江蘇省沭陽縣潼陽中學(xué)高三英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 名詞性從句課件

1、 Noun Clauses二、分類：1、賓語從句： Noun clauses as the object 2、表語從句： Noun clauses as the predicative 3、主語從句： Noun clauses as the subject 4、同位語從句： Noun Clauses as the appositive一、定義：在主句中起名詞性作用、充當(dāng)賓語、表語、主語或同位語的從句。2021/8/8 星期日1 賓語從句在復(fù)合句中起賓語作用，可以作動(dòng)詞的賓語，也可以作介詞的賓語。引導(dǎo)賓語從句的詞有:連詞：that if whether；連接代詞：who whose what w

2、hich；連接副詞：when where how why等。賓語從句2021/8/8 星期日2The Object Clausee.g. I think (that) women can reach very high achievements in many fields of science.2) I wonder whether/if she remembered how many babies she had delivered.2021/8/8 星期日33) Do you know who/whom Jack was speaking to?4) He asked whose car

3、 it was.5) Pay attention to what the doctor said.6) Please tell me when the earthquake took place.7) Will you tell me how I can keep fit and healthy?2021/8/8 星期日4The Object Clause做動(dòng)詞的賓語 (1)大部分賓語從句直接跟在動(dòng)詞后： e.g. He doesnt know where the post office is. (2)有些賓語從句前要有間接賓語： e.g. He told me what I should r

4、ead2021/8/8 星期日5(3)如果賓語從句后面有賓語補(bǔ)足語，要使用形式賓語 it 而將從句放到補(bǔ)足語后面； e.g. I thought it strange that he failed to call me 我覺得奇怪：他沒給我打電話。The Object Clause2021/8/8 星期日6(4)在think, believe, suppose, expect等動(dòng)詞之后的賓語從句中，如果從句謂語是否定含義，則不用否定形式,而將主句謂語動(dòng)詞think等變?yōu)榉穸ㄐ问? e.g. I dont think you are right 我想你是不對(duì)的。2021/8/8 星期日7(5)

5、在think，believe，imagine，suppose，guess，hope等動(dòng)詞以及 Im afraid 等后，可用so代替一個(gè)肯定的賓語從句，還可用not代替一個(gè)否定的賓語從句：e.g. Do you believe it will clear up? 你認(rèn)為天氣會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)晴嗎? I believe so. 我認(rèn)為會(huì)這樣。 I dont believe so.(或I believe not.) 我認(rèn)為不會(huì)這樣。The Object Clause2021/8/8 星期日8 (1)一般情況下，賓語從句直接跟在謂語后; e.g. Did she say anything about how we

6、 should do the work? (2) that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句只有在except, in, but, besides等少數(shù)介詞后偶爾可能用到; 做介詞的賓語The Object Clause2021/8/8 星期日9e.g. Your article is all right except that it is too long (3)有時(shí)在介詞和其賓語從句的中間加形式賓語 it; e.g. Ill see to it that everything is ready 2021/8/8 星期日10that 引導(dǎo)的表語從句 that 僅起連接作用，無意義，在句中不作任何成分，通常不可省

7、略。這種從句往往是對(duì)主句主語的內(nèi)容起進(jìn)一步解釋的作用。e.g. The chance is that one smoker in four will die from smoking.在從句中作表語的從句稱作表語從句。表語從句2021/8/8 星期日112. whether 引導(dǎo)的表語從句 連接詞whether起連接作用， 意為“是否、究竟、到底”（注意：if不能引導(dǎo)表語從句) 在句中也不作任何成分。e.g. The question is whether what man will turn up in time.2021/8/8 星期日123. what, which, who, whom

8、, whose引導(dǎo)的表語從句 連接代詞what, which, who, whom, whose除在句子中起連接作用外，還可在從句中從當(dāng)主語、表語、定語，且各有各的詞義。The Predicative Clause2021/8/8 星期日13e.g. Tom is no longer what he used to be. The question is which of us should come first. The problem is who is really fit for the hard job. The important thing is whose name shoul

9、d be put on the top of the list.2021/8/8 星期日144. where, when, why, how引導(dǎo)的表語從句 連接副詞where, when, why, how除在句中起連接作用外，在從句中還充當(dāng)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、原因狀語，本身具有詞義。The Predicative Clause2021/8/8 星期日15e.g. Thats where I cant agree with you. This is why Sara was late for the meeting. This is how they overcome the difficult

