高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法精品教案：專題9動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)

1、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)始終是歷年高考的必考點(diǎn)；主要考查考生在特定語(yǔ)境下對(duì)時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的懂得,其中現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)、過(guò)去 完成時(shí)的運(yùn)用顯現(xiàn)得最為頻繁；此外,為了增加試題的區(qū)分度,命題者仍常常把動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)以及主謂一樣結(jié)合在一起考查；在解題時(shí)要留意以下幾個(gè)問(wèn)題：1這個(gè)動(dòng)作可能發(fā)生在什么時(shí)間？題干中可參照的時(shí)間信息有哪 些？2這個(gè)動(dòng)作處于什么狀態(tài)？是進(jìn)行中,仍是已終止完成？限制或修飾這個(gè)動(dòng)作的狀語(yǔ)信息有哪些？3這個(gè)動(dòng)作與主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系,是主動(dòng)仍是被動(dòng)？只要全面細(xì)致地考慮了這些問(wèn)題,試題的答案也就水落石出 了；一、 動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和用法類別意義例句1 / 34 現(xiàn)一1.主要表示現(xiàn)在的特點(diǎn)、狀態(tài)、I

2、play ping pong 在般常常性動(dòng)作或客觀事實(shí)等；2.用quite well, but I 時(shí)現(xiàn)havent had time to 在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句play since the new 態(tài)在中,表示將來(lái)；3. 少數(shù)表示動(dòng)作year. If it rains 時(shí)起止的動(dòng)詞有時(shí)也可用一般現(xiàn)在tomorrow, will you 類別時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí),表示一個(gè)按still go ？ The plane for Canada 規(guī) 定 、 計(jì) 劃 或 安 排 要 發(fā) 生 的 動(dòng)leaves at 9 ：15. 作；例句意義現(xiàn)現(xiàn)1.表示說(shuō)話時(shí)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行My brother is

3、 在在的動(dòng)作；reading an 時(shí)進(jìn)2. 與副詞always ,continually ,interesting novel these days. 態(tài)行constantly,never等連用時(shí)表You are always 時(shí)示厭惡或頌揚(yáng)等的感情顏色；forgetting the 3.go , come , leave , start,important things. stay等少數(shù)表示來(lái)、去、開(kāi)頭、Were moving to the new building 離開(kāi)等意義的瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)next week. 可以表示一個(gè)按規(guī)定、方案或安排好的將要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作；2 / 34 類別意義例

4、句現(xiàn)現(xiàn)1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的兩種意義： 表They have 在在示動(dòng)作發(fā)生于過(guò)去,對(duì)現(xiàn)在有一cleaned the 時(shí)完定的影響或結(jié)果；表示動(dòng)作或classroom. 即 ：態(tài)成狀態(tài)過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)頭,連續(xù)到現(xiàn)在The room is clean now. 時(shí)而且可能連續(xù)下去；He has lived in 2. 短暫性動(dòng)詞在確定句中不行與this country for 40 表示時(shí)間段的 for, since 等連 years. Once you have 用；made a promise, 3. 可用在表時(shí)間、條件、讓步的 you shouldnt 狀語(yǔ)從句中,表示將來(lái)某時(shí)以前 break it.

5、 已完成的動(dòng)作；It is the first time that I have 4.在 It is the first/ second been here. time that句型中, that從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；類別意義例句3 / 34 現(xiàn)現(xiàn)1.表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻開(kāi)頭的動(dòng)Ive been sitting 在在作始終連續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,現(xiàn)在可能剛here all day. 時(shí)完剛終止,也可能仍要連續(xù)；Now that she is out of a job, Lucy 態(tài)成2. 表示瞬時(shí)意義的動(dòng)詞不能用于has been 進(jìn)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)；considering going 行意義back

