高考語法復(fù)習(xí)-名詞性從句

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上專心-專注-專業(yè)專心-專注-專業(yè)精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上專心-專注-專業(yè)名 詞 性 從 句（一）名詞性從句的種類在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句。名詞從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組, 它在復(fù)合句中能充當(dāng)主語、賓語、介詞賓語、表語、同位語等，因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。1. 主語從句： 作句子主語的從句叫主語從句。主語從句通常由從屬連詞that，whether，if和連接代詞what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及連接副詞how，when，where，w

2、hy等詞引導(dǎo)。that在句中無詞義，只起連接作用；連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問含義、又起連接作用，在從句中充當(dāng)從句的成分。例如：What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我們說什么，還不清楚。Who will win the match is still unknown.誰能贏得這場比賽還不得而知。It is known to us how he became a writer. 我們都知道他是如何成為一名作家的。Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announce

3、d. 英語晚會將在哪里舉行，還沒有宣布。有時為避免句子頭重腳輕，常用形式主語it代替主語從句作形式主語放于句首，而把主語從句置于句末。主語從句后的謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。常用句型如下：a. It + be +形容詞+ that-從句It is necessary that/It is important that/It is obvious that b. It + be + -ed 分詞+ that-從句It is believed that/It is known to all that/It has been decided thatc. It + be +名詞+ that-從句It i

4、s common knowledge that/It is a surprise that/It is a fact thatd. It +不及物動詞+ that-分句It appears that/It happens that/It occurred to me that另注意在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等語氣時，謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣“(should) +do”，常用的句型有：It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) t

5、hat It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that2. 賓語從句：名詞句用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。引導(dǎo)賓語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語從句表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣，在句中可以作謂語動詞或介詞及非謂語動詞的賓語。1. 由連接詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句由連接詞that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時，that在句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，在口語或非正式的文體中常被省去，但如從句是并列句時,第二個分句前的that不可省。例如：He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已經(jīng)告訴我他明天要去上海。We

6、 must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 我們決不能認(rèn)為自己什么都好，別人什么都不好。注意：在advise,demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, demand, urge,request,requre,propose, command等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的動詞后，賓語從句常用“（should）+ 動詞原形”。例如：I insist that she (should) do her work alone.

7、我堅(jiān)持要她自己工作。The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令員命令部隊(duì)馬上出發(fā)。2. 用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句相當(dāng)于特殊疑問句，應(yīng)注意句子語序要用陳述語序。例如：I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告訴了你什么。 She always thinks of how she can work well. 她總

8、是在想怎樣能把工作做好。She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要幫助的人，她都會給予熱情的支持。3. 用whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，其主語和謂語的順序也不能顛倒，仍保持陳述句語序。此外，whether與if 在作“是否”的意思講時在下列情況下一般只能用whether，不用if：a. 引導(dǎo)主語從句并在句首時；b. 引導(dǎo)表語從句時；c . 引導(dǎo)從句作介詞賓語時；d. 從句后有“or not”時；e. 后接動詞不定式時。例如：Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting

9、question. 月球上有沒有生命是個有趣的問題。The question is whether she should have a low opinion of the test?Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我們是否有足夠的錢。I wonder whether he will come or not. 我想知道他來還是不來。Can you tell me whether to go or to stay? 你能否告訴我是去還是留？4. 注意賓語從句中的時態(tài)呼應(yīng)，當(dāng)主句動詞是現(xiàn)在時，從句根據(jù)自身的句子情況，而

10、使用不同時態(tài)。例如：he studies English every day. （從句用一般現(xiàn)在時）he studied English last term. （從句用一般過去時）I know (that) he will study English next year. （從句用一般將來時）he has studied English since 1998. （從句用現(xiàn)在完成時）當(dāng)主句動詞是過去時態(tài)（could, would除外），從句則要用相應(yīng)的過去時態(tài)，如一般過去時，過去進(jìn)行時，過去將來時等；當(dāng)從句表示的是客觀真理，科學(xué)原理，自然現(xiàn)象，則從句仍用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。例如：The teacher t

