漲。39. sink sik vi. &vt 下沉；消沉；滲透vt. 使下沉；挖掘；使低落The ships hit a rock and sank with a loss of a hundred lives.這艘輪船觸礁沉沒，一百人死于非命。40. destroy distri v

14、t. 破壞；消滅；毀壞Destroy the old world and build a new one. 破壞舊世界，建設(shè)新世界。41. predict pridikt vt.&vi 預(yù)報，預(yù)言He predicted that he would marry when he was 30.他預(yù)測他30歲時結(jié)婚。42. terminal t:min()l n. 末端；終點；adj. 末端的；終點的The patient is terminally ill.這個病人病入膏肓。43. compulsory kmpls()ri adj. 義務(wù)的；必修的；被強制的He believes that th

15、e study of history should be compulsory in school.他認(rèn)為在學(xué)校里學(xué)習(xí)歷史應(yīng)該是強制性的。44. irrigation irigein n. 灌溉；臨床 沖洗；沖洗法Irrigation is needed to make crops grow in dry regions. 干旱地區(qū)需要灌溉才能使作物生長。45. recommend rekmend vt&vi 推薦I recommended a place where I had had a holiday.我推薦了一個我度過假的地方。46. ruin ruin n. 廢墟；毀壞； vt. 毀

16、滅；使破產(chǎn)vi. 破產(chǎn)；墮落；被毀滅The accident ruined her life.這次事故毀掉了她的生活。47. obvious bvis adj. 明顯的；顯著的；平淡無奇的The reason is obvious. He didnt want to hurt you.原因很明顯，他不想傷害你。48. sympathy simpi n. 同情；慰問；贊同We expressed our sympathy for her loss.我們對她的損失表示了同情。49. emergency im:d()nsi n. 緊急情況；突發(fā)事件；非常時刻 adj. 緊急的；備用的Ring the

17、 bell in an emergency.緊急情況請按鈴。50. blame bleim vt. 責(zé)備；歸咎于n. 責(zé)備；責(zé)任；過失Dont blame me. Its not my fault.不要責(zé)怪我。不是我的錯。第二部分 語法學(xué)習(xí)時態(tài)英語中，不同時間的事，要用不同的時態(tài)表達(dá)。常用的時態(tài)有：一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、一般將來時、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時、過去進(jìn)行時、將來進(jìn)行時、現(xiàn)在完成時、過去完成時、將來完成時、過去將來時。下面分別介紹各個時態(tài)所表示的時間狀態(tài)：1）一般現(xiàn)在時，表示現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的事情，謂語動詞用動詞原形或第三人稱單數(shù)（當(dāng)主語是he, she, it）的形式。（注意：“現(xiàn)在”+“一般

18、”）2）一般過去時，表示過去經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的事情，謂語動詞用v-ed的形式。（注意：“過去”+“一般”）3）一般將來時，表示將來經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的事情，謂語動詞用will do的形式。（注意：“將來”+“一般”）4）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，表示現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的事情，謂語動詞用am/is/are+doing的形式。（注意：“現(xiàn)在”+“進(jìn)行”）5）過去進(jìn)行時，表示過去正在發(fā)生的事情，謂語動詞用was/were+doing的形式。（注意：“過去”+“進(jìn)行”）6）將來進(jìn)行時，表示將來正在發(fā)生的事情，謂語動詞用will be doing的形式。（注意：“將來”+“進(jìn)行”）7）現(xiàn)在完成時，表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生過的事情，謂語動詞用ha

19、ve/has done的形式。（注意：“現(xiàn)在” +“完成”）8）過去完成時，表示過去的某個時間點之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生過的事情，謂語動詞用had done的形式。（注意：“過去” +“完成”）9）將來完成時，表示將來的某個時間點之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生過的事情，謂語動詞用will have done的形式。（注意：“將來”+“完成”）10）過去將來時，表示以過去的時間為基準(zhǔn)的將來要發(fā)生的事情，謂語動詞用would do的形式。（注意：“過去”+“將來”）下面將各種時態(tài)一一舉例，請仔細(xì)理解，體會不同時態(tài)的區(qū)別和用法：1）I love books. 我愛書。 （一般現(xiàn)在時，表示我現(xiàn)在的喜好，喜歡書，不強調(diào)現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的

