2022屆老高考創(chuàng)新英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)課時(shí)提能練33人類生存社會(huì)發(fā)展與環(huán)境關(guān)系

1、本文格式為Word版，下載可任意編輯 2022屆老高考創(chuàng)新英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)課時(shí)提能練33人類生存社會(huì)發(fā)展與環(huán)境關(guān)系 課時(shí)提能練(三十三) .閱讀理解 A (2022湖北華師一附中4月調(diào)研，C)If plastic had been invented when the Pilgrims sailed from Plymouth, England, to North Americaand their Mayflower had been stocked with bottled water and plasticwrapped snacks，their plastic waste would like

2、ly still be around four centuries later.Atlantic waves and sunlight would have worn all that plastic into tiny bits. And those bits might still be floating around the worlds oceans today, waiting to be eaten by some fish or oysters, and finally perhaps by one of us. Because plastic wasnt invented un

3、til the late 19th century, and its production only really took off around 1950, we have a mere 9.2 billion tons of the stuff to deal with. Of that, more than 6.9 billion tons have become waste. And of that waste，a surprising 6.3 billion tons never made it to a recycling binthe figure that shocked th

4、e scientists who published the numbers in 2022. No one knows how much unrecycled plastic waste ends up in the ocean, the earths last sink. In 2022, Jenna Jambeck, an engineering professor of the University of Georgia，caught everyones attention with a rough estimate：between 5.3 million and 14 million

5、 tons of plastic waste each year just come from coastal regions. Meanwhile, ocean plastic is estimated to kill millions of marine(海洋的) animals every year. Nearly 700 species，including endangered ones, are known to have been affected by it. Some are harmed visibly, stuck by abandoned things made of p

6、lastic.Many more are probably harmed invisibly.Marine species of all sizes, from zooplankton to whales, now eat microplastics, the bits smaller than onefifth of an inch across. “This isnt a problem that we dont know what the solution is，” says Ted Siegler, a Vermont resource economist who has spent

7、more than 25 years working with developing nations on garbage.“We know how to pick up garbage. Anyone can do it.We know how to deal with it. We know how to recycle. Its a matter of building the necessary institutions and systems ideally before the ocean turns into a thin soup of plastic.” 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文為說(shuō)

8、明文，主題語(yǔ)境是人與自然。文章主要介紹了如今塑料垃圾已經(jīng)嚴(yán)重地污染了我們的環(huán)境，尤其是海洋環(huán)境，人類理應(yīng)采取措施變更這一現(xiàn)狀。 1Why does the author mention the Pilgrims in Paragraph 1? ATo prove plastic was difficult to invent. BTo introduce what marine animals like eating. CTo tell the Pilgrims contributed a lot to the marine protection. DTo show plastic waste

9、 has a lasting effect on the ocean. D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“And those bits might still be floating around the worlds oceans today，waiting to be eaten by some fish or oysters，and finally perhaps by one of us.”可知，在第一段中提到Pilgrims是為了說(shuō)明塑料垃圾對(duì)海洋有耐久的影響。應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。 2Whats the main trouble marine animals face according to th

10、e text? ALacking protection. BBeing stuck by plastics. CBeing caught by humans. DTreating plastics as food. D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Marine species of all sizes，from zooplankton to whales，now eat microplastics，the bits smaller than onefifth of an inch across.”可知，海洋動(dòng)物面臨的主要問(wèn)題是把塑料當(dāng)作食物。應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。 3What does Ted Siegler

11、 want to tell us in the last paragraph? ASome people dont know the solution to plastic waste. BPlastics will turn the ocean into a soup of plastic. CIts time to take measures to deal with plastic waste. DPeople should avoid using plastics to protect the ocean. C推理判斷題。根據(jù)結(jié)果一段中“Its a matter of building

12、 the necessary institutions and systems ideally before the ocean turns into a thin soup of plastic.”可知，Ted Siegler想報(bào)告我們是采取措施處理塑料垃圾的時(shí)候了。應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)。 4From which is the text probably taken? AA biology textbook. BA travel brochure. CAn environmental report. DA lifestyle magazine. C推理判斷題。文章主要是關(guān)于海洋垃圾和海洋生物養(yǎng)護(hù)的，由此

13、可推知這篇文章可能來(lái)自一份環(huán)境報(bào)告。應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)。 B (2022河北5月模擬，C)On a recent day, Katie Baldwin took a break from work to talk about moving from a wealthy neighborhood near New York City to an organic farm on Long Island. “Farming for where I grew up was a very unusual career choice，” said the 32yearold American，“but everyb

14、ody belongs to the land in their own way.None of us should feel separate from it.” Katie was raised in an upper middle class town outside New York，where most people never thought about working on a farm.Today, Katie grows potatoes, wheat and other crops at Quail Hill, a property in Amagansett, New Y

15、ork. In the United States, organic farming is a growing industry.Women operate some of the bestknown organic farms on Long Island. Women make up a little more than 37 percent of all organic farmers nationwide. That information comes from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Experts pr