6、to school, but she hasnt decided 時(shí)yet. 類別例句過(guò)一1.主要表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的情形If the weather 去般或 動(dòng) 作 包 括 過(guò) 去 習(xí) 慣 性 的 動(dòng)had been better, 時(shí)過(guò)we could have had 作 ；2. 所表達(dá)的大事與現(xiàn)在無(wú)a picnic. But it 態(tài)去關(guān)； 3. 即使是剛剛發(fā)生的事情也rained all day. 時(shí)要用過(guò)去時(shí)；Sorry. I didnt know you were here. 類別意義例句4 / 34 過(guò)過(guò)1.表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間正進(jìn)行的動(dòng)As she was 去去作 ；通常有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

7、從句 ,或reading the 時(shí)進(jìn)newspaper, Granny 有上下文提示； 2.與副詞 always, fell asleep. My 態(tài)行continually, constantly, nevergrandfather was 時(shí)等連用時(shí)表示厭惡或頌揚(yáng)等的感always forgetting 情顏色； 3.go , come ,leave ,things. Mr. Smith start, stay等 少 數(shù) 表 示 來(lái) 、said he was leaving 去、開(kāi)頭、離開(kāi)等意義的瞬時(shí)動(dòng)for London soon. 詞 的 進(jìn) 行 時(shí) 可 以 表 示 一 個(gè) 按 規(guī)

8、定、方案或支配好的過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí) 間將要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作；類別意義例句過(guò)過(guò)1.表示某一動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)發(fā)生By nine oclock 去去在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前,即last night, we had 時(shí)完“ 過(guò) 去 的 過(guò) 去 ” ；可 以 用by ,got 200 pictures from the 態(tài)成before等介詞短語(yǔ)或一個(gè)時(shí)間狀spaceship. I had 時(shí)語(yǔ)從句來(lái)表示,也可以用一個(gè)表示been at the bus 過(guò)去的動(dòng)作來(lái)表示,仍可能通過(guò)上stop for 20 下文來(lái)表示； 2.表示由過(guò)去的某一5 / 34 minutes when a bus finally came

9、. 時(shí)刻開(kāi)頭,始終連續(xù)到過(guò)去另一時(shí)They to had 間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),常和for, sincewanted help 構(gòu) 成 的 時(shí) 間 狀 語(yǔ) 連 用 ； 3. 動(dòng) 詞but could not get there in time. think , want , hope , mean ,Hardly had he plan,intend 等用過(guò)去完成時(shí)來(lái)表begun to speak 示過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的想法、期望、打when the audience interrupted him. 算 或 意 圖 等；4. 用 在hardly when ,no sooner than,It was t

10、he first second, etc. time that 等固定句型中；類別意義例句 He said he would come and help me if necessary. I was just about to explain when he interrupted me. 例句過(guò)過(guò)1.常 用 于 賓 語(yǔ) 從 句 或 間 接 引 語(yǔ)去去中； 2.was/were about to 時(shí)將do when 剛要做某事這時(shí) 態(tài)來(lái)時(shí)類別意義6 / 34 將will 其特別用法：I will be 17 next shallmonth. 來(lái)1單純的將來(lái)；時(shí)do 2說(shuō)話時(shí)臨時(shí)的準(zhǔn)備；Sorr

11、y, I forgot to post your letter. 態(tài)It doesnt matter. I will go and post it myself. 將類別意義例句be 1. 依據(jù)方案準(zhǔn)備做即說(shuō)話Ann is in 來(lái)going hospital. 時(shí)早已有的準(zhǔn)備 ；時(shí)to do Yes, I know. Im 2 根 據(jù) 客 觀 跡 象 預(yù) 示going to visit her 態(tài)著 ；tomorrow. Look at the clouds. It is going to rain. 類別意義例句將be 1. 表示按方案要發(fā)生的事或The president is to 來(lái)

12、to visit the school next 表示命令、職責(zé)、義務(wù)、要時(shí)求等；week. You are to do your 態(tài)do 2 可以用于條件句,表示homework before you 7 / 34 “想,想要做 ；”watch TV. 相 當(dāng) 于3be to do 結(jié)構(gòu)有時(shí)仍可should, ought to 以表示 “注定了 ”；If you are to pass the exams, you will have to study harder from now on. They were never to meet again. 將類別意義例句to be 表 示 即

