高三語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)－動(dòng)詞不定式 完整版課件PPT

1、welcome非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞高三英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法過(guò)去分詞不定式-ing 形式非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的性質(zhì)它具有動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)，但在句子中起著名詞、形容詞、副詞的作用，充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)的作用，即：除謂語(yǔ)以外一切成分。 主語(yǔ) 定語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ) 表語(yǔ) 狀語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ) 足語(yǔ)不定式 過(guò)去分詞 v-ing 形式 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的作用To-infinitive動(dòng)詞不定式不定式的時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)不定式的否定形式不定式動(dòng)詞不定式的高考考點(diǎn)：不定式的語(yǔ)法功能不定式不定式的作用1例1 NMET 2000 第19題Ive work with children before, so I know what _ in my job.

2、 A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects解析該題考查疑問(wèn)+不定式在句中做賓語(yǔ)的用法。英語(yǔ)中有一些動(dòng)詞 后可以跟一個(gè)疑問(wèn)詞的不定式做賓語(yǔ)，如：tell, discuss, know, show, learn, decide, wonder, explain不定式的時(shí)態(tài)2例3 NMET 2007I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. having gone C. goi

3、ng D. to have gone不定式常和不定式完成式連用的動(dòng)詞還有：Would love, meant, hoped, planned, expected, promised, wish等 例如：I meant to have telephoned you, but I forgot.例4 NMET 2006Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in. to have studied B. to studyC. to be study D. to have been studying 不定式不定式

4、的否定形式3例5 NMET 1996年 The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation.A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eat解析 該題考查不定式的否定式作主補(bǔ)。要注意warn后跟詞方式， warn sb. not to do sth. warn sb. against doing sth. 該題應(yīng)該用結(jié)構(gòu)。兩外，not 應(yīng)放在to之前。 在大多數(shù)的動(dòng)詞可接不定式短語(yǔ)做賓補(bǔ)，只有少數(shù)動(dòng)詞（五個(gè)看see,watch,notice, observe,look at；三使役

5、make,let, have;二聽(tīng)listen to,hear等）須接不帶to 的不定式做賓補(bǔ)。動(dòng)詞不定式To do that sort of thing is foolish。I want to see you this evening.All you have to do is to finish it quickly.We found a house to live in.She came here to study English. I warned the patient not to eat cold water after the operation. 主語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ) 定語(yǔ) 狀語(yǔ)

6、 賓補(bǔ)作主語(yǔ)To master a foreign language is really important nowadays.To give up smoking is right.1.當(dāng)今掌握一門(mén)外語(yǔ)真的很重要。2. 放棄吸煙是對(duì)的。It作形式主語(yǔ),不定式作真主語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)句型:Its my duty to teach you how to learn English well. It requires patience to be a good teacher. a) It is + adj. (easy, important, difficult) + 不定式b) It is + n. (a

7、 pity, a pleasure, ones duty, a shame) + 不定式c) It takes/needs/requires + some time (hours, months, days, patience) + 不定式在It is + 形容詞 + of sb + 不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中，形容詞往往表示人物的性格和特征，如kind, silly, good, unwise, clever, foolish, stupid, careless, rude, impolite, honest, bad等。在“It is + 形容詞 + for sb + 不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，形容詞通常表示事物

8、的性質(zhì)，如important, possible, impossible, necessary, difficult, hard, reasonable等。 It is + 形容詞 + for / of sb + 不定式結(jié)構(gòu)比較It is good of you to help me with my English.你真好，幫助我學(xué)英語(yǔ)。(強(qiáng)調(diào)you的特征=You are good to help me.)It is good for you to give up smoking.戒煙對(duì)你有好處。(強(qiáng)調(diào)的是give up smoking這一行為= For you to give up smok

9、ing is good.)作賓語(yǔ)Fred didnt have any money, so he decided to look for a job.He promised not to tell anyone about it.1. Fred 沒(méi)有錢(qián)，所以他決定找一份工作。2. 他答應(yīng)不告述任何人這事。不定式作賓語(yǔ)： 1.常用不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞： want, wish, hope, seem, fail, offer, manage, pretend, promise, prepare, learn, expect, agree, determine, decide, refuse inte

10、nd, etc. 2.有些動(dòng)詞可接不定式，有些可接動(dòng)名詞。無(wú)太大區(qū)別。但不定式表具體，動(dòng)名詞表抽象。They prefer staying indoors when the weather is cold.天冷時(shí)他們喜歡呆在室內(nèi)。(泛指)Would you prefer to stay at home this evening?今晚你想待在家里嗎？(具體)3. 但有些后接不定式和動(dòng)名詞表示的意義不同regret,forget,remember:接不定式表示沒(méi)做， 接動(dòng)名詞表示做完. try doing ,試用某種辦法做某事; try to do 表示努力做某事lets try doing th

