中考英語常見語法知識點復習資料

1、主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài) 知識點總結語態(tài)表示主語和謂語的關系。語態(tài)有兩種：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。如果主語是動 作的執(zhí)行者,或者是說動作是由主語完成的，要用主動語態(tài)，如：We speak Chinese in China.在中國我們說漢語;如果主語是動作的承受者，或者是說動作 不是由主語而是由其他人完成的，那么用被動語態(tài)，如：Chinese is spoken by us in China在中國漢語被我們說。一、主動語態(tài)改成被動語態(tài)方法把主動語態(tài)改為被動語態(tài)非常簡單，可以遵循以下幾個步驟：.將主動語態(tài)的賓語作被動語態(tài)的主語；.謂語動詞變?yōu)閎e+及物動詞的過去分詞，并通過be的變化來表達出不同 的時態(tài)；3

2、主動語態(tài)的主語變?yōu)榻樵~by的賓語，組成介詞短語放在被動結構中的謂語動 詞之后。（有時by的短語可以省略）；彳列:1. Bruce writes a letter every week. A letter is written by Bruce every week.二、被動語態(tài)的用法：.一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)構成：is / am / are +及物動詞的過去分詞Ourclassroom is cleaned everyday.一般過去時的被動語態(tài)構成：was / were +及物動詞的過去分詞Anew shop was built last year.現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)構成：has / hav

3、e + been +及物動詞的過去分詞 This book has been translated into many languages.一般將來時的被動語態(tài)構成：will+ be +及物動詞的過去分詞 Many more trees will be planted next year.含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)構成：情態(tài)動詞+ be +及物動詞的過去分詞 Young trees must be watered often.現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)構成:am/is/ are + being +及物動詞的過去分詞 Uncle Wang is mending my b汰e now.My b汰e is b

4、eing repairedby Tom now.不定式的被動語態(tài):to + be +及物動詞的過去分詞There are tw obooks to be read. There are twenty more trees to be planted.三、使用被動語態(tài)應注意的幾個問題：.不及物動詞無被動語態(tài)。What will happen in 100 years. Thedinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.有些動詞用主動形式表示被動意義。This pen writes well. This new book sells well.

5、感官動詞或使役動詞使用省略to的動詞不定式，主動語態(tài)中不帶to，但變 為被動語態(tài)時,須加上to。例：make somebody do somethingsomebody+ be +made to do something see somebody do so methingsomebody +be +seen to do something The boss made the little boy do heavy work.The li ttle boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.如果是接雙賓語的動詞改為被動語態(tài)時，直接賓語（物）作主語，那么

6、動詞后要 用介詞，這個介詞是由與其搭配的動詞決定。He gave me a book.-Abook was given to me by him. He showed me a ticket.A ticket was shown to me by him.一些動詞短語用于被動語態(tài)時，動詞短語應當看作一個整體，而不能丟掉其 中的介詞或副詞。We cant laugh at him. -He cant be laughed at byus.常見考法對于語態(tài)考查，多以單項選擇、詞語運用的形式考查學生在具體語境中靈活運用被動 語態(tài)的能力。一般情況下，會綜合考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)，這時，要根據(jù)語境和動作發(fā) 生的

7、時間來確定時態(tài)，然后再確定語態(tài)。典型例題：-Could you tell me whom the radio by? -Sorry, I haveno idea.A invents B invented C is invented D was invented解析：題干的意思是你能告訴我收音機是誰創(chuàng)造的嗎?創(chuàng)造收音機是過去的 事，所以用過去時,排除A和C ;而radio和invent構成被動關系，應用被動 語態(tài)，排除B答案：D誤區(qū)提醒有些動詞后跟不帶t。的不定式作賓語補足語，但改為被動結構后要加上， 這一點我們必須注意。典型例題：The young man was often seen by

8、the lake.A to draw B to drawing C draw D drew解析：這是2007年濟南的中考題?？吹侥橙俗瞿呈聻閟ee sb.do sth.o句中 動詞原形是省略to的不定式，在被動語態(tài)中要還原too答案：A 原因狀語從句知識點總結 是用來說明引起主句這個結果的原因的從句，在初中階段引導原因狀語從句的從屬連詞主要的有because, as, since.for等。例如：1.1 didnt go to school yesterday because I was ill.我昨天沒去上學,因為我生病了。Since everybody is h ere, lets beg

9、in our meeting.既然大家者口來了,讓我們開始開會吧.As you are in poor health, you should not stay up late.既然你身體不好，你就不該熬夜.4.1 asked her to stay to tea, for I had something to tell her.我請她留下來 喝茶，因為我有事要告訴她.原因狀語從句應注意的問題1、 because , since , as , for,辨析because語勢最強，用來說明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的問題。當原 因是顯而易見的或已為人們所知，就用as或sinceoI did n

