2022高考英語一輪總復習語法專題突破專題一名詞和冠詞學案含解析北師大版

1、2022高考英語一輪總復習語法專題突破專題一名詞和冠詞學案含解析北師大版2022高考英語一輪總復習語法專題突破專題一名詞和冠詞學案含解析北師大版PAGE 2022高考英語一輪總復習語法專題突破專題一名詞和冠詞學案含解析北師大版語法專題突破專題一名詞和冠詞核心考點課堂突破高考感悟.單句填空1。（2020全國卷）The far side of the moon is of particular （interesting） to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters （環(huán)形山).2.(2020全國卷）Filled with （curious）

2、，the artist packed his bags and left。3.(2020全國卷）The plum trees are first to flower even as the snow is melting（融化）.4.（2020新高考全國卷）Historical (accurate） is important but so is entertainment.5。(2019全國卷）In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings around human s

3、ettlements,leading to a （believe） that populations are increasing。6.（2019全國卷)When they were free from work,they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting （compete) to watch,together with the story behind it。7.（2019全國卷）Of nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations，three are decl

4、ining,six are stable，one is increasing，and nine lack enough data.8.（2019全國卷)She said,“We dont have any idea who put grandma forward。When we got a call saying she was short-listed,we thought it was joke.”9.（2018全國卷)Unexpectedly,Im facetoface with the gorilla，who begins screaming at top of her lungs。1

5、0.(2018全國卷）Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over past 25 years，while rice has increased only 7 percent.單句改錯1.(2020全國卷）Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with chopstick。2.（2020全國卷）Then I put the tomatoes and the beaten eggs into pan together.3.(2020全國卷)Luckily，I will

6、 go home in two weeks for summer vacations.4。(2020全國卷)My mom is really concerned with the health of everyone in our families。5.(2019全國卷)To everyones surprising，the ball went into the net。6.（2019全國卷）All the football player on the playground cheered loudly,saying that I had a talent for football.7。（20

7、19全國卷)Since I was a kid,Ive considered different job I would like to do.8.（2019全國卷)I wish to have a chain of cafes in many different city.9.（2019全國卷）Suddenly football fell just in front of me and almost hit me.10.（2019全國卷)Each of my cafes will have a different theme and an unique style?？键c歸納考點一名詞的數(shù)1。

8、可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)（1)規(guī)則變化:一般在單數(shù)形式后面加-s或es。規(guī)則例詞一般在詞尾加smapmaps,seaseas，girlgirls，daydays以s，x,ch，sh結(jié)尾的名詞后加-esclass-classes，box-boxes,watchwatches,dishdishes以-f或fe結(jié)尾的詞變-f和-fe為v再加-esleafleaves,thiefthieves,knifeknives,halfhalves，loafloaves,wifewives,shelfshelves加sbeliefbeliefs,chiefchiefs,proof-proofs,roofroofs以輔音字

9、母加y結(jié)尾的名詞，變y為i加esparty-parties，family-families，storystories，citycities以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞，或?qū)Ｓ忻~以y結(jié)尾的，加stoytoys，boyboys，daydays，rayrays,HenryHenrys以輔音字母加o結(jié)尾的名詞一般加esheroheroes，potatopotatoes，tomatotomatoes不少外來詞加-spianopianos，photophotos，kilokilos兩者皆可zerozeros/zeroesvolcanovolcanos/volcanoesmosquitomosquitos/m

10、osquitoes續(xù)表規(guī)則例詞以元音字母加-o結(jié)尾的名詞加sradioradios,bamboobamboos，zoozoos以th結(jié)尾的名詞加struthtruths，mouthmouths，monthmonths,pathpaths（2）不規(guī)則變化規(guī)則例詞改變名詞中的元音字母或其他形式manmen,womanwomen,footfeet，goosegeese，mousemice單復數(shù)相同species,sheep,deer,series,means,works,fish，li,yuan，jin只有復數(shù)形式ashes,trousers，clothes,thanks，goods,glasses

11、,compasses,contents一些集體名詞總是用作復數(shù)people，police，cattle,staff部分集體名詞既可以做單數(shù)(整體)也可以做復數(shù)（成員)audience,class,family,crowd，couple，group,committee，government,population,crew,team，public，enemy,party復數(shù)形式表示特別含義customs(海關(guān)),forces（軍隊）,times（時代)，spirits（情緒),drinks(飲料），sands（沙灘）,papers（文件,報紙）,manners（禮貌),looks(外表)，brai

12、ns（頭腦智力）,greens（青菜），ruins(廢墟）表示“某國人加-sAmericans，Australians,Germans，Greeks，Swedes，Europeans單復數(shù)同形Swiss，Portuguese，Chinese,Japanese以man或-woman結(jié)尾的改為-men，-womenEnglishmen，F(xiàn)renchwomen合成名詞將主體名詞變?yōu)閺蛿?shù)sonsinlaw,lookerson,passersby,storytellers，boy friends無主體名詞時將最后一部分變?yōu)閺蛿?shù)grown-ups，housewives,stopwatches將兩部分變?yōu)閺?/p>