10、ies. My strongest memory is when I attended an American wedding.2021/8/8 星期日165. 其他連詞as if, because, as, as though 引導(dǎo)的表語從句 because引導(dǎo)表語從句通常只用于“This/That/It is because”結(jié)構(gòu)中。 as if/though引導(dǎo)的表語從句常置于連系動(dòng)詞look, seem, sound, be, become等后面，常用虛擬語氣，表示不存在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。The Predicative Clause2021/8/8 星期日17e.g. It sounds

11、as if/though somebody was knocking at the door. My anger is because you havent written to me for a long time.2021/8/8 星期日181. Go and get your coat.Its_you left it. A.there B.where C.there were D.where there BExercises2021/8/8 星期日192.The problem is_ he has enough time. if B. whether C./ D. that B2021

12、/8/8 星期日203.He made a promise_ he would help me. A.what B.when C.that D.which C2021/8/8 星期日214.I remember_ this used to be a quiet village. A.how B.when C.where D.what B2021/8/8 星期日225.It is generally considered unwise to give a child_ he or she wants.A.however B.whatever C.whichever D.whereverB2021

13、/8/8 星期日23高考鏈接1.-Are you still thinking about yesterdays game? -Oh, thats_ . (2003北京春季)A. what makes me feel excitedB. whatever I feel excited about C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited A解析： 這是由what 引導(dǎo)的一個(gè)表語從句，在從句中充當(dāng)主語，這句話的意思為：那是使我感到興奮的事。故答案為A。2021/8/8 星期日242.-I drove to Zhuhai for the air s

14、how last week. -Is that_ you had a few days off? (NMET1999)A.why B.when C.what D.where 解析:這是一個(gè)由why引導(dǎo)的表語從句,表示原因.這句話的意思是這就是你離開的原因嗎?。故答案為A。A2021/8/8 星期日253.Perseverance is a kind of quality and thats _ it takes to do anything well. ( 2002上海春季) A. what B. that C. which D. why 解析:what在表語從句中作takes的賓語,構(gòu)成It

15、 takes sth. to do sth.的句型。答案為A。A2021/8/8 星期日264.When you answer questions in a job interview, please remember the golden rule: Always give the monkey exactly_ he wants . (2002上海春季) A.what B.which C.when D.that 解析:這是一個(gè)賓語從句,wants后面缺少賓語,Always give the monkey exactly what he wants是一句諺語,意思是永遠(yuǎn)給予他人他確實(shí)想要的東

16、西。故答案為A。A2021/8/8 星期日27在復(fù)合句中做主語用的名詞性從句稱主語從句。引導(dǎo)主語從句的有連詞that ，whether， 連接代詞who ，what ，which， 連接副詞when，where， how， why等。 主語從句：主語從句2021/8/8 星期日281.連接詞：1）從屬連詞：that， whether等.that 引導(dǎo)主語從句只起引導(dǎo)作用，本身無實(shí)際意義，在主語從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，但不能省略。 That she left him cut him to the heart.2021/8/8 星期日292)連接代詞who ，what ，which, whateve

17、r, whichever, whoever What seems easy to some people seems difficult to others.由whether及其他連詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句放在句首，句后都可。 Whether it will please them is not easy to say.2021/8/8 星期日303)連接副詞when，where， how， why等。Why he did it remains a mystery.2.位置： 主語從句可以前置，也可以后置。后置時(shí)用it做形式主語，把主語從句放在句末，常用下面幾種句型。1）It + be + 表語 +主

18、語從句表語：（名詞， 形容詞，過去分詞）2021/8/8 星期日312）It+不及物動(dòng)詞+主語從句It seemed (happened, doesnt matter, has turned out) that It is still uncertain whether he is coming or not.It happens that they were absent.It is a fact (a shame, a pity, good news) that2021/8/8 星期日323) It +及物動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)+主語從句It has been decided that the e

19、xhibition will not open on Sundays.注意:1）主語從句在句首時(shí)，必須由連接詞引導(dǎo)，不能省略這些連接詞；但是如果用it做形式主語，而把主語從句放在句末時(shí)，從屬連詞that在非正規(guī)語體中可以省略。2021/8/8 星期日33誤：They should like each other is natural.正：That they should like each other is natural.正：It is natural （that ）they should like each other.2)如果主語從句放在句首，不能用if引導(dǎo)，但是如果用it 做形式主語，

