高中英語中的10種動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)解析

1、英語中的動(dòng)詞有時(shí)態(tài)(Tense)要求。所謂“時(shí)”,即動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間；“態(tài)”，即動(dòng)作的方式狀態(tài)。“時(shí)”有四種：此刻時(shí)，過去時(shí)，未來時(shí)，過去未來時(shí)；“態(tài)”也有四種：一般式，進(jìn)行式，達(dá)成式，達(dá)成進(jìn)行式。所以，英語中一共有16種時(shí)態(tài)。常用的時(shí)態(tài)有9種，過去時(shí)此刻時(shí)未來時(shí)一般式一般過去時(shí)（did）一般此刻時(shí)（do,does）一般將來時(shí)（will+do;begoingto+do）進(jìn)行式過去進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)將來進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were+do-ing）（am/is/are+do-ing）（will/shall/is,aregoingtobedo-ing）達(dá)成式過去達(dá)成時(shí)（haddone）此刻達(dá)成時(shí)（haveha

2、sdone）未來達(dá)成時(shí)（shall/will+havedone）二.新課解說1.一般過去時(shí)（thePastSimple）用法(uses)表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀況。如：Heworkedinabankallhislife.HediscoveredadesertislandinthePcific.Thesafariwasexcitingbutdangerous.Iknewwhathemeant.TheyalwaysinterviewednewemployeesonFridays.形式（form）即動(dòng)詞的過去式，分兩種狀況，一種是在動(dòng)詞結(jié)尾加ed或ied，這類動(dòng)詞稱為規(guī)則動(dòng)詞，另一種不可以加

3、，形式多樣，稱為不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞。規(guī)則動(dòng)詞：a.一般狀況下，動(dòng)詞詞尾加-ed，如：work-workedplay-playedwant-wantedact-actedb.以不發(fā)音的-e結(jié)尾動(dòng)詞，動(dòng)詞詞尾加-d，如：live-livedmove-moveddecide-decideddecline-declinedhope-hopedjudge-judgedraise-raisedwipe-wipedc.以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，把-y變成-i再加-ed，如：study-studiedtry-triedcopy-copiedjustify-justifiedcry-criedcarry-carried

4、embody-embodiedempty-emptiedd.以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)動(dòng)詞，雙寫詞尾輔音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stoppedbeg-beggeddrag-draggeddrop-droppedplan-planneddrip-dripped不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式變化規(guī)律性不強(qiáng)，須多加記憶。go-wentmake-madeget-gotbuy-boughtcome-camefly-flew(3)一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語PastSimpleandTimeAdverbials以下時(shí)間狀語常和一般過去時(shí)連用：yesterday,lastmonth,lastMonday,twoda

5、ysago,threeyearsago等等。即在句子中出現(xiàn)這樣的詞語時(shí)，要注意句子的謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)。Ifinallypassedthedrivingtestlastweek.（4）一般過去時(shí)的疑問式和否認(rèn)式：一般過去時(shí)的疑問句和否認(rèn)句用did和didnt+動(dòng)詞原形。如：Didyouseethematchlastnight?Wedidntseethebeginningofthemoviebecausewewerelate.2.一般此刻時(shí)（PresentSimple）(1)用法uses表示頻頻發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，平時(shí)活動(dòng)，習(xí)慣等。如：Ialwaystakesugarincoffee.Idontsmo

6、ke.Marywearsaponytail.表示一般的真諦或永遠(yuǎn)性的狀態(tài)。如：Waterfreezesat32Fahrenheit.Wehaveaverygoodrelationshipwithourparents.Heresembleshisfather.表示未來的官方事件或不變的時(shí)間表。如：TheChineseSpringFestivalfallsonaFridaynextyear.Thelastfilmshowbeginsat9p.m.形式（Form）陳說句中，除第三人稱單數(shù)外，謂語動(dòng)詞都用原形。如：IliveinNanyang.TheyusuallywatchTVprogrammeso

7、nSaturdayevening.b.陳說句中，主語為第三人稱單數(shù)要加-s或-es(以y結(jié)尾的y變i(thirdpersonsingular)，謂語動(dòng)詞的結(jié)尾加-es)。什么是第三人稱單數(shù)？要知足兩個(gè)條件，第一是第三人稱，如she,he,they,it,John,myfather是單數(shù)，即表示一個(gè)人或物，比方he,she,it,John,myfather他們，是復(fù)數(shù)，多個(gè)人，不是單數(shù)。如：等等；第二等等，而theyShehurriestoworkeverymorning.Heputsonspecialequipmentwhenhedives.c.在疑問句，否認(rèn)句或簡(jiǎn)單答語中，用doDoesyo