11、old us that Tom had left us for America 5. think, believe, imagine, suppose等等動詞引起的否定性賓語從句中，要把上述主句中的動詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄊ?。即將從句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如：We dont think you are here. 我們認(rèn)為你不在這。I dont believe he will do so. 我相信他不會這樣做。3. 表語從句：在句中作表語的從句叫表語從句。引導(dǎo)表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣，表語從句位于連系動詞后，有時用as if引導(dǎo)。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為主語 + 系動詞 + that從句。例

12、如：The fact is that we have lost the game. 事實(shí)是我們已經(jīng)輸了這場比賽。Thats just what I want. 這正是我想要的。This is where our problem lies. 這就是我們的問題所在。That is why he didnt come to the meeting. 那就是他為什么不到會的原因。It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。需要注意的，當(dāng)主語是reason時，表語從句要用that引導(dǎo)而不是because。例如：The reason why he was la

13、te was that he missed the train by one minute this morning 4. 同位語從句： 同位語從句說明其前面的名詞的具體內(nèi)容。同位語從句通常由that引導(dǎo)，可用于同位語從句的名詞有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如：The news that we won the game is exciting.我們贏得這場比賽的消息令人

14、激動。I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么時候回來。The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能瑪麗生病了。同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別： that作為關(guān)系代詞，可以引導(dǎo)定語從句，充當(dāng)句子成分，在從句中作賓語時可以省略； that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時，起連詞的作用，沒有實(shí)際意義，不充當(dāng)句子成分，一般不能省略。 試比較下面兩個例句: I had no idea that you were here（that引導(dǎo)同位語從句，不能省略）Have you go

15、t the idea（that）this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？（that引導(dǎo)定語從句，作賓語，可以省略） (二) 名詞性從句的連詞引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞； 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類：連接詞： that, whether ,if （不充當(dāng)從句的任何成分）連接代詞：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which連接副詞：when, where, how, whyI. 名詞性that-從句 1）由從屬連詞that引導(dǎo)的從句叫做名詞性that-從句。That只起連接主句和從句的作用，

16、在從句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，本身也沒有詞義。名詞性that-從句在句中能充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語、同位語和形容詞賓語。例如：主語：That he is still alive is sheer luck. 他還活著全靠運(yùn)氣。賓語：John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.約翰說他星期三要到倫敦去。表語：The fact is that he has not been seen recently. 事實(shí)是近來誰也沒有見過他。同位語：The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs e

17、veryone in his office. 近來誰也沒有見過他，這一情況令辦公室所有的人不安。形容詞賓語：I am glad that you are satisfied with your job. 你對工作滿意我感到很高興。2）That-從句作主語通常用it作先行詞，而將that-從句置于句末。例如：It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure. 很清楚，整個計劃注定要失敗。Its a pity that you should have to leave. 你非走不可真是件憾事。II. if, whether引

18、導(dǎo)的名詞從句 從屬連詞if, whether引導(dǎo)的名詞從句是由一般疑問句或選擇疑問轉(zhuǎn)化而來的，因此也分別被稱為yes-no型疑問句從句和選擇型疑問從句，其功能和wh-從句的功能相同。例如：主語：Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved. 這一計劃是否可行還有等證實(shí)。賓語：Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday. 請讓我們知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章寫完。表語：The point is whether we should lend him the

19、 money. 問題在于我們是否應(yīng)該借錢給他。同位語：They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy.他們調(diào)查他是否值得信賴。形容詞賓語：Shes doubtful whether we shall be able to come. 她懷疑我們是否能夠前來。介詞賓語： I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness. 我擔(dān)心他是否能度過疾病的危險期。 III. 名詞性wh-從句 由wh-詞引導(dǎo)的名詞從句叫做名詞性wh-從句