13、數(shù)women singers,men servants2.不可數(shù)名詞（1）一般情況用法詞尾不能加s，做主語時謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式類別包括抽象名詞、物質(zhì)名詞和專有名詞例詞fun，advice,weather,progress，information，bread，butter,baggage,clothing,equipment,furniture，homework,juice,luggage,luck，music,milk,meat，production,permission，practice，thought，rubber,rice，soup,wealth，health,wood,Engl

14、ish，America(2）特殊情況C可數(shù)、U不可數(shù)含義不同work工作U，作品、著作Cglass玻璃U,杯子C，眼鏡pl. room空間U，房間Cpaper紙U，報紙、文件、試卷C抽象名詞具體化beauty美、美麗U，beauty美人、美麗的東西Cexperience經(jīng)驗U，experience經(jīng)歷Csurprise吃驚、驚奇U，surprise令人吃驚的人或事Cpleasure愉快、高興U，pleasure樂事、樂趣Cpride驕傲U，pride令人驕傲的人或事Creality實際U，reality實現(xiàn)的事、現(xiàn)實Chonor榮譽、信譽U,honor光榮的人或事Csuccess成功U，suc

15、cess成功的人或事Cfailure失敗U，failure失敗的人或事Ccomfort安危、舒適U,comfort令人安慰的人或事Cpromise希望、前途、出息U，promise允諾、諾言Cdanger危險U，danger可能引起危險的人或物Cattraction 吸引U,attraction 有吸引力的人或事物C考點二名詞的所有格1.s所有格的構(gòu)成單數(shù)名詞在末尾加sthe boys father,Jacks book，her sonin-laws photo復數(shù)名詞一般在末尾加the teachers room,the twins mother不規(guī)則復數(shù)名詞后加sthe childrens

16、 toys,womens rights以s結(jié)尾的人名所有格加s或者Dickens novels，Charless job,the Smiths house表示各自的所有關(guān)系時,各名詞末尾均須加sJapans and Americas problems,Janes and Marys bikes表示共有的所有關(guān)系時在最后一詞末加sJapan and Americas problems，Jane and Marys father表示“某人家“店鋪，所有格后名詞省略the doctors，the barbers，the tailors,my uncles2。s所有格的用法表示時間todays new

17、spaper，five weeks holiday表示自然現(xiàn)象the earths atmosphere，the trees branches表示國家、城市等地方的名詞the countrys plan,the worlds population，Chinas industry表示工作群體the ships crew，the majoritys view，the teams victory續(xù)表表示度量衡及價值a miles journey,five dollars worth of apples與人類活動有特殊關(guān)系的名詞the lifes time，the plays plot某些固定詞組a

18、birds eye view(鳥瞰，俯視)，a stones throw(很短的距離，不遠處)，at ones wits end(不知所措）3。of所有格的用法用于無生命的東西the legs of the chair,the cover of the book用于有生命的東西，尤其是有較長定語時the classrooms of the first-year students用于名詞化的詞the struggle of the oppressed考點三不定冠詞a/an的用法1。一般情況指一類人或事,相當于a kind ofA plane is a machine that can fly.第

19、一次提及某人、某物A boy is waiting for you.表示“每一，相當于every，oneWe study eight hours a day。表示“相同”，相當于the sameWe are nearly of an age.用于人名前，表示不認識此人或與某名人有類似性質(zhì)的人或事A Mr Smith came to visit you when you were out.That boy is rather a Lei Feng.用于quite,rather，many,half,what,such之后This room is rather a big one。用于so （as,

20、too,how）+形容詞之后She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet。2。固定搭配all of a sudden突然;as a matter of fact事實上;once a week每周一次;at a loss不知所措，茫然；be on a visit參觀，拜訪；be/go on a diet節(jié)食;give sb。a lift讓某人搭便車;have a gift for.。.在方面有天賦;have a good time玩得開心；have a word with.與談話；in a hurry匆忙地；in a way從某種意義上說；mak

21、e a living謀生；take a walk散步;take an interest in.。對感興趣;take/have a rest休息一會兒;a couple of兩三個； a bit一點； once upon a time從前；many a time許多次考點四定冠詞the1。一般情況表示某一類人或物The horse is a useful animal。用于世上獨一無二的事物名詞前the universe，the moon,the Pacific Ocean表示說話雙方都了解的或上文提到過的人或事Would you mind opening the door?用于樂器前面play

22、 the violin，play the guitar用于形容詞和分詞前表示一類人the rich，the living,the wounded續(xù)表表示“一家人”或“夫婦”the Greens,the Wangs用于序數(shù)詞或形容詞、副詞比較級、最高級前He is the taller of the two children.用于國家、黨派等以及江、河、湖、海、山川、群島的名詞前the United States,the Communist Party of China，the West Lake用于表示發(fā)明物的單數(shù)名詞前The compass was invented in China。在逢十