8、urmothertravelalot?Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesnt.或does。如：Wedontlikeextremesports.Marydoesntunderstandwhyriskisexciting.d.一般此刻時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語（PresentSimpleandtimeadverbials）句子中假如有以下詞語（時(shí)間狀語），謂語動(dòng)詞常要用一般此刻時(shí)。always,usually,regularly,everymorning/day/night/week/year,often,sometimes,occasionally,fromtimetotime,twiceawee

9、k,rarely,seldom,onceamonth,hardlyever,never.等等IknowthatIdoputpeopledownoccasionally.Heregularlyswimsandplaystennis.Somepeoplenevergoonadventureholidays.Fromtimetotime,Idreamaboutbecomingamillionaire.3.一般未來時(shí)（theFutureIndefinite）(1)用法uses依照看法或信念揣摩未來。如：Shewillmakeagoodlawyer.YouwillmakegreatprogressinE

10、nglishstudyifyoufollowmyadviceandtakepersistentefforts.IthinkChinawillbecomearichcountryoneday.Whodoyouthinkwillwinthematch.表示說話時(shí)瞬時(shí)做出的決定，可能是建議或企圖。如：表表示向、許諾和建議。如：表示懇求、邀請(qǐng)。如：依照此刻看到的跡象對(duì)未來事件做出推測(cè)。如：Lookattheclouds;itsgoingtorain.Heisgoingtowinthematch.表示要做某事的主觀企圖。如：形式（Form）will+動(dòng)詞原形(a,b,c,d);begoingto+動(dòng)詞原

11、形（e,f）.beto+動(dòng)詞原形。如：TheyaretobemarriedinJune.ThePrimeMinisteristovisitChinanextmonth.ThebridgeistobeopentotrafficonOct.1.4.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)（PastContinuous）用法（uses）過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的連續(xù)動(dòng)作。如：描述故事發(fā)生的背景或狀態(tài)。如：Hewassleepingunderatreewhenthestormbegan.Weweretalkingquietlyatthebarwhenafightbrokeout.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)用于同一個(gè)句子時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)描述故事發(fā)生

12、的背景，過去時(shí)說明該事件。如：Intheend,Iwasstandingthereinastateofshockwhenapolicemanaskedmeformynameandaddress.HewashavinglunchwhentheearthquakewasreportedonTV.形式（Form）was/were+動(dòng)詞-ing.如：Hewasworkinginthegardenalthoughitwasraininghard.Thetrapezeartistwaspreparingheract.Wasthetrapezeartistpreparingheract?Thetrapeze

13、artistwasntpreparingheract.5.此刻進(jìn)行時(shí)（PresentContinuous）(1)用法uses表示說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。如：Excuseme,youaresittinginmyseat.Myagentiswaitingforme,Ihavetogo.WearestudyingEnglishnow.b.表示一準(zhǔn)時(shí)間段內(nèi)常常進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作（臨時(shí)的平時(shí)活動(dòng)或習(xí)慣）。如：WeareeatingalotofseafoodhereinSpain.Wearestrugglingwithbackwardnessandpoverty.已經(jīng)確立或安排好的未來活動(dòng)。如：(2).形式form

14、am,is,are+動(dòng)詞-ing.Iamstayingataluxurioushotelbythesea.Grandpaisforgettingthingsnowadays.AretheyplanningtospendtheirholidaysinCorsica?(3).此刻進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語（PresentContinuousandtimeadverbials）常有的有：just,now,atthemoment,atpresent.這些時(shí)間狀語可放在be和v-ing之間，能夠放在句尾，也能夠放在句首。Iamjustdrivingtowork.Wearehavingameetingatthemo

15、ment/now/atpresent.Atpresent,manyscientistsarelookingforintelligentformsoflifeoutsidetheEarth.(4)動(dòng)詞-ing的拼寫規(guī)則a.一般狀況下直接加ing,如：think-thinkingsleep-sleepingspeak-speakingb.動(dòng)詞詞尾是輔音字母加不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的，去掉字母e，再加ingwake-wakingmake-makingcome-comingtake-takingleave-leavinghave-havingc.以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，體現(xiàn)“輔，元，輔”構(gòu)造的動(dòng)詞，先雙寫末端的

