Unit 4 課文文本和翻譯-高中英語(yǔ)人教版（2019）選擇性必修第一冊(cè)

1、 人教版高中英語(yǔ)新教材選擇性必修一Unit 4課文文本和翻譯LISTENING TO HOW BODIES TALK傾聽身體的訴說We use both words and body language to express our thoughts and opinions in our interactions with other people. We can learn a lot about what people are thinking by watching their body language. Words are important, but the way people

2、stand, hold their arms, and move their hands can also give us information about their feelings.在與他人交流時(shí)，我們既使用言語(yǔ)也通過身勢(shì)語(yǔ)來(lái)表達(dá)我們的想法和觀點(diǎn)。通過觀察別人的身勢(shì)語(yǔ)，我們可以了解很多他們的想法。言語(yǔ)固然重要，但是人們站立、握緊手臂、移動(dòng)雙手的方式也能幫助我們了解他們的情緒。Just like spoken language, body language varies from culture to culture. The crucial thing is using body la

3、nguage in a way that is appropriate to the culture you are in. For example, making eye contactlooking into someones eyesin some countries is a way to display interest. In other countries, by contrast, eye contact is not always approved of. For example, in many Middle Eastern countries, men and women

4、 are not socially permitted to make eye contact. In Japan, it may demonstrate respect to look down when talking to an older person.就像口頭語(yǔ)言一樣，身勢(shì)語(yǔ)因文化而異。關(guān)鍵是使用身勢(shì)語(yǔ)的方式要與你所處的文化相適應(yīng)。例如，在有些國(guó)家，眼神交流看著別人的眼睛是表現(xiàn)興趣的一種方式。相反，在另一些國(guó)家，眼神交流并不總是被認(rèn)可。例如，在許多中東國(guó)家，男女不允許在社交場(chǎng)合進(jìn)行眼神交流。在日本，和年長(zhǎng)的人講話時(shí)，目光向下以表示尊敬。The gesture for “OK” has

5、 different meanings in different cultures. In Japan, someone who witnesses another person employing the gesture might think it means money. In France, a person encountering an identical gesture may interpret it as meaning zero. However, you should avoid making this gesture in Brazil and Germany, as

6、it is not considered polite.“OK”這個(gè)手勢(shì)在不同的文化中有不同的含義。在日本，如果看到另一個(gè)人用這個(gè)手勢(shì)，可能認(rèn)為這意味著錢。在法國(guó)，看到同一個(gè)手勢(shì)的人可能會(huì)將其解讀為“零”。但是在巴西和德國(guó)，你應(yīng)該避免使用這個(gè)手勢(shì)，因?yàn)樗徽J(rèn)為是不禮貌的。Even the gestures we use for “yes” and “no” differ around the world. In many countries, shaking ones head means “no”, and nodding means“yes”. By comparison, in Bulg

7、aria and southern Albania, the gestures have the opposite meaning. There are also differences in how we touch each other, how close we stand to someone we are talking to, and how we act when we meet or part. In countries like France and Russia, people may kiss their friends on the cheek when they me

8、et. Elsewhere, people favour shaking hands, bowing from the waist, or nodding the head when they meet someone else.甚至我們用來(lái)表示“是”與“不是”的手勢(shì)，在世界各地也不同。在許多國(guó)家，搖頭表示“不”，點(diǎn)頭表示“是”。相比之下，在保加利亞和阿爾巴尼亞南部，這兩種手勢(shì)的含義是相反的。差異還表現(xiàn)在我們彼此接觸的方式，我們與談話對(duì)象的距離，以及我們見面或告別時(shí)的行為。在法國(guó)和俄羅斯這樣的國(guó)家，人們和朋友見面時(shí)可能會(huì)親吻他們的臉頰。在其他地方，人們見面時(shí)更喜歡握手，彎腰鞠躬或者點(diǎn)頭。Som

9、e gestures seem to have the same meaning everywhere. Placing your hands together and resting them on the side of your head while closing your eyes means “sleep”. A good way of saying “I am full” is moving your hand in circles over your stomach after a meal.有些手勢(shì)似乎在每個(gè)地方都有相同的含義。雙手并攏放在頭的一側(cè)，同時(shí)閉上眼睛表示“睡覺”。

10、用餐后輕輕用手在胃部轉(zhuǎn)圈表示“我飽了”。Some body language has many different uses. Perhaps the best example is smiling. A smile can help us get through difficult situations and find friends in a world of strangers. A smile can breakdown barriers. We can use a smile to apologise, to greet someone, to ask for help, or t