23、的復數(shù)數(shù)詞之前,指世紀的某個年代in the 1990s用于表示單位的名詞前I hired the car by the hour。用于方位名詞、身體部位名詞以及表示時間的詞組前He patted me on the shoulder.2。固定搭配at the moment此刻，目前;at the same time同時；by the way順便說一下；on the spot當場;make the best/most of。.。充分利用；in the distance在遠處；in the end最終;in the habit of有的習慣；the other day前幾天;on the one

24、 hand。.。,on the other hand.。一方面，另一方面；to the point中肯,切題考點五零冠詞1.一般情況專有名詞、物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞、人名、地名等名詞前Peking University,Jack，China,love,air名詞前有this,my,whose,some，no,each，every等限制I want this book，not that one。/ Whose purse is this?季節(jié)、月份、星期、節(jié)假日、一日三餐前March,Sunday,National Day，spring表示職位、身份、頭銜的名詞前Lincoln was made P

25、resident of America。學科、語言、球類、棋類名詞前He likes playing football/chess。與by連用表示交通工具的名詞前by train，by air,by land以and連接的兩個相對的名詞并用時husband and wife，knife and fork,day and night表示泛指的復數(shù)名詞前Horses are useful animals。2。固定搭配in fact事實上;for example例如;in danger在危險中；with pleasure高興地；in time及時；in fear恐懼地;at work在上班;at d

26、inner在吃飯;after school放學后;at first起初;at last最終；by hand手工做的;pay attention to注意;set fire to放火；take pride in以為豪;take care of照顧；take office就職；take part in參加;in town在城里；keep。.in mind牢記；in trouble處在麻煩中；on foot步行；leave word留言;on time按時;catch sight of看見；do harm to對有害；lose weight減肥專項訓練鞏固提升。單句填空1。So it was hon

27、our to be invited backstage at the notfor-profit Panda Base,where ticket money helps pay for research.2.（apology) of all kinds and for all sorts of wrongdoings are made far more frequently than before.3.However，the railway quickly proved to be great success.4。The factory used 65 percent of the raw m

28、aterials,the rest of which were saved for other (purpose)。5。The east side of their stems grows faster during day,causing the stems to gradually bend from east to west.6。John Dewey,an American psychologist，once said that gaining others respect is deepest urge in human nature。7。A hundred years ago，(ex

29、plorer) at that time were taking a tremendous risk in approaching the cold wonderland on the southernmost tip of the planet.8.In fact，figuring out who will get the bill is always headache for the Chinese at formal meals。9。As Chinese economy develops very fast and plays important role in the world，mo

30、re and more foreigners learn Mandarin in Confucius Institutes。10。Chinese people are becoming richer and more international。What has not changed is their (stomach).單句改錯1。She has taught us a lot of English knowledges and how to be a good citizen.2。China has made a great progress in developing its spac

31、e industry。3。I spent a hour every day taking exercise in order to lose weight.4.It was useful experience for all of us,which Ill never forget for the rest of my life,and which Ill always treasure.5.With no time for the breakfast,I rushed out of my house。6。I suddenly found that Lin Ling，one of my cla

32、ssmate，worked as a waitress there。7.From this lesson,we came to conclusion that it was not so difficult to learn English if we could find a good way。8。For example，businessmen are more likely to travel by plane or high-speed train to save time while office worker tend to take buses or drive to work t

33、hemselves。9。Last year,my families and I went camping in the countryside。It was one of the exciting experiences I had ever had.10。I hope my advices can help you improve your health。語法填空Villages in developing countries often lack many things：books,clean water，electricity.These shortages are easy to se

34、e。But 1。 different kind of shortage is not easy to see。That is 2。 shortage of experts。Many villages have no doctors,engineers or scientists。They have no one who knows how to treat unusual medical 3。（problem) or design a new expert system。There is a way to ease 4. problems。They can do it with 5。(comp

35、uter).In 6。 past few years，computer scientists around the world have developed what they call “expert systems。An expert system is a special kind of computer program.In some situations，it can take 7。 place of 8. human expert。For example，an expert in the medical system can help to take care of a sick

36、person。After asking a few 9.（question） of the patient，it can tell what medicine or other 10.（treat） is needed.。短文改錯Last Sunday I saw a worst storm in years。It came suddenly and went on for over a hour。After lunch,I went into my room to have rest.The air was hot,and all was quiet。Then a strong wind s

37、tarted to blow into my room。Pieces of papers on my desk flew high into the air and some flew out of the only open window。As I ran out to catch them,big drop of rain began to fall.When I came back into my house,it was raining the harder and harder.I tried very hard to close the windows。Then I heard the loudly crashing(碰撞的)sound from the back of the houses.I r