16、輔音字母，再加ing。begin，cut,get,hit,run,set,sit,spit,stop,swim,beg,drop,fit,nod,dig,forget,regret,rid,put,travel等。d.以y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,直接加ingcarrycarryingenjoyenjoyingstudy-studyinge.以ie結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，把ie改為y，再加ingdie-dyinglie-lying6.未來進(jìn)行時(shí)（FutureContinuous）will/begoingto+be+動(dòng)詞-ing.Thistimetomorrow,wewillbecrossingtheAtlantic.W

17、edbettermovethediningtableintothekitchen.Wewillbeeatingthereduringthewinter.7.過去達(dá)成時(shí)（thePastPerfect）過去達(dá)成時(shí)表示過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作從前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或達(dá)成了的動(dòng)作.它表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間是“過去的過去”.Hiseyesshonebrightlywhenhefinallyreceivedthemagazinehehadlongexpected.當(dāng)她終于收到她期望已久的雜志時(shí),她喜悅得兩眼閃光.Bythetimehewastwelve,Edisonhadbeguntomakealivingbyhimself

18、.12歲時(shí),愛迪生就開始自己糊口.過去達(dá)成時(shí)的用法過去達(dá)成時(shí)的主要用法和此刻達(dá)成時(shí)同樣.不一樣的是,過去達(dá)成時(shí)把時(shí)間推移到了過去某一時(shí)間從前,與此刻沒關(guān).（1）過去達(dá)成時(shí)表示在過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作從前已經(jīng)達(dá)成了的動(dòng)作.這個(gè)過去的時(shí)間狀語有by,before等介詞短語或when,before等指引的從句.Helenhadleftherkeysintheofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusbandcamehome.海倫把鑰匙忘到辦公室里了,所以她不得不等她丈夫回來.Whenwegottothecinema,thefilmhadalreadybegun.當(dāng)我們抵達(dá)電影院時(shí),電

19、影已經(jīng)開始了.HetoldmethathehadvisitedtheGreatWallbefore.他告訴我他從前觀光過長(zhǎng)城.Bytheendofthematch,theyhadkicked2goals,andwehadkicked4.競(jìng)賽結(jié)束時(shí),他們踢進(jìn)了2個(gè)球而我們踢進(jìn)了4個(gè)球.WhenJackarrivedhelearnedMaryhadbeenawayforalmostanhour.杰克抵達(dá)后得悉瑪麗走了近一個(gè)小時(shí)了.（2）表示動(dòng)作在過去某一時(shí)間從前開始,向來連續(xù)到過去的這一時(shí)間,并且還可能連續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作,常和for,since組成的短語或指引的從句連用.Thenewscameasno

20、surprisetome.Ihadknownforsometimethatthefactorywasgoingtoshutdown.聽到這個(gè)信息我其實(shí)不感覺驚訝.工廠要破產(chǎn)這件事我早就知道了.BythetimeIlefttheschool,hehadtaughttheclassfor3years.到我畢業(yè)時(shí),他已經(jīng)教那個(gè)班三年了.Hesaidhehadmadegreatprogresssincehecamehere.他說自從他來這里他已經(jīng)獲得了很大進(jìn)步.（3）用于表示與過去事實(shí)相反的虛構(gòu)條件從句或在asif從句中表示與過去事實(shí)相反。如：Ifhehadseenyouyesterday,hewou

21、ldhaveaskedyouaboutit.若是他昨天看到你,他就會(huì)問你這件事了.IshouldhavecalledyouifIhadknownyourtelephonenumber.若是我過去知道你的電話號(hào)碼,我就給你打電話了.Hedescribedthesceneasifhehadbeenthere.他描述的風(fēng)景仿佛他去過那邊同樣.HadIknownthatyouwantedthebook,Iwouldhavesentit.假如我知道你要這本書,我會(huì)送來的.8.此刻達(dá)成時(shí)（thePresentPerfect）發(fā)生在過去但對(duì)此刻有影響的動(dòng)作。如：topenthedoor)Ilostmykey