16、edict womens share in farming is likely to continue to grow. “The new young farmers choose organic farming with their desire to have an influence on society，” Katie and several farmers said. She said, “They are choosing it to protect natural resources for future generations, to fight climate change,

17、 to feed their community on good and healthy food.” “New York has about 1，000 certified organic farms，making it the third largest in the country, and California and Wisconsin are the first and second，” the USDA says.These farms make up nearly four percent of the states farmland，compared with a natio

18、nal average of around 0.6 percent. Although organic farming is growing quickly, it comes with high labor costs and sometimes smaller harvests than commercial farming. So it can be a difficult business for new farmers. “When I look now at the starting of the farm, it seems really audacious，” Katie Ba

19、ldwin said. “But in that environments in 2022, everybody had lost their jobs and there werent jobs. So，it didnt feel strange to start something，” she said. 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文為說(shuō)明文，主題語(yǔ)境是人與社會(huì)。文章介紹了在紐約，為了促進(jìn)社會(huì)進(jìn)展，越來(lái)越多的年輕人開(kāi)頭從事有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)。 5What does Katie think of working at the organic farm? AIts unacceptable. BIts wort

20、hwhile. CIts unforgettable. DIts challenging. B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段可知，Katie認(rèn)為，在自己長(zhǎng)大的地方經(jīng)營(yíng)有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)是一種不同尋常的職業(yè)選擇。由此可推知，Katie認(rèn)為在有機(jī)農(nóng)場(chǎng)工作是值得的，應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。 6Why do the young people want to work as farmers? ATo find a suitable job. BTo earn healthy food. CTo stop climate change. DTo help the society develop. D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段可知，那些年輕人

21、選擇從事有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)，是為了給社會(huì)帶來(lái)一些影響，即為了促進(jìn)社會(huì)進(jìn)展。應(yīng)選擇D項(xiàng)。 7Which can replace the underlined word “audacious” in the last paragraph? Ahopeful Bdangerous Cdaring Dreasonable C詞義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線單詞前面的描述可知，有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)對(duì)于新型農(nóng)人來(lái)說(shuō)是一件艱苦的事情，所以能夠開(kāi)頭就是敢于冒險(xiǎn)。應(yīng)選C。 8What can be inferred from the text? AAmerican women are good at organic farming. BOr

22、ganic farming will become a good employment. CMany American communities lack abundant food. DStarting organic farming needs careful consideration. D推理判斷題。根據(jù)結(jié)果一段前兩句可知，有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)存在著投入高、低回報(bào)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。因此，年輕人在開(kāi)頭選擇這個(gè)行業(yè)時(shí)應(yīng)深思熟慮。應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。 .完形填空 (浙江紹興柯橋區(qū)2021屆高三模擬)Everyone in business has been told that success is all about att

23、racting and retaining (留住) customers. It sounds 1 and achievable. But, 2 ， words of wisdom are soon forgotten. Once companies have attracted customers they often 3 the second half of the story. In the excitement of beating off the competition, negotiating prices, securing orders, and delivering the

24、product, managers tend to become 4 . They forget what they regard as the boring side of business 5 that the customer remains a customer. 6 to concentrate on retaining as well as attracting customers costs business huge amounts of money annually. It has been estimated that the average company loses b

25、etween 10 and 30 percent of its customers every year. In constantly changing 7 ， this is not surprising. What is surprising is the fact that few companies have any 8 how many customers they have lost. Only now are organizations beginning to wake up to those lost opportunities and calculate the 9 imp

26、lications. Cutting down the number of customers a company loses can make a big 10 in its performance. Research in the US found that a five percent decrease in the number of defecting (流失的) customers led to 11 increases of between 25 and 85 percent. In the US, Dominos Pizza estimates that a(n) 12 cus

27、tomer is worth more than $5，000 over ten years. A customer who receives a poor quality product or service on their first visit and 13 never returns, is losing the company thousands of dollars in 14 profits (more if you consider how many people they are likely to tell about their bad experience) The

28、logic behind cultivating customer 15 is impossible to deny. “In practice most companies marketing effort is focused on getting customers, with little attention paid to 16 them”， says Adrian Payne of Cornfield University School of Management. “Research suggests that there is a 17 relationship between

29、 retaining customers and making profits. 18 customers tend to buy more, are predictable and usually cost less to service than new customers. Furthermore, they tend to be less price 19 ， and may provide free wordofmouth advertising. Retaining customers also makes it 20 for competitors to enter a mark

30、et or increase their share of a market. 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章陳述了好多公司把好多精力放在了吸引顧客的方面，而很少去關(guān)注如何留住老客戶，并說(shuō)明留住老客戶的重要性。 1AsimpleBdifficultCtoughDcomplicated A根據(jù)”achievable“可知，雖聽(tīng)起來(lái)簡(jiǎn)樸易行。但在現(xiàn)實(shí)中，聰慧的話語(yǔ)很快就會(huì)被遺忘。應(yīng)選A。 2Ain particular Bin reality Cat least Dfirst of all B根據(jù)前文”Everyone in business has been told that succes