13、將 發(fā) 生 的 動(dòng) 作 , 意We are about 來(lái)about 為：很快,立刻；后面一般leave. 時(shí)to 不跟時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)；常與when 態(tài)do 連用, 構(gòu)成句型 “ be about to do when ” 剛要做 這時(shí) 二、幾種易混時(shí)態(tài)的辨析1一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)而現(xiàn)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示常常性的、習(xí)慣性的或狀態(tài)性的行為；在進(jìn)行時(shí)就具有進(jìn)行性、未完成性和臨時(shí)性的特點(diǎn)；如：On the wall hangs a picture painted by Qi Baishi. This is not my coat. Mine is hanging behind the door. 8 / 34

14、 如：2022重慶卷 The palace caught fire three times in the last century,and little of the original building _ now.Aremains Bis remained Cis remaining Dhas been remained 【解讀】A考查動(dòng)詞用法準(zhǔn)時(shí)態(tài)；remain作不及物動(dòng)詞用,表示 “剩下,仍有 ”,只能用于主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),不行直接跟賓語(yǔ)；結(jié)合語(yǔ)境應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示現(xiàn)狀；2一般過(guò)去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)所表達(dá)的大事與現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān)；而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)就強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì) 現(xiàn)在的影響和結(jié)果；如：I stayed in

15、Beijing for five days. Then I went to America. I am not in Beijing now. I have stayed in Beijing for five days and havent decided where to go next. I am still in Beijing now and dont know where to go next.2022北京卷 Im sorry ,but I dont quite follow you. Did you say you wanted to return on September 20

16、.Sorry ,I _myself clear. We want to return on October 20.9 / 34 Ahadnt made Bwouldnt make Cdont make Dhavent made 【解讀】 D 此題考查時(shí)態(tài)和情形交際；答句句意為：愧疚,我仍沒(méi)有把我的意思表達(dá)明白,強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響,用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)；3一般過(guò)去時(shí)和過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或過(guò)去存在的狀態(tài)；過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)就表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)或時(shí)間段正在做某事；進(jìn)行時(shí)具有進(jìn)行性、未完成性和臨時(shí)性的特點(diǎn)；如：I read a book last month. 書(shū)已經(jīng)在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)讀完

17、I was reading a book last month. 書(shū)未讀完 Has Sam finished his homework today. I have no idea. He _it this morning. Adid Bhas done Cwas doing Dhad done 【解讀】 C 此題簡(jiǎn)單誤選 A；依據(jù) I have no idea 這一關(guān)鍵信息可知,說(shuō)話者對(duì)是否完成并不知道,因此用進(jìn)行時(shí),表示今日上午在做；4一般過(guò)去時(shí)和過(guò)去完成時(shí)10 / 34 判定是不是過(guò)去完成時(shí)應(yīng)先從時(shí)間軸上找到表示“過(guò)去 ”的時(shí)間 點(diǎn)或動(dòng)作 ,然后判定在這個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)或動(dòng)作之前仍有沒(méi)有另一個(gè)動(dòng)

18、作,并且判定該句是否強(qiáng)調(diào) 發(fā)生在前；The moment I got home, I found I had left my jacket on the playground.5完成時(shí)和完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法比較 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和過(guò)去完成時(shí)分別表示某一動(dòng)作連續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或過(guò)去 某一時(shí)間；現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)雖然也表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作 連續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或過(guò)去某一時(shí)間,但更強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的連續(xù)性；完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào) 動(dòng)作的結(jié)果,完成進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的連續(xù)；如：1 Why does the river smell terrible. Because the water_. Ahave polluted Bis being pollu

19、ted Chas been polluted Dhave been polluted 【解讀】C考查完成時(shí)和完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法和主謂一樣；根據(jù)問(wèn)句可知所填動(dòng)詞表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響,時(shí)態(tài) 用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；主語(yǔ)是 the water ,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),選 C； 2 He _ articles for our newspaper these years, 11 / 34 and he _about 40 articles. Ahas written；has written Bhas been writing；writes Cis writing ；has