22、s.Ihavelostmykeys.(Ican丟鑰匙的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，即鑰匙已經(jīng)丟了。Herlastbookhasbeenagreatsuccess.(sheisaIhavewalkedacrosstheAmazonjungle.(ItdoesnIdidthat.)Haveyouevereatensweetpotatoes?IhaveoftendreamtaboutgoingtotheSouthPole.well-knownpersonnow.)tmatterwhenexactly（2）表示到此刻為止已經(jīng)達(dá)成的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。常和always,since,for,allmylife等時(shí)間狀語

23、連用。如：IhavebeenofferedascholarshipatauniversityinCanadaformyfurthereducation.Mr.WanghasleftBeijingforNewYork.Herfatherhasrecoveredfromhisillness.Ihavealwayslovedtravel.Howlonghaveyoubeenatravelwriter?Ihaveknownhimsince2008.形式（form）have/has+動(dòng)詞過去分詞Hehashadthiscoughforalongtime.Haveyoufinishedyourhomewo

24、rk?Hasnthedecidedwhattodo?Theyhaventseeneachotherfortenyears.規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去分詞形式和過去式形式同樣，不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去分詞和過去式有些略有差別。（3）此刻達(dá)成時(shí)及其時(shí)間狀語（PresentPerfectandtimeadverbials）a.before,ever,never,seldom,sometimes,often,usually,just往常放在has/have以后，有時(shí)也放在句尾。如：Haveyoueverthoughtaboutbecominganarchitect?WeveneverheardthestoryofRipV

25、anWinklebefore?Ihaveoftentriedtostudyviolin,alwayswithunsuccessfulresults.b.already往常用于必定句have/has以后，yet往常用于疑問句和否認(rèn)句的句尾。如：Ihavealreadyrepairedmybike.Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?Ihaventfinishedmylunchyet.c.for,since,allmylife.for表示動(dòng)作連續(xù)的時(shí)間。如：Ihavelivedinthistownfor17years.Ihaventseenherforages.since

26、表示動(dòng)作開始的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如：Wehaveknowneachothersincewewereatprimaryschool.9.未來達(dá)成時(shí)（theFuturePerfectshall/will+havedone）表示在未來某一時(shí)間從前已達(dá)成的動(dòng)作,并常常對(duì)未來某一時(shí)間產(chǎn)生影響.Pickmeupat8oclock,Iwillhavehadbreakfastbythen.清晨8點(diǎn)鐘你來接我,到時(shí)我已經(jīng)吃完早餐了.Wewillhavelearned12unitsbytheendofthisterm.到這個(gè)學(xué)期末,我們將學(xué)完12個(gè)單元.BythetimeyougethomeIwillhavecleaned

27、thehousefromtoptobottom.你到家從前我將把房屋完全打掃一遍.Weshallhavefinishedtherepairstoyourcarbytomorrowmorning.Itwillbereadyforyouat11oclock.Bytomorrowmorning,theweatherwillhaveclearedup.(2)表示推測(cè),相當(dāng)于musthavedone構(gòu)造.Youwillhaveheardofthis,Iguess.我想你已經(jīng)聽聞過這件事了.Iamsurehewillhavegottheinformation.我相信他必定會(huì)獲得這個(gè)信息.Theywereh

28、usbandandwifeforfiveyears.Shewonthaveforgottenhim.Theboyisverysmart.Bythetimeheis18yearsold,hewillhavelearnedadvancedmathematicsallbyhimself.表示某種狀態(tài)向來連續(xù)到說話人所說起的時(shí)間.WewillhavebeenmarriedayearonJune25th.到6月25日我們倆成婚就滿1年了.過去未來時(shí)過去未來常常可用來表示過去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，也可表示未能實(shí)現(xiàn)的過去未來時(shí)間的動(dòng)作.was/were（not）goingto+動(dòng)詞原形；would（not）+動(dòng)詞原

29、形;與一般過去時(shí)的組成同樣，只要把助動(dòng)詞shall,will,或be改為相應(yīng)的過去式should，would,was/were即可。(1)would+動(dòng)詞原形組成過去未來時(shí),常表示依據(jù)計(jì)劃或安排馬上發(fā)生的事.如：Hesaidhewouldcometoseeme.他說他要來看我.HetoldmehewouldgotoBeijing.他告訴我他將去北京.（2）was/were+goingto+動(dòng)詞原形也可表示依據(jù)計(jì)劃或安排馬上發(fā)生的事.Shesaidshewasgoingtostartatonce.她說她將立刻出發(fā).Iwastoldthathewasgoingtoreturnhome.有人告訴我他