11、o start a conversation. Experts suggest smiling at yourself in the mirror to make yourself feel happier and stronger. And if we are feeling down or lonely, there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend.有些身勢(shì)語(yǔ)有許多不同的用途。最好的例子也許是微笑。微笑可以幫助我們度過難關(guān)，在陌生人的世界里找到朋友。微笑可以打破障礙。我們可以用微笑來(lái)道歉，跟某人

12、打招呼，尋求幫助或者開始對(duì)話。專家建議對(duì)著鏡子微笑來(lái)讓自己更快樂、更堅(jiān)強(qiáng)。而且如果我們感到沮喪或孤獨(dú)，沒有什么比看到好朋友的笑臉更好的了。HOW DO I KNOW MY STUDENTS?我如何了解我的學(xué)生？As an educator, people often ask me how I know what is going on in the minds of my students. Many students are quite shy and dont speak all that much. At the same time, in a classroom of more tha

13、n forty students, it is hard to have many one-on-one conversations with each person. So, how can I really know what makes each student tick?作為一名教師，人們經(jīng)常問我，我怎么知道自己的學(xué)生在想什么。許多學(xué)生相當(dāng)害羞，所以他們的話并不那么多。同時(shí)，在一個(gè)有40多名學(xué)生的教室里，很難與每個(gè)人進(jìn)行多次一對(duì)一的談話。那么，我是如何搞清楚每個(gè)學(xué)生為何會(huì)這樣的呢？My answer? I look at their body language.我的答案？我看他們的肢體

14、語(yǔ)言。It is easy to recognise when students are interested in a lesson. Most tend to look up and make eye contact. When I make a joke, they smile. When I talk about something difficult, they look confused. I know when students are really interested, however, because they lean forward and look at me. Pe

15、ople have a tendency to lean towards whatever they are interested in. So if a student has his head lowered to look at his watch, it implies he is bored and just counting the minutes for the class to end. If two friends are leaning their heads together, they are probably writing notes to each other.

16、Of course, not everyone who looks up is paying attention in class. Some students look up，but there is an absence of eye contact. Their eyes barely move, and they always have the same distant expression on their faces. It is as though they are asleep with their eyes open.當(dāng)學(xué)生對(duì)一堂課感興趣時(shí)，很容易辨認(rèn)出來(lái)。大多數(shù)人傾向于抬頭

17、和進(jìn)行眼神交流。當(dāng)我開玩笑時(shí)，他們會(huì)笑。當(dāng)我談?wù)摰诫y點(diǎn)時(shí)，他們看起來(lái)很困惑。不過，我知道學(xué)生們什么時(shí)候真正感興趣，因?yàn)樗麄兩眢w前傾看著我。人們往往傾向于自己感興趣的東西。因此，如果一個(gè)學(xué)生低下頭看表，這意味著他很無(wú)聊，只是在數(shù)著分鐘等下課。如果兩個(gè)朋友把頭靠在一起，他們可能在互相寫紙條。當(dāng)然，不是每個(gè)抬頭的人都專注于課堂。有些學(xué)生抬頭看，但沒有眼神交流。他們的眼睛幾乎不動(dòng)，臉上表情疏遠(yuǎn)呆滯，好像睜著眼睛在睡覺。Some students are amused by something else. They spend all their time looking anywhere but at

18、 me. Then again, some students favourite activity is daydreaming. With their chins on their hands, they occupy themselves by staring out of the window or up at the ceiling. They are certainly interested in something, but who knows what. The main thing is reminding distracted students that they need

19、to pay attention in class.有些學(xué)生被別的東西逗樂了。他們把所有的時(shí)間都花在看我以外的地方。同樣，一些學(xué)生最喜歡的是做白日夢(mèng)。他們兩手托著下巴，忙著盯窗外或天花板。他們當(dāng)然對(duì)某事感興趣，但誰(shuí)知道是什么呢？主要的事情是提醒分心的學(xué)生在課堂上要注意聽講。While it is easy to perceive when students are interested, bored, or distracted, it is sometimes much harder to distinguish when students are troubled. Students wh

20、o are angry, afraid, or experiencing anxiety may have their arms crossed in front of their chests and their legs closed or crossed, like they are guarding their bodies. Students who are sad or worried will nearly always wear a frown. They may also hide their faces in their hands like they are embarr

21、assed or ashamed. Some students act this way merely because they are afraid of being called on by the teacher. However，if a student does not bother to brush her hair and her eyes are red from weeping，then I can infer that there are deeper issues at work. It could be that she is having serious conflicts with other students or at home.