11、e work some other day.Try to work hard, and then you will success. 2005年天津卷12題：I dont want _ like Im speaking ill of anybody, but the managers plan is unfair.A. to sound B. to be sounded C. sounding D. to have sounded注意：1.當(dāng)不定式短語(yǔ)比賓補(bǔ)長(zhǎng)時(shí), 往往將不定式放到賓補(bǔ)后, 而用先行代詞it作形式賓語(yǔ), 常用動(dòng)詞有feel, think, find, believe, cons

12、ider, make等。The cat felt it terrible to take roller coaster.2.只有少數(shù)介詞如but, except等后面可以跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)。一般情況下作介詞賓語(yǔ)的不定式都帶to，但如果but或except所在句子里的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞含有do, does, did時(shí)，通常省略to。We have no choice but to wait. We can do nothing but wait.作表語(yǔ)My job is to teach English.To see is to believe.1. 我的工作是教英語(yǔ)。2. 眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。注: 作表語(yǔ)的不定式都帶

13、to, 但當(dāng)主語(yǔ)部分有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do時(shí), to可以省略。Now the only thing we can do is wait.作定語(yǔ)Do you have anything to say?1. 你有什么要說(shuō)的嗎?2. Betty是第一個(gè)知道這真相的人 Betty was the first to know the truth不定式作定語(yǔ)通常放在其修飾的名詞名代詞之后，與被修飾的名詞或代詞之間是主謂關(guān)系、動(dòng)賓關(guān)系、同位關(guān)系或修飾關(guān)系。1 主謂關(guān)系The future to greet us will be bright.我們的未來(lái)會(huì)十分美好的。 The next train to arrive

14、 was from New York.下一列到站的火車(chē)是從紐約開(kāi)來(lái)的。2 動(dòng)賓關(guān)系On Sundays, he always has a lot of letters to write.星期天，他總是有許多信要寫(xiě)。 He can find no one to make friends with.他找不到可交朋友的人。 動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ) 點(diǎn)津坊由于動(dòng)詞不定式與其修飾的詞之間往往有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，因此，如果該不定式的動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞，其后應(yīng)有必要的介詞。She has a child to take care of. 她有一個(gè)孩子要照看。There is nothing to worry about.

15、沒(méi)什么可擔(dān)心的。He has no friend to depend on. 他沒(méi)有可依靠的朋友。 作狀語(yǔ)He spoke loudly (so as / in order) to be heard.They jumped with joy to hear the news.Im too tired to walk any further tonight.目的狀語(yǔ).原因狀語(yǔ).結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)不定式作狀語(yǔ)可以表示行為的目的、結(jié)果、原因等。1 表示目的Im saving up to buy a computer.我在存錢(qián)買(mǎi)電腦。點(diǎn)津坊有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出這種目的，也可以用in order (not) to

16、do, 和so as (not) to do結(jié)構(gòu) (so as to do不可以置于句首)。He shouted and waved in order to be noticed.為了引起注意，他又嚷嚷又揮手。Ill write down his telephone number so as not to forget it。我要把他的電話(huà)號(hào)碼記下來(lái)，以防忘記 動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ)2 表示結(jié)果He got to the station only to find the train had gone. 必背 ： 不定式表示結(jié)果常見(jiàn)于下列句型 1)so.as to doWould you be so

17、kind as to lend me your bicycle? 2)such.as to doWe are not such fools as to believe him. 3)enough to doHe didnt run fast enough to catch the train. 4)only to doHe lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet. 5)too.to doHis eyesight is too poor to read such small letters. Practice:1.All these gifts

18、 must be mailed immediately _ in time for Christmas.A. in order to have received B. in order to receive C. so as to be received D. so as to be receiving2.He hurried to the station only _ that the train had gone. to find B. finding C. found D. to have found作賓補(bǔ)She asked me to stay there.1. 她叫我呆在這兒。2.請(qǐng)

19、允許我介紹Mr. White給你們。 Please allow me to introduce Mr. White to you.動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)：有些動(dòng)詞后面的不定式不帶to，如feel（一感）hear,listen to（二聽(tīng)）make, have, let（三讓?zhuān)?see, watch, notice, observe（四看）.I heard them sing a pop song .The teacher made me answer the question. I was made to answer the question. The boss made her work lon

20、g hours. 主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ) 賓補(bǔ)She主語(yǔ)was made 謂語(yǔ)to work 主補(bǔ)long hours (by her boss).Practice:1.While watching television, _.A. The doorbell rangB. The doorbell ringsC. We heard the doorbell ringD. We heard the doorbell rings2. If anyone happens to drop in while Im out, _ him or her leave a message.A. have B. get