30、準(zhǔn)備回家.3）was/were+goingto+動(dòng)詞原形還可表示依據(jù)當(dāng)時(shí)狀況判斷有可能但不必定會(huì)發(fā)生某事.如：Itseemedasifitwasgoingtorain.看來仿佛要下雨.此刻達(dá)成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的差別（1）句子中有確立的過去時(shí)間的狀語，應(yīng)當(dāng)用一般過去時(shí)。如：Ihaveseenthefilm.此刻達(dá)成時(shí)經(jīng)過達(dá)成了的過去的動(dòng)作重申對(duì)此刻狀況的影響。表示動(dòng)作對(duì)此刻的影響是這一時(shí)態(tài)的重要特色。一般此刻時(shí)只單單說明過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的某動(dòng)作，不表示與此刻的聯(lián)系。如：Ihavelostmykey.Ilostmykeyyesterday.Hehasinjuredhisankle.Heinjuredhi

31、sanklethismorning.此刻達(dá)成時(shí)的時(shí)間視未達(dá)成的或許說話時(shí)剛才完了的一段時(shí)間，包含說話時(shí)間在內(nèi)。而一般過去時(shí)是已經(jīng)終結(jié)了的成為過去的時(shí)間，與此刻沒關(guān)。如：HehaslivedinShanghaisinceheleftschool.HelivedinShanghaiuntilhewas16.Ihaveseenhimthreetimesthismorning.Isawhimthreetimesthismorning.典型例題1.Thehousebelongstomyauntbutshe_hereanymore.A.hasntlivedB.didntliveC.hadntlivedD.

32、doesntlive【分析】此題考察動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。其句意為“這所房屋是我阿姨的，但她（此刻）不住這兒了?！敝傅氖谴丝痰木幼顩r，故D項(xiàng)切合?！久}立意】時(shí)態(tài)題要依照句中出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)或時(shí)間狀語來判斷。2._leaveattheendofthismonth.Idontthinkyoushoulddothatuntil_anotherjob.A.Imgoingto;youdfoundB.Imgoingto;youvefoundC.Ill;youllfindD.Ill;youdfind【分析】begoingto按計(jì)劃，打算將要做某事。此句意為“我打算在這個(gè)月底走開?！薄拔乙詾樵谀銢]有找到另一份工作從

33、前你不該當(dāng)走開。”【答案】B【命題立意】此題是對(duì)時(shí)態(tài)基本用法的考察。Wheredidyouputthecarkeys?Oh,I_putthemonthechairbecausethephonerangasI_in.A.remembered;comeB.remembered;wascomingC.remember;cameD.remember;wascoming【分析】remember是說話者說話時(shí)的思想活動(dòng)，應(yīng)用一般此刻時(shí)。remember賓語從句的內(nèi)容發(fā)生在從前，故用過去時(shí)態(tài)。【答案】C【命題立意】此題考察時(shí)態(tài)的基本用法，做題時(shí)要將自己融入題目，身臨其境。Theyounggirlsittin

34、gnexttomeontheplanewasverynervous.She_before.A.hadntflownB.didntflyC.hadntflownD.wasntflying【分析】作生在wasnervous從前【答案】C【命立意】本考去達(dá)成。5._myglasses?Yes,Isawthemonyourbedaminuteago.A.DoyouseeB.HadyouseenC.WouldyouseeD.Haveyouseen【分析】在達(dá)成可表去生的事情在生的影響或果，人以的可作焦慮的心情。故答案D。6.Youdontneedtodescribeher.I_herseveraltim

35、es.A.hadmetB.havemetC.metD.meet7.Doyouknowourtownatall?No,thisisthefirsttimeI_here.A.wasB.havebeenC.cameD.amgoing【分析】依據(jù)this/itisthefirst/second/timesb.hasdonesth.B。又如：ThisisthesecondtimehehasvisitedtheGreatWall.句型，可定答案的精1.Whatwouldyoudoifit_tomorrow?Wehavetocarryiton,sincewevegoteverythingready.A.ra

36、inB.rainsC.willrainD.israining2.Theherosstory_differentlyinthenewspapers.A.wasreportedB.wasreportingC.reportsD.reported3.Althoughmedicalscience_controloverseveraldangerousworriesusisthatsomeofthemarereturning.A.achievedB.hasachievedC.willachieveD.hadachieved4.Ifwe_nowtoprotecttheenvironment,welllivetoregretit.A.hadnt