31、s is all about attracting and retaining (留住) customers“以及空前的”but“判斷，事實(shí)并不那么簡(jiǎn)樸。應(yīng)選B。 3Aemphasize Bdoubt Coverlook Dbelieve C根據(jù)下文”They forget“可知，告成吸引顧客之后，往往會(huì)疏忽故事的另一片面。應(yīng)選C。 4Acarried away Bcarried back Ccarried on Dcarried through A根據(jù)下文”They forget what they regard as the boring side of business _ that t

32、he customer remains a customer.“他們忘卻了他們認(rèn)為是無(wú)聊的一面卻正是確留存住客戶的一個(gè)方面。由此可知，此處表示經(jīng)打理忘乎所以。應(yīng)選A。 5Adenying Bensuring Carguing Dproving B他們忘卻了他們認(rèn)為是無(wú)聊的一面卻正是確留存住客戶的一個(gè)方面。應(yīng)選B。 6AMoving BHoping CStarting DFailing D假設(shè)不能集中精力留住和吸引客戶，每年都會(huì)給企業(yè)帶來(lái)巨額損失。應(yīng)選D。 7Amarkets Btastes Cprices Dexpenses A此文講的是公司做生意，應(yīng)是市場(chǎng)。應(yīng)選A。 8Athought Bi

33、dea Copinion Dview Bhave an/any idea為固定搭配，意為”知道“。這里指很少有公司知道他們失去了多少客戶。應(yīng)選B。 9Aculture Bsocial Cfinancial Deconomical C根據(jù)上文可知，很少有公司知道他們失去了多少客戶。所以會(huì)對(duì)財(cái)務(wù)產(chǎn)生影響。financial implication財(cái)務(wù)影響。應(yīng)選C。 10Apromise Bplan Cmistake Ddifference Dmake a difference有影響，有關(guān)系。這里指對(duì)業(yè)績(jī)有很大的影響。應(yīng)選D。 11Acost Bopportunity Cprofit Dbudget

34、 C句意：美國(guó)調(diào)查說(shuō)明每裁減流失5%的顧客，就會(huì)導(dǎo)致利潤(rùn)增加25%85%。下文也提到profit，故應(yīng)選C。 12Ausual Bordinary Ccommon Dregular D根據(jù)下文”A customer who receives a poor quality product or service on their first visit and _ never returns, is losing the company thousands of dollars in _ profits“可知，此處講的是老顧客的重要性。regular customers為固定用法，意為”老顧客；

35、?？汀?。應(yīng)選D。 13Aas a result Bon the whole Cin conclusion Don the contrary A空后是前文的結(jié)果，故應(yīng)選A。 14Ahuge Bpotential Cextra Dreasonable B由上文可知，一個(gè)老顧客在十年內(nèi)價(jià)值超過(guò)5 000美元。所以沒(méi)有回頭客，會(huì)損失潛在的利潤(rùn)。應(yīng)選B。 15Abeliefs Bloyalty Chabits Dinterest B根據(jù)上文可知，留不住老客戶讓公司損失數(shù)千美元的潛在利潤(rùn)，所以要培養(yǎng)客戶忠誠(chéng)度。應(yīng)選B。 16Aaltering Bunderstanding Ckeeping Dattrac

36、ting C根據(jù)”focused on getting customers, with little attention paid“可知，此處應(yīng)留住顧客。應(yīng)選C。 17Aclose Bdistant Cdeep Dshallow A根據(jù)下文”_ customers tend to buy more, are predictable and usually cost less to service than new customers.“可知，留住老客戶，與客戶維護(hù)好關(guān)系分外重要。應(yīng)選A。 18AAssumed BRespected CEstablished DUnexpected C根據(jù)”th

37、an new customers“這里指已建立的顧客，也就是老顧客。應(yīng)選C。 19Aagreeable Bflexible Cfriendly Dsensitive D根據(jù)常識(shí)和購(gòu)物閱歷可知，老顧客往往對(duì)價(jià)格不太敏感。price sensitive價(jià)格敏感性。應(yīng)選D。 20Aunfair Bdifficult Cessential Dconvenient B根據(jù)”Retaining customers“可知，留住客戶也使得競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手很難進(jìn)入一個(gè)市場(chǎng)或增加他們的市場(chǎng)份額。應(yīng)選B。 .語(yǔ)法填空 (2022山東濟(jì)南一模)The wildfires in Australia became conside

38、rably worse in January, 2022.The disaster faced by 1._ country is far from over. Many of the fires 2._(send) smoke high into the atmosphere and some smoke turned into pyrocumulonimbus clouds(火云). The clouds could help a fire draw in more air and shift surface winds，3._(result) in fire tornadoes (龍卷風(fēng)). Fires have destroyed habitats for animals that 4._(find) only in Australia, including koalas and rare birds. It will take time to fully know how much harm the fires have done 5._ wildlife. The wildfires are expected 6._(continue) burning for months