20、動作，而是客觀陳述我的持續(xù)性的喜好。）2）I loved books. 我過去愛書。（一般過去時，表示我過去的喜好，喜歡書，不強調(diào)過去某個時刻。）3）I will love books. 我將來會愛書的。（一般將來時，表示我預(yù)測我將來的喜好，喜歡書，不強調(diào)將來某個時刻，只是說將來這個大范圍的時間會喜歡書。）4）I am reading a book now. 我正在讀書。（現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，表示我正在讀書，強調(diào)“現(xiàn)在”這個時間點）5）I was reading a book just now. 我剛才正在讀書。（過去進(jìn)行時，表示我剛才正在讀書，強調(diào)“剛才（just now）”這個時間點）6）I wi

21、ll be reading tomorrow morning. 我明天早上將會在讀書。（將來進(jìn)行時，表示“明天早上”這個時間對我會正在讀書。）7）I have read a book.我已經(jīng)讀完了一本書。（現(xiàn)在完成時，表示我已經(jīng)讀完了一本書。）8）I had read a book before he came home. 在他回家之前我已經(jīng)讀完了一本書。（過去完成時，表示在過去的時間點（他回家）之前我已經(jīng)讀完了一本書。）9）I will have read a book by tomorrow morning. 到明天早上我將讀完一本書。（將來完成時，表示在“明天早上”這個時間點之前，我將會

22、讀完一本書。）10）I said I would read a book. 我說了我會讀書的。（過去將來時，表示我過去某個時間點說我會讀書，以過去的時間點做參照，講將來發(fā)生的事情，要用過去將來時。）一般將來時除了“will+動詞原形”外的幾種表達(dá)：1. be going to+動詞原形，強調(diào)按計劃、安排、推測將要發(fā)生的事。What are you going to do next Sunday ? 下星期天你打算干什么？Look at these black clouds. Its going to rain. 看這些烏云。天快要下雨了。2. be +to+動詞原形，強調(diào)按約定、職責(zé)、義務(wù)等將

23、要發(fā)生的事。We are to meet at the zoo. 我們約定在動物園見面。You are to be back by 11 oclock. 你必須11點回來。3. 用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時（be+v-ing）表示將來，特別是用于go , come , leave , start , arrive , move , return , fly (乘飛機(jī))這些表示移動的動詞。I am leaving tomorrow. 我明天走。4. 用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來，特別用于按時刻表、按規(guī)定將發(fā)生的事情。The trains at 6:00. 火車6點出發(fā)。The class begins at 9:00.

24、 9點開始上課。一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別：1. 過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情，強調(diào)動作；現(xiàn)在完成時為過去發(fā)生的，強調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響，強調(diào)的是影響?，F(xiàn)在完成時用來表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動作或狀態(tài)，其結(jié)果的確和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系。動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去，但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在；而一般過去時表示過去的事實，與現(xiàn)在沒有關(guān)系。 I have just been to London; I went there last month. 我剛?cè)ミ^倫敦，是上個月去的。 （前半句，我已經(jīng)去過倫敦，強調(diào)我現(xiàn)在對倫敦的城市有所了解，或是在倫敦的事項已經(jīng)辦完現(xiàn)在不用再去辦等等，用完成時表達(dá)時不單純只

25、想說去過倫敦這個動作，而后半句則只是想說去倫敦這件事情發(fā)生在上個月。）2. 過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用，或無時間狀語。 一般過去時的時間狀語: yesterday, last week, ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具體的時間狀語 現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語: for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always二者共同的時間狀語: this morning, tonight, this Ap