20、。Wh-詞包括what, who, whom,. whose, whoever, whatever, which, whichever等連接代詞和where, when, how, why等連接副詞。1. what用法 ）what是連詞，what 在從句中充當(dāng)主語，如：what is needed，從句可充當(dāng)：主語What is needed is time. 需要的東西就是時間。表語This is what is needed.這就是需要的東西賓語I dont know what is needed我不知道需要什么。） what是連詞，what 在從句中充當(dāng)賓語，如：what he did，

21、從句可充當(dāng)：主語What he did surprised all of us. 他做的事情使所有的人都驚奇。表語This is what he did.這就是他做的事情。賓語I dont know what he did.我不知道他做的事情。）what 是連詞，what在從句中充當(dāng)表語，如：what water is，從句可充當(dāng)：主語What water is is known to us all.水是什么是大家都知道的。表語What the little boy want to know is what water is. 小男孩想知道的是水是什么。賓語Everybody knows wh

22、at water is.人人都知道水是什么。 2. who用法）who是連詞，在從句中充當(dāng)主語，如：who broke the window ， 從句可充當(dāng)：主語Who broke the window is not known yet.誰打碎了窗戶該不知道呢。表語The problem is who broke the window. 問題是誰打碎了窗戶。賓語I dont know who broke the window. 我不知道誰打碎了窗戶。）who是連詞，在從句中充當(dāng)表語，如who he is，從句可充當(dāng)：主語Who he is is being looked into.他是誰正在被

23、調(diào)查著。表語 The problem is who he is.問題是他是誰。賓語I dont know who he is.我不知道他是誰。）who (whom) 是連詞，在從句中充當(dāng)賓語，如：who (whom) I know 從句可充當(dāng)：主語Who I know has nothing to do with you. 我認(rèn)識誰與你無關(guān)。表語 What she wants to know is who(m) I know. 他想知道我認(rèn)識誰。賓語She doesnt want to know who(m) I know. 她不想知道我認(rèn)識誰。3. whose用法 whose是連詞，在從句中

24、充當(dāng)定語，如whose pronunciation is the best，從句可充當(dāng)：主語Whose pronunciation is the best is an open secret. 誰的語音最好是個公開的秘密。表語The problem is whose pronunciation is the best. 問題是誰的語音最好。賓語I dont know whose pronunciation is the best. 我不知道誰的語音最好。4. where用法 where是連詞，where在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語，如where he worked從句可充當(dāng)：主語Where he wo

25、rked is not far from here.他曾經(jīng)工作的地方離這兒不遠(yuǎn)。表語This is where he worked. 這就是他曾經(jīng)工作的地方。賓語I know where he worked.我知道他曾經(jīng)在哪兒工作。5. when 用法when是連詞，when在從句中充當(dāng)時間狀語，如when he came here 從句可充當(dāng)：主語When he came is not known to us all.他什么時間來的我們都不知道。表語The problem is when he came here.問題是他什么時間來的。賓語I know when he came here.我

26、知道他他什么時間來的。(三) 名詞性從句考點(diǎn)歸納 考點(diǎn)之一：考查that 與whate.g. 1. _we cant get seems better than _we have. A. What ; what B. What ; that C. That ; that D. That ; what 分析：在名詞性從句中that 與what 的區(qū)別是：that 在名詞性從句中不作句子成分，只起連接作用；而 what 在名詞性從句中不僅起連接作用，而且充當(dāng)句子成分。句子的意思是：我們得不到的似乎比我們已經(jīng)擁有的要好。此題考查了兩個名詞性從句：主語從句和賓語從句，what 在這兩個名詞性從句中都作

27、賓語?？键c(diǎn)之二：考查it 作形式主語或形式賓語e.g. 2. _ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It 分析：為了保持句子的平衡，往往用it 作形式主語或形式賓語，而把真正的主語從句或賓語從句放到后面，尤其是that 引導(dǎo)的主語從句往往用it 作形式主語。此句也可以改寫為：That English is being accepted as an international language is a fact. 考點(diǎn)之三：考查名詞