20、been writing Dhas been writing；has written 【解讀】D 考查完成時(shí)和完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法；由句意知“這些 年 他 一 直 在 寫(xiě) ” , 用 written ；三、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)has been writing ； “ 已 寫(xiě) 完 了 ” 用 has 動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)反映主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間的一種關(guān)系；動(dòng)詞 的語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩種：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所 表示的動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)是謂 語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作的承擔(dān)者時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；在主動(dòng)語(yǔ) 態(tài)中,句子通過(guò)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的不同形式表達(dá)出不同的時(shí)態(tài)形式；被動(dòng) 語(yǔ)態(tài)由 “助動(dòng)詞 be 過(guò)

21、去分詞 ”構(gòu)成,不同的時(shí)態(tài)通過(guò) be 的不同形 式表達(dá)；其被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成方法與一般的及物動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成 方法相同；常用被動(dòng)構(gòu)成以 ask常用被動(dòng)構(gòu)成為例 was/were being 語(yǔ)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)1 一般現(xiàn)在am/is/are 6 過(guò)去進(jìn)行asked asked 時(shí)時(shí)12 / 34 2 一般過(guò)去was/were 7 現(xiàn)在完成have/has been asked asked 時(shí)時(shí)3 一般將來(lái)shall/will be 8 過(guò)去完成had been asked asked will/would have 時(shí)時(shí)would be 4 過(guò)去將來(lái)9 將來(lái)完成asked been asked 時(shí)時(shí)5 現(xiàn)在

22、進(jìn)行am/is/are 10 含有情態(tài)can/must/may be 時(shí)being asked 動(dòng)詞的被asked 動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)注 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的否定式是在第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后加意 not ,短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)不行漏掉其中的介詞或副事 詞；如： Trees should not be planted in summer. The 項(xiàng) boy was made fun of by his classmates. “get 過(guò)去分詞 ”可以表示被動(dòng),此結(jié)構(gòu)比較口語(yǔ)化；如：She got married last week. He fell off the car and got killed. 漢語(yǔ)有一

23、類句子不顯現(xiàn)主語(yǔ),在英語(yǔ)中一般可用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表示；如：It is believed that It is generally considered that It is said that It is well 13 / 34 known that It must be pointed out that It is supposed that It is reported that It must be admitted that It is hoped that注 不 不及物動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ)沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),如：happen, take 意用place, last, break out, come ab

24、out, come out等；事被如： The book came out last year. The meeting 項(xiàng)動(dòng)lasted about 4 hours without reaching any 語(yǔ)agreement. 態(tài)系 動(dòng) 詞 look, sound, feel, smell, taste, appear, 的seem, go, prove, turn, stay, become, fall, get, grow, 情keep等 都 沒(méi) 有 被 動(dòng) 語(yǔ) 態(tài) ； 如 ： The food tastes 況good.The cloth feels soft. His plan

25、proved to be practical. It has gone bad. 表示主語(yǔ)的某種屬性特點(diǎn)的動(dòng)詞不需用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；如read, write, act, cut, draw, drive, sell, wash, open, lock, shut, dry, start ；這類動(dòng)詞一般不單獨(dú)使用,常用一個(gè)修飾語(yǔ)；如：The book sells well. 這本書(shū)很暢銷；My pen wont write. 我的筆寫(xiě)不出字來(lái)；This coat dries easily. 這種外衣簡(jiǎn)單干；The door wont lock. 這門鎖不上；The engine wont 14 / 3

26、4 start. 引擎發(fā)動(dòng)不起來(lái)；The cloth washes well. 這布很耐洗；1Hi, Lucy, you look tired. Im really tired. I _the living room all day. Apainted Bhad painted Chave been painting Dhave been painted C 與 D 的區(qū)分,而誤選 D；【誤】 同學(xué)簡(jiǎn)單辨論不清【正】C 表示我一成天都在刷房子,應(yīng)當(dāng)用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行 時(shí)；2Nancy is not coming tonight. But she _！promise【誤】 But she has p