26、ril, now, once, before, already, recently, lately請比較下面兩組句子，體會兩個時態(tài)的區(qū)別：He served in the army from 1952 to 1954. （這是過去的一件事。）He has served in the army for 5 years.（現(xiàn)在他仍在軍中服役，他仍是個軍人。）He wrote many plays when he was at college. （寫劇本是他過去做的事情。）He has written many plays. （這意味著他是劇作家。）過去完成時與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別：過去完成時與現(xiàn)在完成

27、時二者用法基本相同，但現(xiàn)在完成時以現(xiàn)在的時間為基點，過去完成時則以過去的時間為基點，與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)，即過去的過去。I have known him for three years. 我認(rèn)識他三年了。（現(xiàn)在還認(rèn)識他）I had known him when I was a student. 我是學(xué)生時，就已經(jīng)認(rèn)識他了。（我當(dāng)學(xué)生時，這是一個過去的時間點，在這個時間點以前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情，用過去完成時）I have finished my experiment.我已經(jīng)做完實驗了。（表示現(xiàn)在說話時已經(jīng)做完實驗）By six oclock，I had finished my experiment.在六點以前

28、，我就已經(jīng)做完實驗了。（表示在過去的某一時間six oclock以前已經(jīng)做完實驗，與現(xiàn)在毫無關(guān)系）主句用將來時，從句用現(xiàn)在時（主將從現(xiàn)）的現(xiàn)象：主將從現(xiàn)說的是在含有時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句的主從復(fù)合句中，如果主句的時態(tài)是一般將來時，那么從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時。例如：I will tell him about it when he comes.他來時，我會告訴他這件事。If it is fine tomorrow, we will go outing.如果明天天氣好，我們就出去。如果主句的時態(tài)是過去將來時，那么從句要用一般過去時。例如：He said that he would have anot

29、her try if he had the chance.他說如果有機(jī)會他會再試一次。I knew he could help me if he was free the next day.我知道他明天如果有空就會幫我?！爸鲗默F(xiàn)”主要有下面幾種情況：1. 條件狀語從句的主句是一般將來時，那么從句常常用一般現(xiàn)在時如：When I grow up, Ill be a nurse and look after patients.我長大后要當(dāng)一名護(hù)士，照顧病人。2. 如果主句是祈使句，那么從句通常要用一般現(xiàn)在時如：Dont laugh at me when I make a mistake. 我犯錯

30、誤的時候不要笑話我。3. 如果主句是含有情態(tài)動詞的一般現(xiàn)在時，根據(jù)需要從句多用一般現(xiàn)在時如：You should be quiet when you are in the reading room.在閱覽室時應(yīng)保持安靜。第三部分 本周習(xí)題（答案見下周學(xué)習(xí)計劃）1. By the time you arrive in London, we _ in Europe for two weeks. A. had stayed B. shall stay C. will have stayed D. have been staying 2. I _ with some friends until I f

31、ind a flat. A. am living B . live C. have lived D. will have lived 3. I thought I _ the door, but it is still open. A. had closed B. was closing C. have closed D. would close4. You _ television. Why not do something more active? A. always watch B. are always watching C. have always watched D. have a

32、lways been watching5. 一It seems that she is thinking about something. 一Yes, she cannot remember what key she _ to her computer. A .set B. has set C. had set D. sets 6. 一Why werent you at the meeting? 一I _ an important visitor from the UK in my office. A. expected B. had been expecting C. was expecti

33、ng D. had expected7. I have no idea what _ while I was asleep. A. has happened B. was happened C. had happened D. happened8. You dont need to describe her. I _ her several times. A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet9. 一Im sorry to keep you waiting. 一Oh, not at all. I _ here only a few minutes.A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be10. Remember to send me a photo of us next time you _ to me. A. are writing B. will write C. has written D. write 11. He _ at the meeting, but his heart attack prevented him. A. w