10、t go, because I was afraid.Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.2）由because引導的從句如果放在句末，且前面有逗 號，那么可以用for來代替。 但如果不是說明直接原因，而是多種情況加以推斷，就只能用for。例：He is absent today, becaus e / for he is ill. He must be ill, for he is absent today.3） as和for的區(qū)別：通常情況下,as引導的從句在主句前，for引導的從句在 主句后。例：As

11、the weather is cold, I stay at home.（同義句）I stayat home, for the weather is cold.2、because習慣上不與so連用漢語習慣上說因為所以但英語習慣上卻不能將s。與because連用：正：Because it was raining, we stayed at home. / It was raining, so we stayed at home.誤:Because it was raining, so we stayed at h ome.因為下雨,所以我彳門呆 在家里。3、because從句與because o

12、f短語的轉換Because引導的原因狀語從句有時可與because of短語轉換，because of后 加的原因可以為好或壞，但最正規(guī)的還是becauseoHe cant come because he is ill. / He cant come because of his illness.他 因病不能來。I said nothing about it because his wife was there. /1 said nothing about it because of his wifes being th ere.因為他妻子在那兒,我對此事只字未提。常見考法對于原因狀語從句的考

13、查，多以單項選擇和完形填空的形式，從連詞的意義角度讓大 家選擇連詞。典型例題：He fou nd it increasin gly difficult to read,hi s eyesight was beginning to fail.A. and B. for C. but D. or 解析:his eyesight was beginning to fail是he found it increasingly difficult to read的原因，因此此題應選用可以表示原因的連詞for弓|導原因 狀語從句。答案：B誤區(qū)提醒除了 because , since , as , for這四

14、個詞的辨析外，對于because從句與 because of短語的區(qū)分也是難點之一。Because引導的原因狀語從句有時可與 because of短語轉換，because 0f后跟的是短 語,because后跟的是句子。典型例題：He didnt go to work the heav y rain.A .because B.because of C.so D.since解析：題干的意思是由于那場大雨，他沒有去上班，the heavy rain.表示原 因，排除C; since和because表示原因，后面跟的是從句,也就是說必須是 一個完整的句子，此題中the heavy rain沒有主語和

15、謂語，.只是一個短語，所 以排除A和Gbecauseof表示由于，后跟名詞、代詞或短語。答案：B時間狀語從句知識點總結在復合句中，由時間連接詞弓I導的狀語從句叫做時間狀語從句。時間狀語從句通 常由 when, while, as , after,before,since,until 等詞引導。一、時間狀語從句種類L引導的從句表示主從句的動作同時發(fā)生，或從句的動作在主句之前。when 引導的從句的謂語動詞可以是延續(xù)性的動詞，又可以是瞬時動詞。例如：When she came in, I stopped eating.她進來時,我停止吃飯。（瞬時動詞）When I lived in the cou

16、ntryside, I used to carry some water for him.當我 住在農(nóng)村時，我常常為他擔水。（延續(xù)性的動詞）We were about to leave when he came in.我們就要離開,就在那時他進來 了。2、Wh ile引導的從句的謂語動作必須是延續(xù)性的，并強調(diào)主句和從句的動作同 時發(fā)生（或者相對應）。并且while有時還可以表示比照。例如： While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. （was reading 是延續(xù) 性的動詞,was reading 和 was wat

17、ching 同時 發(fā)生） I like playing football while you like playing basketball.我喜歡踢足球，而你喜歡打籃球。 （比照）3、As表示一邊一邊，as引導的動作是延續(xù)性的動作，一般用于主句和 從句動作同時發(fā)生;as也可以強調(diào)一先一后。例如：We always sing as wewalk.我們總是邊走邊唱。（as表示一邊 一邊）As we was going out, itbegan to snow.當我們出門時，開始下雪了。（as強調(diào)句中兩個動作緊接著先后 發(fā)生，而不強調(diào)開始下雪的特定時間）4、由before和after引導的時間狀語

18、從句，表示兩個動作一前一后發(fā)生。例如：It will be four days before they come back.他們要過四天才能回來。After yo u think it over, please let me know what you decide.你仔名田考慮過 以后，告訴我你是怎樣決定的。5、由till或until引導的時間狀語從句。till和until一般情況下兩者可以互換， 但是在強調(diào)句型中多用until。并且要注意的是：如果主句中的謂語動詞是瞬時 動詞時，必須用否認形式;如果主句中的謂語動詞是延續(xù)性動詞時，用肯定或否 定形式都可以，但表達的意思不同。till不可以用

19、在句首，而until可以放在句首。 例如：I didnt go to bed until(till) my father came back.直到我父親回來我才上床 睡覺。I worked until he came back.我工作到他回來為止。6、由since引導的時間狀語從句表示自從以來”。I have been in Beijing sine e you left.自從你離開以來，我一直在北京了。7、由as soon as引導的時間狀語從句表示一就。例如：As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up.我一到加拿大，就給你來 。二、時態(tài)問題在狀語從句中，有“主將從現(xiàn)的規(guī)定，即主句用一般將來時，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時 表示將來時。例句：I will call you as soon as I arrive in