27、romised. 【正】 But she promised. 【解讀】 Nancy“答應(yīng)要來(lái) ”這個(gè)動(dòng)作應(yīng)當(dāng)發(fā)生在過(guò)去,是過(guò)去作出的承諾,前文已告知我們“她不來(lái)了 ”,因此諾言已跟現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有關(guān)系,只是過(guò)去的一個(gè)動(dòng)作；3托尼給我打電話時(shí),我剛完成工作,要開(kāi)頭洗澡；15 / 34 【誤】 When Tony phoned me I had just finished my work and started to take a shower. 【正】 When Tony phoned me I had just finished my work and was starting to take a s

28、hower. 【解讀】 從關(guān)鍵信息 I had just finished my work 可以看出 是“剛要開(kāi)頭洗澡 ”應(yīng)當(dāng)是進(jìn)行時(shí), was starting 可以表示立刻就要 進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作；而 started 表示 “開(kāi)頭了 ”；4I dont really work here; I _until the new secretary arrives. Ajust help out Bhave just helped out Cam just helping out Dwill just help out 【誤】 此題易受第一句話的影響,而誤選 A；表示我現(xiàn)在只是在臨時(shí)幫忙,是現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的

29、動(dòng)【正】作,選 C；【解讀】一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在的、常常性的行為或狀態(tài),而 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示正在進(jìn)行的、臨時(shí)性的動(dòng)作；5許多的鳥(niǎo)類正被人們捕殺；【誤】 Many birds are killed now. 【正】 Many birds are being killed now. 【解讀】現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)要完整,不能遺漏其中16 / 34 的助動(dòng)詞,導(dǎo)致時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤；12022上海卷 The church tower which_will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished. Ahas restored Bhas been

30、restored Cis restoring Dis being restored 【解讀】D 此題考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)； restore 意為 “修復(fù)”,而最 后一句說(shuō)明工程仍未完成,因此為正在修復(fù)中,選 D；22022北 京 卷 John was given the same suitcase his father and grandfather_ with them to school. Atook Bhad taken Cwere taking Dwould take 【答案】 B 32022遼寧卷 Excuse me, Marcia, a reporter from Vanity Fair_

31、 all day. Could you speak to her now. Aphones Bhas phoned Chas been phoning D phoned 【解讀】 C考查現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)；由all day 可以看出始終在打電話,此時(shí)仍舊在打,過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作連續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并仍在進(jìn)17 / 34 行,選 C；42022天津卷 My parents _ in Hong Kong. They were born there and have never lived anywhere else. Alive B lived C were living D will live 【解讀】 A 考查

32、時(shí)態(tài)；后句意思為：他們誕生在香港,從來(lái)沒(méi)有在別的地方住過(guò)；由此可知前句 現(xiàn)在時(shí),說(shuō)明事實(shí),選 A；“始終在香港住 ”,時(shí)態(tài)用一般52022江蘇卷 Ann is in hospital. I _go and visit Oh, really. I _know. her. Adidnt; am going to Bdont; would Cdont; will Ddidnt; will 【解讀】D 由答語(yǔ)中的 “Oh, really ？”可以看出, “我”是剛剛知道的,所以用 I didnt know 表示現(xiàn)在之前不知道； A 項(xiàng)中的am going to 表示“說(shuō)話時(shí)早有的準(zhǔn)備 ”,而 D 項(xiàng)中

33、的 will 就表示 “說(shuō)話時(shí)臨時(shí)的準(zhǔn)備 ”；6 2022上 海 卷 During the period of recent terrorist activities, people _not to touch any unattended bag.Ahad always been warned Bwere always being warned 18 / 34 Care always warning Dalways warned 【解讀】B依據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)可知是指過(guò)去,be always doing sth. 表示 “一種感情顏色 ”,并且人們與警告之間是被動(dòng)的關(guān)系,選B；7 He_ footb

34、all regularly for many years when he was young. Awas playing B played Chas played Dhad played 【解讀】 B 考查考生對(duì)題干中句子含義的懂得以及對(duì)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的把握情形；由題干中的“for many years”許多同學(xué)推斷出應(yīng)為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),但 “when he was young 這個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)說(shuō)明他打球是過(guò)去時(shí),未連續(xù)到現(xiàn)在；由“regularly 可知他過(guò)去常常打球,是一種過(guò)去的習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,選 B；82022全國(guó)卷 Linda ,make sure the tables _ before the gu