20、而把主語從句放在句末時(shí)，也可以用if引導(dǎo).誤：If Mary really heard him is really doubtful.正：It was doubtful if Mary really heard him.2021/8/8 星期日341.I have always been honest and straightforward, and it doesnt matter _that Im talking to.A. who is it B. who it is C. it is who D. it is whom 高考鏈接【試析】這個(gè)句子是一個(gè)由and連接的并列句。And后是一個(gè)

21、含有主語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)，其主句部分是it doesnt matter, 主語從句則是who it is that Im talking to.而在主語從句中，又有一個(gè)定語從句，修飾who. Who既是一個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞，也在it is中作表語.如果再細(xì)一點(diǎn)，說who是 (talking) to的介詞賓語也可以。 2021/8/8 星期日352. It is pretty well understood _ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today. A. that B. when C. what D. how 【

22、試析】主語從句中缺少做主語的成分，故選C.2021/8/8 星期日363. _ made the school proud was_ more than 90 of the students had been admitted to key universities. （2003上海春季）A. What; because B. What ; thatC. That ; what D. That ; because 【試析】what 在此作連接代詞，引導(dǎo)主語從句，并在從句中作主語。that引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)，只起引導(dǎo)作用，不作任何成分。2021/8/8 星期日37同位語從句Noun Clauses

23、as the appositive. 1.定義：在復(fù)合句中置于某一名詞后，具體說明名詞的內(nèi)容的從句稱為同位語從句。 e.g. He told me the news that he would come home from aboard soon. 他告訴我一個(gè)消息,他馬上要從國外回國。 e.g. I insisted upon an answer to my question whether he was coming or not. 我堅(jiān)持要求他回答我的問題：他來還是不來。2021/8/8 星期日38Noun Clauses as the appositive. 2.連接詞：從屬連詞：th

24、at, whether that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句中，that不充當(dāng)成分,只起連接作用。 e.g. He told me the news that he would come home from aboard soon. 他告訴我一個(gè)消息,他馬上要從國外回國。 whether引導(dǎo)的同位語從句，只用whether引導(dǎo),不用if。 e.g. I insisted upon an answer to my question whether he was coming or not. 我堅(jiān)持要求他回答我的問題：他來還是不來。2021/8/8 星期日39e.g. The question who sho

25、uld go abroad hasnt been decided yet. I have no idea which one I should choose. Next comes the question what you want to put in the box. what/which/who在引導(dǎo)的同位語從句從句中充當(dāng)成分。 連接代詞：what, who, which我不知道該選哪個(gè)。（定語）誰會(huì)出國這個(gè)問題還未決定。（主語） 其次就是這個(gè)問題：你要在盒子里放些什么。（賓語） 2021/8/8 星期日40黑洞是怎樣形成的，你的這個(gè)問題很難回答。 連接副詞：how, why，when,

26、 wheree.g. It is difficult to answer your question about how black holes came into being. 3. 同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別： 定語從句對(duì)先行詞起修飾、限制的作用；同位語從句具體說明它前面的名詞的內(nèi)容。 e.g. The news that you have heard is not true. (定語從句) 你聽到的消息不真實(shí)。 The news that our team has won is true. (同位語從句) 我們隊(duì)獲勝的消息是真的。 2021/8/8 星期日41that 在定語從句中擔(dān)任句

27、子成分，是關(guān)系代詞；在同位語從句中不擔(dān)任句子成分，是從屬連詞。 e.g. The fact that we talked about is very important. (定語從句) 我們所談?wù)摰氖聦?shí)是非常重要的。 The fact that we succeeded pleased everybody. (同位語從句) 我們成功了，這一事實(shí)讓大家很高興。 2021/8/8 星期日42The news that there are no lives on the moon is known to us all. 同位語從句 The news that you heard is not tru

28、e. 定語從句 Have you any idea who he went with? 同位語從句 Is there any hope that they will be home in time? The problem that you referred to doesnt exist at all. 同位語從句 定語從句 2021/8/8 星期日434.高考鏈接： 1. Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.(NMET2001上海) A. while B. that C. when D. as 2. She heard a terrible noise,_ brought her heart into her mouth.(MET91)A. it B. which C. this D. that 2021/8/8 星期日44 The fact _ she works hard is well k