21、 C. ask D.tell 用作獨(dú)立成分的不定式有一些不定式短語(yǔ)可以作狀語(yǔ)修飾整個(gè)句子，也可被稱(chēng)為插入語(yǔ)。To be honest, we are not sure to find the girl in the forest.說(shuō)老實(shí)話(huà)，我們不能確保在森林里能找到那個(gè)女孩。 He is very honest, to begin with.首先，他很誠(chéng)實(shí)。必背to tell you the truth 說(shuō)老實(shí)話(huà) to begin with 首先 to be frank 坦率地說(shuō) to be brief 簡(jiǎn)言之to conclude 總而言之 to be exact 精確地說(shuō)to make a

22、 long story short 長(zhǎng)話(huà)短說(shuō)注意 A. 動(dòng)詞不定式的否定式只須在to 前加 not.My father decided not to take up the job.The teacher told us not to be late again.注意B. 帶疑問(wèn)詞的動(dòng)詞不定式在to 前加疑問(wèn)詞。Mr.Lin will teach us how to use the computer.Can you tell me where to get the book?注意C. 作簡(jiǎn)短回答或避免不必要的重復(fù)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞不定式常常省去to 后面的動(dòng)詞，只保留to 。A:Would you li

23、ke to come to my party?Mary wanted to use my bike, but I asked her not to ( use my bike).B: Yes , Id love to ( come to your party).Mary想用我的自行車(chē)，但我叫她別用。提示如果動(dòng)詞不定式是to be或to have，則一般不省略動(dòng)詞。Did you finish the work? No, but I hoped to have. 動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)1. I opened the door to enter the room. 2. Mr. Smith is goi

24、ng to attend the meeting to be held tomorrow. 一般式( to do ).不定式的一般式所表示的動(dòng)作（狀態(tài)）同時(shí)（或幾乎同時(shí)）發(fā)生，或之后發(fā)生。 用主動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)含義的不定式1 不定式做后置定語(yǔ)，與被修飾的名詞或代詞構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，但又與該句主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時(shí)。Do you have anything to say on this question?針對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題，你有什么要說(shuō)的嗎？2 不定式作形容詞的賓語(yǔ)，與句子主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)。The book is difficult to understand.這本書(shū)很難理解。3 The

25、re be結(jié)構(gòu)中，當(dāng)說(shuō)話(huà)人考慮必須有人去完成某件事時(shí)。There is nothing to worry about.沒(méi)什么可擔(dān)心的。比較She has two letters to type. 她有兩封信要打。 (自己打) She has two letters to be typed. 她有兩封信要打。 (別人打) 介詞to與不定式符號(hào)to的辨別英語(yǔ)中有很多常用短語(yǔ)帶有to，要正確判斷to是不定式符號(hào)還是介詞，千萬(wàn)不可混淆。 These young lads are longing to go to watch the football match.這幾個(gè)小伙子極想去看足球賽。If you

26、 stick to the truth, you will have nothing to fear.如果你堅(jiān)持真理，就沒(méi)有什么可害怕的。必背常見(jiàn)的帶介詞to的短語(yǔ)：be used to 習(xí)慣 be related to 與有關(guān)get down to 著手做 devote oneself to 獻(xiàn)身于lead to 導(dǎo)致 be opposed to 反對(duì)look forward to 盼望 object to 反對(duì)stick to 堅(jiān)持 pay attention to 注意.進(jìn)行式( to be doing)1. I am very glad to be working with you.2

27、. He is said to be coming.如果謂語(yǔ)表示的動(dòng)作（情況）發(fā)生時(shí)，不定式所表示的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài).完成式（to have done)1. I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long.2. You seemed to have read the novel written by Mr. Smith.如果謂語(yǔ)表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在不定式之前。動(dòng)詞不定式的語(yǔ)態(tài).主動(dòng)式( to do / to be doing /to have done)1. We want to learn English well.2.Rob

28、ert is said_abroad, but I didnt know what country he studied in.(NMET99)to have studied B.to studyC. made D. to make當(dāng)不定式邏輯上的主語(yǔ)是不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí).動(dòng)詞不定式的語(yǔ)態(tài).被動(dòng)式( to be done / to have been done)1. He didnt like to be laughed at.2. He claimed _in the supper market when he was doing shopping yesterday.（上海98）

29、being badly treated B.treating badlyC. to be treated badly D. to have been badly treated.當(dāng)不定式邏輯上的主語(yǔ)是不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí).The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier _ it more difficult. A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make 2. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _

30、in my new job. A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects高考題匯集：3. Charles Babbage is generally considered _the first computer. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented C. having invented4. Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _ to carry all the way home. much too heavy B. too m

31、uch heavy C. heavy too much D. too heavy much5. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. (NMET95)A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to6. Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening. (MET 97)to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking7.There are five pairs _,but Im at a loss which to buy.(1999上海高考)to be chosen B. to choose from C. to choose D. for choosing8. _late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm. (2001年北京春季高考) A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having sleep 9. With a lot of difficult problems _,the newly-ele