35、ests arrive. Abe set Bset Care set Dare setting 【解讀】C 考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)； make sure 意為 “確信,確?！?set tables 意為 “擺放桌子 ”,結(jié)合語(yǔ)境應(yīng)用被動(dòng)形式；92022全國(guó)卷 Excuse me. I_ I was blocking your way. 19 / 34 Adidnt realize Bdont realize Chavent realized Dwasnt realizing 【解讀】 A 考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)；這里應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示說(shuō)話之 前“沒(méi)有意識(shí)到 ”；10My friend went to Cana

36、da three years ago. He_ there for a few months and then went to America. Awas living Bhas lived Cwas lived Dlived 【解讀】 D 句意為：我的伴侶三年前去了加拿大,他在那里 住了幾個(gè)月,然后去了美國(guó)；由句意可知,住在加拿大這個(gè)情形發(fā)生在過(guò)去,且已經(jīng)終止,故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；112022四川卷 When shall we restart our business. Not until we _ our plan. Awill finish Bare finishing Care to fi

37、nish Dhave finished 【解讀】 D 考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)；狀語(yǔ)從句用現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí),這里表示方案完成后,所以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；12Have you read the book called Waiting for Anya.Who _it. Awrites B has written Cwrote D had written 20 / 34 【解讀】C此題考查時(shí)態(tài)；題干中的答句問(wèn)“誰(shuí)寫(xiě)的這本書(shū)？”說(shuō)明此書(shū)確定是過(guò)去寫(xiě)的,所以用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式；13 They_ two free tickets to Canada, otherwise theyd never have been able

38、to afford to go. Ahad got B got C have got D get 【解讀】 B 此題考查時(shí)態(tài)；句意為：他們得到了兩張去加拿大的免費(fèi)票,否就他們將永久也去不起；此題表達(dá)事實(shí),又發(fā)生在過(guò)去,選 B；14The singer together with her band _invited to the concert. Did you enjoy that party.No, no sooner _than they sang their top hit Oh My Baby. Awas; I had left Cwas; had I left Bwere; I ha

39、ve gone Dwere; did I leave 【解讀】C 主謂一樣、時(shí)態(tài)及倒裝的綜合考查；主語(yǔ) the singer 后面跟有 together with 引起的短語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與前面的主語(yǔ)一樣,所以要用 was；否定詞 no sooner 和 than 連用,且位于句首時(shí),用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),表示一件事緊接著另一件事發(fā)生,相當(dāng)于漢語(yǔ)的 “一 就 ”；152022四川卷 Youve failed to do what you _ to and Im afraid the teacher will blame you. Awill expect 21 / 34 Bwill be expecte

40、d Cexpected Dwere expected 【解讀】D 考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)；由語(yǔ)境 “老師將批判你 ”,知道你沒(méi)有完成應(yīng)當(dāng)做的,所以用過(guò)去時(shí),expect sb. to do sth. 意為“期待某人做某事 ”,此處要用被動(dòng)形式；162022安徽卷 Were you surprised by the ending of the film.No. I _ the book,so I already knew the story. Awas reading Bhad read Cam reading Dhave read 【解讀】B 考查時(shí)態(tài)；句意為：“你對(duì)電影結(jié)果感到驚訝嗎？ ” “不,我已

41、經(jīng)讀過(guò)這本書(shū),所以我已知道了這個(gè)故事；” “讀書(shū) ”是在“看電影 ”之前,故用過(guò)去完成時(shí)；172022全國(guó)卷 Have you finished reading Jane Eyre.No ,I _ my homework all day yesterday. Awas doing Bwould do 是信息詞,Chad done Ddo 【解讀】A考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)； all day yesterday示意用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)；182022遼寧卷 I _ all the cooking for my family,but recently Ive been too busy to do it. 22 / 3