28、性從句的語序e.g. 3.The photographs will show you _. A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like分析：名詞性從句應(yīng)用陳述語序；再根據(jù)句型what does sb. / sth. look like?, 所以選B.考點(diǎn)之四：考查whether 與if e.g. 4. _well go camping tomorrow depends on the

29、 weather.A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where分析：句意為：我們明天是否去野營要看天氣而定。whether 與if 的區(qū)別是：在引導(dǎo)賓語從句時兩者可以互換，但在引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句時，以及介詞后面的賓語從句或后面緊跟or not 時，常用whether , 而不用 if。 5. What the doctors really doubt is _ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon. A. when B. how C. whether D. why 分析：句意為：醫(yī)生真正懷

30、疑的是我母親是否能很快從重病中恢復(fù)過來。whether 引導(dǎo)的是表語從句。考點(diǎn)之五：考查 whatever, whoever. 與 no matter what / who.e.g. 6. Sarah hopes to become a friend of _ shares her interests. A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who 分析：句意為：Sarah 希望跟自己有共同愛好的人交朋友。注意：whatever, whoever. 既可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句；而no matter what / who .只

31、能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。首先排除A和D，從句中需要的是主語，所以whomever錯。考點(diǎn)之六：考查名詞性從句的虛擬語氣e.g. 7. It is necessary that a college student _at least a foreign language. A. masters B. should master C. mastered D. will master 分析：句意為：大學(xué)生至少掌握一門外語是必要的。that 引導(dǎo)的主語從句中謂語動詞用的是虛擬語氣。我們應(yīng)注意：1).在句型：1. It is necessary / important / natural / strange

32、, etc. that .2. It is a pity / shame / no wonder, etc. that .3. It is suggested / requested / proposed / desired, etc. that . 中，that從句中謂語動詞常用虛擬語氣(should) + 動詞原形。2). 表示建議、請求、命令、要求、堅(jiān)持等及物動詞后面的賓語從句中要用虛擬語氣，這類動詞有：suggest, propose, insist, desire, demand, request, order, command等。3). 主語是suggestion, proposa

33、l, request等表示“建議、請求、命令、要求、決定”等意義的詞時，表語從句中謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣“(should) + 動詞原形”。4). 表示“建議、請求、命令、要求、決定”等意義的名詞后邊的同位語從句中謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣(should) + 動詞原形。2009年高考題1. (09安徽32) a certain doubt among the people as to the practical value of the project.A. It has B. They have C. It remains D. There remains2(09湖南28) She is very

34、 dear to us. We have been prepared to do it takes to save her life.A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whoever3. (09江西33) The fact has worried many scientists_ _the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.A. what B. which C. that D. though4. (09海南24) Could I speak to is in charge of Inter

35、national Sales please?A. who B. what C. whoever D. whatever5 (09海南33) One of the most important questions they had to consider was of public healthA. what B. this C. that D. which6. . (09陜西17) The how to book can be of help to wants to do the job.A. who B. whomever C. no matter who D. whoever7. (09上

36、海40) As a new diplomat, he often thinks of he can react more appropriately on such occasions.A. what B. which C. that D. how8. (09四川7) News came from the school office _Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University.A. which B. what C. that D. where9. (09天津7) It is obvious to the students _ they s

37、hould get well prepared for their future.A. as B. which C. whether D. that10(09浙江12)Is there any possibility _ you could pick me up at the airport?No problem.A.When B. that C. whether D. what11 (09重慶31) Weshouldconsiderthestudents request _ the school library provide more books on popular science.A. that B. when C. which D. where12. (09江蘇34) Many young people in the West are expected to leave could be lifes most important decisionmarriagealmost entirely up to