42、4 Awill do Bdo Cam doing Dhad done 【解讀】 B 考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)；第一句表示通常、一般性的一種狀況,所以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)；句意為：我為一家人做飯,但是最近我太忙不能做了；19 2022全國(guó)卷 The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune _. Ais made Bwould make Cwas to be made Dhad made 【解讀】C 考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)；make a fortune 表“發(fā)財(cái)”,此處是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài), was to be made 表示過(guò)

43、去將來(lái)時(shí),相當(dāng)于would be made ；20 2022福建卷 Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs they _ before leaving their hometowns. Apromised Chave promised Bwere promised Dhave been promised 【解讀】 D 考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)；句意為：由于在離開(kāi)家鄉(xiāng)前被許諾的能掙錢的工作,每年大量的農(nóng)夫工涌入深圳；由句中 arrive 的時(shí) 態(tài) 可 知 此 處 的 時(shí) 態(tài) 是 現(xiàn) 在 時(shí) , 又

44、根 據(jù) before leaving their hometowns 可知在離開(kāi)家鄉(xiāng)前的承諾,強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果,所以該空應(yīng)為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；23 / 34 21 2022福建卷 Guess what ,weve got our visas for a short-term visit to the UK this summer. How nice ！You _ a different culture then. Awill be experiencing Bhave experienced Chave been experiencing Dwill have experienced 【解讀】 A 考查動(dòng)詞

45、時(shí)態(tài)；由第一句可知：我們已經(jīng)得到了暑假去英國(guó)旅行的短期簽證,再由其次句中then 可知：這是對(duì)去英國(guó)旅行的美好希望,動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生；因此時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)為將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)；22 2022 安徽卷 Weve spent too much money recently. Well , it isnt surprising. Our friends and relatives _ around all the time. Aare coming Bhad come Cwere coming Dhave been coming 【 解 讀 】D 考 查 時(shí) 態(tài) ； 句 意 為 ： “ 最 近 我 們 花 錢 太 多了；

46、” “一點(diǎn)也不古怪；我們始終有伴侶和親戚來(lái)；”句中顯現(xiàn)了明顯的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) recently 和 all the time；23 2022 北京卷 In the spoken English of some areas in the US, the “r ” at the end of the words _.24 / 34 Aare dropped Bdrop Care being dropped Dhave dropped 【解讀】 A此題考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)；the “r ” soundsdrop 之間構(gòu)成規(guī)律上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；題目描述的是習(xí)慣做法,要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)；24 2022

47、 北京卷 Im not finished with my dinner yet.But our friends _for us. Awill wait Bwait Chave waited Dare waiting 【解讀】 D 此題考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)；依據(jù)第一句話可知,雙方談?wù)摰氖钦诎l(fā)生的事情,故用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)；25 Unfortunately,when I got to her flat, she_,so we had only a moment for a few words. Ajust left Bhad just left Chas just left Dwas just leavi

48、ng 【解讀】D考查時(shí)態(tài)；從后半句的“所以我們僅用一會(huì)兒時(shí)間說(shuō)了幾句話 ”可知,當(dāng)說(shuō)話人到達(dá)那位女士的公寓時(shí),她剛要離 開(kāi),應(yīng)當(dāng)用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去立刻要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作；26 Has Tom already finished his new story. I have no idea. He _it last month. Ahad written Bwas writing Cwould write Dwrote 25 / 34 【解讀】 B 此題考查時(shí)態(tài)；過(guò)去某個(gè)動(dòng)作表示未完成或者不 知道有沒(méi)有完成時(shí),用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),句中是不知道有沒(méi)有完成,所以此題挑選 B 項(xiàng)；27 How come your

49、 father can read books in German. Well, he _on a project with some German engineers for 3 years when he was young. Aworked Bwas working Chad worked Dwould work 【解讀】 A考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)；盡管應(yīng)答句中有3 years 表時(shí)間段,但由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句可知此處是陳述過(guò)去的事實(shí),故用一般過(guò)去 時(shí),選 A；28 Whats the problem, Sir. You _at per hour. Aare driving Bdrive Cwere dr

50、iving least at a speed of about 100 miles Dhave been driving 【答案】 C 29 Are you still very busy. Yes,I _the report for the manager and it wont take long. 26 / 34 Ahave just finished Bam just finishing Chad just finished Dam just going to finish 【解讀】B考查現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表示將來(lái)的用法；依據(jù)“it wont take long推知,報(bào)告將要寫(xiě)完但并沒(méi)有寫(xiě)完

51、；30 What are you going to do this afternoon. I am going to the cinema with some friends. The film _quite early, so we _to the bookstore after that.Afinished; are going Cfinishes; are going Bfinished; go Dfinishes; go 【解讀】C 由問(wèn)句和答語(yǔ) I am going 可知,要用將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài),排除選項(xiàng) A 和 B；電影的開(kāi)頭和終止是電影院在時(shí)刻表中已有的方案,用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示,而表示最近的

52、準(zhǔn)備或支配,就可用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示；12022東北三省四市聯(lián)考 What that terrible noise,David.Oh,I forgot to tell you.The new machines in the nearby plant_.27 / 34 Awere tested Care being tested Bwill be tested Dhave been tested 解 讀 ：考 查 動(dòng) 詞 的 時(shí) 態(tài) ； 根 據(jù) 問(wèn) 句 中 的 What s that terrible noise 可知,這里應(yīng)當(dāng)用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),噪音是機(jī)器正在被檢測(cè)時(shí)發(fā)出的,所以用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；d

53、idn答案：C were arrested and 2 2022北京西城模擬 The attackers t know where they_.Awould take Bare taken Cwere being taken Dwill be taken 解讀：句意為：突擊者被捕了,他們不知道正被帶往何處；依據(jù) didnt know 可知,空格處也應(yīng)當(dāng)用過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài),所以 B、D 不正確；依據(jù)句意可知此處用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),應(yīng)選 C；答案：C 3 2022南 京 模 擬 People begin to know that most environmental problems exist becau

54、se necessary measures for preventing them_taken in the past.Aare not Bwere not Chadn t been Dwouldnt be解讀：句意為：人們開(kāi)頭明白到由于在過(guò)去沒(méi)有實(shí)行必要的28 / 34 預(yù)防措施從而造成了大多數(shù)的環(huán)境問(wèn)題；in the past 示意出用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)； hadn been 指在一個(gè)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或時(shí)間之前發(fā)生的事情；wouldn表過(guò)去將來(lái),故 B 項(xiàng)正確；答案：B 42022 日照市調(diào)研考試 Monitor. I m not monitor of our class.I_with the teach

55、er until the monitor is elected.Awill just help Cam just helping Bam just to help Dhave just helped 解讀：考查時(shí)態(tài)；下句意為：我只是在幫忙老師,直到選出班長(zhǎng)為止；依據(jù)上下句語(yǔ)意可知,此處用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),表示答話者 當(dāng)時(shí)所處的狀態(tài)；答案：C s.52022南京第一次模擬 I hear you_at SmithYes,I_there for about three months. Awork ；had been working Bworked ；was working Care working ；ha

56、ve been working Dworked ；have worked 解讀：此題考查時(shí)態(tài)；聽(tīng)說(shuō)你正在Smith上班,因此應(yīng)當(dāng)29 / 34 使用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)；我在那里已經(jīng)工作大約三個(gè)月了 可能仍會(huì)連續(xù)下去,因此需要使用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)；答案：C Why didnt you come to 62022海淀區(qū)其次學(xué)期期中練習(xí)the cinema with us last Saturday.Oh,sorry.But I_the film. Asee Bsaw Chave seen Dhad seen 解讀：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)；由語(yǔ)意可知,這個(gè)電影在上周六last Saturday 之前就已經(jīng)看過(guò)了,也就是說(shuō)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”,因此應(yīng)當(dāng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)；答案：D 72022 3 月濟(jì)南模擬 A big step _to strengthen Chinahealth care systems since we launched an eff ort in 2022.Ahas been taken Cwas taken Bis being